Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ruhaizah Abdul ghani Author-Name-First: Ruhaizah Author-Name-Last: Abdul ghani Author-Email: ummishahadah@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Uitm Author-Name: Jaffary Awang Author-Name-First: Jaffary Author-Name-Last: Awang Author-Email: jaffaryawang@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Title: Resolving conflicting issues in a pluralistic society, tolerance or respect Abstract: Multiracial society are often faced with issues of differences between races or nations that exist therein. Differences might happen in any issues such politic, economic, religion and so on. In certain cases, these differences may lead to clashes and complicated conflicts. Many are looking for the ways to reconcile the differences. The concept of 'tolerance' is one way to ease the problems of differences that arise, but there is a dispute about its suitability, and the concept of 'respect' is proposed as a more practical concept in solving problems between the races. There are discussion regarding the meaning of both words that turned to be a concept used in the context. This study aims to examine the meaning of each words literally, thus further examine the aspects of terminological meanings tolerance and respect in order to find the better concept which is more practical and comprehensive in addressing these issues. This paper uses the research method of semantic and content analysis to assess a more appropriate concept. The study found that the concept of tolerance is more comprehensive and practical as it includes the concept of respect. In short, the concept of tolerance cannot be practiced in the absence of the ideal of respect for different individuals and the issues raised. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 1-12 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=1&rid=273 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100273 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Conflicting issues, pluralistic societies, tolerance, respect Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Katalin Abraham Author-Name-First: Katalin Author-Name-Last: Abraham Author-Email: abkatalin@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Debrecen, Department of Sociology and Social Policy Title: The role of adult education in improving the labour market position of people without a secondary-school-leaving certificate (A-levels) Abstract: Access to education and training, and the quality of education, learning and knowledge have an effect on the competitiveness of a society and its economic growth. Therefore, creating the conditions for a knowledge-based economy and society are now commonly considered as goals to be achieved, the importance of investment into human capital is increasing, and lifelong learning as well as the development of competences required for the latter are becoming a priority. In this context, the need for and the role of adult education have also increased. Adult education can offer a way to correct the deficiencies of formal school education, it can complement insufficient knowledge, and it can provide retraining and further education. As a result, adult education contributes to the improvement of the individuals' labour market position and social status and has an influence on social and economic processes. People who lag behind as regards their qualifications, abilities and skills may get excluded from society. People with educational disadvantages are often incapable of entering the world of labour, which entails a higher risk of poverty, since income inequalities are still fundamentally determined by educational attainment and the labour market situation. Adult education can provide an opportunity for unqualified, under-qualified and/or unemployed people to obtain or supplement missing or obsolete qualifications, to improve their skills and thus to acquire the "forms of capital" necessary for their integration into the labour market and society.In the course of a study we would like to point out to what extent these people's participation in adult education can contribute to their (re)integration into the labour market in Hungary, and whether it is really a second chance for them. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 13-28 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=2&rid=938 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100938 Classification-JEL: Keywords: labour market, adult education Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100938 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ajayeb Abu Daabes Author-Name-First: Ajayeb Author-Name-Last: Abu Daabes Author-Email: ajayeb.daabes@ect.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Emirates collage of technology Title: Smart Applications as Supporting Educational Tool Abstract: This paper is an ongoing research that aims to reveal the attitudes and preferences of higher education students toward using smart applications as educational supporting tools. Based on the fact that satisfying customer needs is the focal point for an educational organization to exist in the market and to sustain its completive advantage, this research aims to identify the new trends in educational market and to provide educational organization with valuable suggestions based on their studentsâ?? needs. The study designs survey questionnaire responses from students at on of the UAE universities to reveal their preferences and trends towards using specific new technological paradigm in the education system. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 29-29 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=3&rid=65 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100065 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Smart Applications, Educational Tool Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100065 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Fatmir Agaj Author-Name-First: Fatmir Author-Name-Last: Agaj Author-Email: fatmiragaj1@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: PhD candidate in European University of Tirana, Albania Author-Name: Ernesa Hasani Author-Name-First: Ernesa Author-Name-Last: Hasani Author-Email: ernesaa@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Student in Faculty of Philology, University of Prishtina Title: The role of Informative Technology of Communication as a stimulating factor to students Abstract: This paper encompasses the role of Informative Technology of Communication in the classroom as stimulating factor to students? interest and increase of their interest for an active participation in learning for more attractive and more qualitative learning. This research was accessed by reason that the informative technology of communication can affect quite a lot in raising the quality of teaching, because in the learning process they have a very important place in enriching the learning experience and just for that they need to be implemented in schools. The purpose of this paper is the reflection of the real situation of the application of Informative Technology of Communication in the school to see and confirm their role and importance in the learning process. To confirm this problem, we have done research questions: How much impact the Informative Technology of Communication to stimulate students' during the learning process in school? This problem, we have proven through the work methodology, such as through quantitative methods and surveys with teachers, of which we could understand that these media reports, have a significant impact on increasing the interest and stimulation of students for contemporary learning. From the survey results, we have concluded that in these schools the work is done very well in the implementation of Informative Technology of Communication, because all teachers are aware of their importance and the positive effects they bring to students. The results from this study show the truth that Informative Technology of Communication affects quite well in raising the quality of teaching and encouraging or stimulating the students to work more effectively in the classroom.We have accesses to this problem to prove the impact and importance of Informative Technology of Communication in the learning process about stimulating the students in raising the quality of teaching, to bring back to the class vitality, willpower to students and the quality to school. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 30-30 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=4&rid=1190 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101190 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Informative Technology of Communication, stimulation, quality, teachers, students. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nassr Saleh Mohamad Ahmad Author-Name-First: Nassr Saleh Mohamad Author-Name-Last: Ahmad Author-Email: nassr_ahmad@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Libya Academy Author-Name: Abdulghani Leftesi Author-Name-First: Abdulghani Author-Name-Last: Leftesi Author-Email: Agaf2005@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Libyan Academy Title: An Exploratory Study of The Level of Sophistication of Management Accounting Practices (MAPs) in Manufacturing Companies Libya Abstract: Traditional MAPs such as standard costing and variance analysis, traditional budgeting and cost volume profit analysis have been under attack for some time now as being out of date and not suitable for today's new manufacturing and business environment. Thus, to keep pace with such new manufacturing and business environment, it becomes imperative for organisations, including Libyan organisation to adopt advanced MAPs such as ABC, JIT, TQM, life cycle assessment and target cost. Purpose: This study seeks to examine the extent to which traditional and advanced MAPs are being used in Libyan manufacturing companies, and investigating the stages of management accounting evolution in the country. Design/Methodology/approach: Data have been collected by utilising eighty-one postal questionnaires with the senior financial staff, such as financial directors, financial managers, the senior management accountant of large and medium size Libyan manufacturing companies from different industrial sectors. Then, an IFAC-based model was applied to analysis the stage of evolution of the management accounting practices in Libya. Finally, the reasons behind this low adoption rate of advanced MAPs were explained. Findings: The results of this study indicate that Libyan manufacturing companies rely heavily on traditional management accounting techniques, while the adoption rates of recently developed or advanced tools were rather low, slow and similar than those presented in other developing countries. Moreover, the analysis revealed that MAPs in Libya were still between stage one and two in IFAC-based model. Thus, almost all of Libyan manufacturing companies are implementing MAPs which provided information for cost determination and financial control and information for management planning and control. Finally, the reasons underlying an apparent low adoption rate of advanced MAPs were explained. These reasons are related to institutional factors, the attributes of adopter and the attributes of advanced MAPs. Limitation: The study is restricted to manufacturing companies, service sector companies raise their own particular issues and require separate in-depth studies. Value: It is envisaged that this initial study will add to the limited literature on MAPs in developing countries and provide a useful framework for further studies, especially those in the Arabic region. Moreover, it provides some insight into the barriers of applying the advanced MAPs, which if they are solved, will pave the way for Libyan organisations to compete globally in the future. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 31-31 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=5&rid=447 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100447 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Traditional MAPs, Advanced MAPs, Libyan Manufacturing companies, Libya, Developing countries, Arabic region, IFAC-based Model and Barriers, Institutional factors, The attributes of adopter, The attributes of advanced MAPs. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dr. Khalid Al Saud Author-Name-First: Dr. Khalid Author-Name-Last: Al Saud Author-Email: kmsaud2@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Saudi Shura Council Title: Saudi Arabian Plan to Transfer to Knowledge Society Abstract: Saudi Arabia nowadays is executing plans to transform  it's  economy from being dependent on the wealth of oil reserves to be based on the products of knowledge and technology . Nothing is more difficult than developing knowledge , skills ,and capabilities of people In order to enhance  and stimulate their minds for more discoveries and inventions . Saudi Arabia beside oil has little  economical resources ,therefore Saudis has no choice except to depend on human  minds and capabilities . Development of education in terms of minimizing illiteracy and improving the quality of outcomes to be more competitive with international  standards and measures  are of the most important issues being focused on in this research paper .  King Abdullah project for the development of general education and the establishment of the authority of education evaluation are among the important initiatives to improve the outcomes of the general education .   Expansion of the vocational and technical training, and establishment of joint training programs with  major  manufacturing companies resampling  private sector are among the successful steps to built capabilities of Saudi technicians .  Opening new universities, especially research and technology universities such as king Abdullah university for science and technology KAUST , and initiating king Abdullah program  to financially  support saudi students to complete their graduate and undergraduate studies abroad in distinguished universities in medical, engineering , and computer and communications sciences are among the efforts to empower Saudis to be highly skilled and qualified to execute sophisticated technological  tasks . However, more  than 150,000 students are currently enrolled in king Abdullah  program .  Science and technology incubators such as bader is among other incubators established by king abdulaziz city for sciences and technology to help intellectuals and inventors . It aims to create  enhancing environment  for inventors to transfer their  ideas and inventions to become commercial products.  Many other initiatives such as the custodian of the to holy mosques prize for gifted and inventors and the establishment of the king abdulaziz and his companions establishment for giftness and invention are supporting and magnifying the role of Saudi efforts in the process of  transferring   of the society of saudi arabia to the so called  knowledge based economy. Finally, this paper will focus on the strategy set by the government to achieve it's goal of transfer to knowledge society by the end of 2030. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 32-32 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=6&rid=280 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100280 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Saudi Arabian, Transfer to Knowledge Society Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Najwa Al-Mously Author-Name-First: Najwa Author-Name-Last: Al-Mously Author-Email: nalmously@kfmc.med.sa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad medical City,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Title: The impact of admission criteria and English proficiency on medical students' academic performance in the pre-clinical phase Abstract: The correlation of medical schools preadmission criteria and subsequent student academic performance of undergraduate medical students have been investigated in several studies. This performance can also be affected by the use of English language as a medium of instruction for the non-native speaker students. In Saudi Arabia, medical students face learning difficulties due to the adoption of English language as a medium of education, although schooling is mostly in Arabic. Language barrier is considered one of the important challenges in our region. To assess medical students' performance during the pre-clinical phase based on their scores in preadmission tests and premedical English. Also, to evaluate if these factors can identify students that may be at risk of poor academic performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad medical City (KFMC/KSAU-HS). Students' scores of preadmission tests (High school average, National Aptitude and Achievement test), final premedical English, and preclinical grade point average (GPA) were collected. Students included in the study were (n=110)) second year, and (n=87) third year medical school. Those with a medical school GPA <3 were considered poor performers. T-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression test were used for analyses. Results: An intermediate correlation was observed between High school scores and GPA for both cohorts (p<0.05). Similar but a stronger correlation was obtained with premedical English scores. National Achievement test showed significant correlation with GPA of the 2nd year cohort only. For Aptitude test, there was no significant correlation with GPA for both cohorts (p>0.05). A prominent influence of premedical English scores on GPA was indicated by the regression analyses. Poor performers' GPA was significantly correlated with English for both cohorts. Although two of three preadmission tests showed a correlation with academic performance of Saudi medical students, they failed to have a predicative impact. However, premedical English language scores presented as a significant predictor of academic performance. Therefore, we suggest that there is a need to introduce other valid and reliable tools for admission to medical schools such as English proficiency test and well structured mini-interviews. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 33-33 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=7&rid=323 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100323 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Medical students, Academic performance, Preadmission criteria, English proficiency. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Suhaili Alma'amun Author-Name-First: Suhaili Author-Name-Last: Alma'amun Author-Email: sba7611@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Author-Name: Mohd Khairy Kamarudin Author-Name-First: Mohd Khairy Author-Name-Last: Kamarudin Author-Email: khairyaljoni@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Title: Motivation for Inter Vivos (Hibah) Transfers Among Malaysian Muslims: A Logit Analysis Abstract: Inter vivos transfers in Malaysia have been always associated with the Islamic way for the solution of the disbursement of estates. From the economic point of view, the motivation for them has been the interest of the researchers. In the case of Malaysia, inter vivos is called hibah ? originally an Arabic word. Inheritance issue in Malaysia has been surrounded by the most vexing problem ? the increasing number of frozen estate problems. Inter vivos gift is perceived as a remedy for the frozen estate problems. However, there are no specific research have been conducted in regard to the motives of inter vivos gift from parents to children with special focus on Malaysian Muslim society. This study aims to identify the existence of altruism and exchange motives in inter vivos transfers received by the Malaysian Muslim respondents. This research employs logit regression method analysis based on inter vivos gift models developed in the previous studies. Data is collected by means of questionnaire from October to December 2012. Since we explore the types of the inter vivos gift transferred from parents to children, we are able to relate motives for such transfers with the way the parents manage their assets for the purpose of estate planning. We find exchange motive is more applicable among respondents and physical assets such as lands, houses and vehicles are those common types of assets that parents transferred to their children in the form of inter vivos gift. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 34-34 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=8&rid=619 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100619 Classification-JEL: D19, D64, D31 Keywords: Hibah, Inter vivos gift, Altruism, Exchange, Islamic estate planning Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hanan AlMazrouei Author-Name-First: Hanan Author-Name-Last: AlMazrouei Author-Email: hrmaster_lady@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: United Arab Emirates University Title: BUILDING WORKING RELATIONSHIPS AND EXPATRIATE ADJUSTMENT IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Abstract: The aim of this article is to examine the effect of building working relationships, communication ability, and office politics on expatriate leaders? work adjustment in the UAE. Questionnaires and interviews were utilised to explore the elements effecting expatriate work adjustment in UAE organizations. Building working relationships and ability to communicate with staff were both positively correlated with expatriate leaders? work adjustment. However, there was no relationship between office politics and expatriate leaders? work adjustment. This research provides a new perspective to the relatively limited theory available on cross-cultural adjustment in UAE organizations. Analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data was found to predict work adjustment. The organization can assist expatriate leaders? work adjustment by offering support in the form of a reward system such as trips or bonuses for successful work adaptation. This can be facilitated by providing team building and development opportunities such as workshops and off-site activities aimed at improving working relationships with host staff and developing networking opportunities. Providing support in the form of a host country mentor, a long-term resident expatriate or their family may also assist. They will have the knowledge and experience in the host culture to provide expatriate leaders with the advice they need. A suggestion for further research would be the use of unstructured and in-depth interviews. These may have provided richer data leading to the ability to develop deeper and stronger analyses of the points raised Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 35-35 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=9&rid=810 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100810 Classification-JEL: M19 Keywords: Expatriate Leadership, Adjustment, Building Working Relationships, Communication, Culture, UAE. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Amer Alsaleh Author-Name-First: Amer Author-Name-Last: Alsaleh Author-Email: amer3_@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kuwait University Title: Road Traffic Accidents in Kuwait (Triangulation Method Study) Abstract: The study has revealed the pattern and trends of motor traffic accidents in Kuwait City from 2010 to 2011. It shows that the accident occurrence was increasing every year, passengers and pedestrians are always at highest risk of being injured or killed on the road, young males are highly prone to motor traffic accidents. The study has also identified qualitatively (by interviews) that the technical element of the highway construction, irresponsibility, poor management, cell phones, alcohol and drugs, age of the victims and poor condition of services as the important risk factors associating to the cause of traffic accidents in Kuwait. In order to reduce traffic accidents in Kuwait City, it is recommended that the government should review legislation regarding employment of drivers. Working conditions of police force should be improved, public road safety campaigns should be conducted, and new driving license system should be imposed. The use of cell phones while driving should be restricted. The hospital and police record keeping should be strengthened, the hospital staff, traffic police and ambulance personnel should be considered for intensive training on emergency and preparedness, and regular vehicle inspection should be introduced in Kuwait City. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 36-36 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=10&rid=696 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100696 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Traffic accidents-Risk theory-System theory-Triangulation method Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100696 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nikos Apostolopoulos Author-Name-First: Nikos Author-Name-Last: Apostolopoulos Author-Email: anikos@uop.gr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Peloponnese Author-Name: Panagiotis Liargovas Author-Name-First: Panagiotis Author-Name-Last: Liargovas Author-Email: liargova@uop.gr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Peloponnese Title: Renewable energy enterprises and regional parameters Abstract: This paper is devoted to Greece's national competitiveness in relation to renewable energy production enterprises from solar. Applying Porter's diamond model on renewable energy enterprises, we should take into account regional or local factors due to the dependency of those companies on natural recourses. After all, Porter maintains that national and regional factors jointly promote a competitive advantage. The analysis should be spread to lower levels than the national one, because renewable energy production companies, either at the stage of installation or at the stage of operation, are fully affected by the locality. Measuring or analyzing national competitiveness of this kind of enterprises is not always easy because there are essential differences from other types of industrial activity. In this paper, specific regional data are also incorporated in the analysis of the diamond model conditions, which affect national competitiveness. Through Porter's diamond model we can adopt a multidimensional approach towards this subject related to factor conditions, strategy, related industries, demand and governance.Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine solar energy production enterprises through a twofold interpenetrated framework. Thus, on the one hand, the aim is to highlight the significant role of regional parameters when analyzing the competitive advantage of renewable energy enterprises in Greece by applying Porter?s diamond model, and on the other hand to implement the aforementioned model in the case of solar energy enterprises taking into account all possible regional parameters. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 37-37 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=11&rid=413 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100413 Classification-JEL: Keywords: regional; energy; enterprises Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aliriza Arënliu Author-Name-First: Aliriza Author-Name-Last: Arënliu Author-Email: aliriza.arenliu@uni-pr.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Prishtina, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Psychology Author-Name: Linda Hoxha Author-Name-First: Linda Author-Name-Last: Hoxha Author-Email: lindahox@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Prishtina, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Psychology Author-Name: Dashamir Bërxulli Author-Name-First: Dashamir Author-Name-Last: Bërxulli Author-Email: dashamir.berxulli@uni-pr.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Prishtina, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Psychology Author-Name: Liridona Jemini-Gashi Author-Name-First: Liridona Author-Name-Last: Jemini-Gashi Author-Email: liridona.jemini@uni-pr.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Prishtina, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Psychology Title: Parenting styles and intrinsic motivation among high school students - do parenting styles influence motivation orientation of high school students? Abstract: The study investigated the relation of specific parenting (maternal) styles with the motivation orientation of 610 high school students from 6 regions of Kosovo. In the literature there is evidence that certain types of parenting styles and the motivation orientations of the students are related to the school success of the students. More specifically authoritative parenting style that is characterized with high demandingness and high responsiveness tends to be more positively associated with schools success and with intrinsic motivation compared to authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. Intrinsic motivation often refers to motivation of students " to know", to be oriented "toward accomplishment" and "experience stimulation" while learning. The results showed significant positive correlation between authoritative parenting style scores with intrinsic motivation orientation "to know"( r=.38, p<.001), with motivation toward accomplishment (r=.34, p<.001) and with motivation toward experience of stimulation( r=.36, p<.001) (similar findings were found for both genders). Other two types of parenting resulted with no significant correlation with intrinsic motivation subscales. School success of students was significantly positively correlated with authoritative parenting style (r=.16, p<.001) scores whereas negatively with other two types of parenting style.. Additionally we looked at the association of three subscale of intrinsic motivation separately as dependent variables with parenting styles using a linear regression model and the results were in line with existing literature where authoritative parenting style and school success was positively associated with intrinsic motivation. More specifically the regression analysis indicated that only authoritative parenting from three different parenting styles significantly predicted [?=.368, p<.001] scores of subscale for measuring intention to learn of intrinsic motivation F=35.39, p<.001, R2=.055. For the subscale measuring accomplishment as part of intrinsic motivation the regression analysis F=27.48, R2=.117 indicated both authoritative [?=.348, p<.001] and authoritarian [? =.70, p<.001] parenting styles to predict the accomplishment scores. The last model also indicated that authoritative parenting style predicted scores of "experience of stimulation" while learning [? =.322, p<.001] F=25.32, p<.001, R2=108. The findings are discussed in terms of relation of parental styles and intrinsic motivation and its implication for the education system, also the findings are discussed in terms of cross-cultural issues where authoritarian parenting might be considered as appropriate parenting style. Also findings are discussed on how teachers should deal with different parenting styles in educational context. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 38-49 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=12&rid=957 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100957 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: parenting styles; motivation orientation; intrinsic motivation; school success Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100957 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zalifah Awang Zakaria Author-Name-First: Zalifah Author-Name-Last: Awang Zakaria Author-Email: zalifah801@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University Malaysia Author-Name: Roslina Othman Author-Name-First: Roslina Author-Name-Last: Othman Author-Email: drroslina@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University Malaysia Title: Management skills for Library Managers in Improving the Library Performance Abstract: The effectiveness of organization in achieving its objectives can be employed by applying management knowledge to management functions. However, current studies show the lack of management skills among managers which could lead to undesirable circumstances and reduce the staff satisfaction especially in performing their roles correctly. In this study, the management skills that are required by managers in the Malaysian university?s library are investigated. This is due to the importance of the library as the main function for supporting research and development of universities. The study aims to identify problem occurs when the managers fail to perform decisions in the university?s library. The management skills typology differences are compared based on demographics factors including age, gender, experience and management rank. The respondents are selected from ten libraries from public universities in Malaysia. Five research university?s libraries and five non-research universities libraries are compared. These libraries are selected based on the university rank listed by the Ministry of Education in Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative approach of structured questionnaire to investigate the management skills possessed by the respondents. A qualitative semi-structured interview is then conducted to support the findings from the aforementioned approach. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 50-50 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=13&rid=1030 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101030 Classification-JEL: Y90 Keywords: Management skills, Library managers, Library management Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101030 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Fatih Ufuk Ba?c? Author-Name-First: Fatih Ufuk Author-Name-Last: Ba?c? Author-Email: fubagci@beder.edu.al Author-Workplace-Name: Beder University Title: The positive contributions of moral values in educational activities: a case of Madrasa school in Albania Abstract: This study aims to identify how to focus on rehabilitating of the students with various lost moral values in education, and training activities. Regarding moral values, many debates have taken place about how they are important and invaluable values that are disappeared in education system in recent years in Albania. Thus, a close look and detailed investigation were needed in the educational programs and practices to figure out those invaluable moral values which are urgently necessary for demonstrating humane manners in educational environments and also those are gained by individuals and the differences in understanding or mentality about values.In this study, a research was done in Madrasa school in Tirana where a model of education structure was used in school program. The participants were the teachers and the students of that school requested anonymity. The main point were that how we can make the other students learn those moral values and equip them with those the values according to the changing world.In this study, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to get data through semi-structured interviews with respective students and teachers including directors. This present study demonstrates that except lessons, the extra-curricular activities were considered more important for the development of universal and moral values of the students.The limitation of the present study was that we did not have enough time to interview with each student and teaching staff. The present study reveals the curriculum designers have to put them in the curricula as they are universal values among new generations and also they are needed to teach according to the rapidly changing and must be proportional to any change in the world as well. So, the school administrations ought to organize and apply moral values teaching extra-curricular activities in order to give students a healthy and right mentality regarding universal values. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 51-61 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=14&rid=998 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100998 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Madrasa Education, Universal Values, Moral Values, Curricula Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100998 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oliver Bakreski Author-Name-First: Oliver Author-Name-Last: Bakreski Author-Email: oliverbakreski@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Author-Name: Tanja Milosevska Author-Name-First: Tanja Author-Name-Last: Milosevska Author-Email: tmilosevska@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ss.Cyril and Methodius University Title: The role of security sector against human trafficking in the Republic of Macedonia Abstract: This paper aims to research human anti-trafficking concept which takes into account three components: the prosecution of traffickers, the protection of trafficked persons, and the prevention of trafficking. Quality security sector responses must unite the actions of coercive actors with those of other government agencies, non-governmental organizations, legislative bodies, private businesses, and the media. Security sector reforms oriented counter-trafficking efforts are required, not just in countries that appear from violent conflict, but also in more secure settings. Effective, competent, and legitimate responses against human traffickers require broadening traditional security concepts and practices previously focused on state security and the military. Cooperation among national actors and their foreign complements is essential because of the transnational nature of contemporary security problems. Paper underline the main points and trends in human trafficking in R. Macedonia in order to gain better understanding of this phenomenon that represents one of the security problems for this region. By analyzing the opportunities and problems of counter-trafficking, and presenting recommendations to policy-makers and experts, paper presents further effective, efficient, and justifiable counter-trafficking efforts. Successful counter-trafficking entails political will and cooperation at all levels, at points of origin, transit and destination. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 62-70 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=15&rid=366 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100366 Classification-JEL: Keywords: human trafficking, security sector, counter-trafficking, security concepts, reforms. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Iman Basheti Author-Name-First: Iman Author-Name-Last: Basheti Author-Email: dr_iman@asu.edu.jo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Applied Sciences Title: Effect of simulation in training pharmacy students on correct inhaler technique Abstract: Objectives: To assess the effect of engaging pharmacy students in a simulated situation in which they counsel real asthma patients on their inhaler technique for Dry Powder Inhalers (Accuhaler and Turbuhaler) and Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI).Methods: This was a single blinded repeated measures parallel group design study, conducted in 2011, involving all 5th year students enrolled in the Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics course unit. All students were assessed on their inhaler technique at baseline based on previously published checklists for Accuhaler (ACC, 9 steps), Turbuhaler (TH, 10 steps) and MDI (9 steps). Students were randomly allocated to 2 Interventions, Intervention A ?supervised hands-on education in groups + Peer assessment/education?; and Intervention B ?supervised hands on education in groups + Peer assessment + simulated scenario counseling a real asthma patient. Patient counseling involved students in groups of 6, assessing three asthma patients on inhaler technique (each on one of the devices) then delivering an education (verbal information + physical demonstration) till the patient performed all steps in each checklist correctly. Student assessments on inhaler technique skills were repeated one week post-intervention.In addition, this is the first study to investigate students? perceived barriers to demonstrating correct inhaler technique and future performance of their pre-education role in this area.Results: At baseline, none of the students in Intervention A (n =54) and Intervention B (n =55) performed correct technique for the three devices. One week following intervention, a significantly higher proportion of students in Intervention B demonstrated correct technique for the DIS, TH and MDI (60.0%;70.9%;69.1%) vs. Intervention A (27.8%;40.7%;42.6%, p<0.005,Chi Square test).Barriers perceived by the students towards their role in this area included mostly lack of practical training during undergraduate studies and lack of knowledge about the importance of this topic. No significant difference between the two Interventions was found with regards to the reported perceived barriers.Conclusion: Engaging pharmacy students with real asthma patients in a simulated scenario involving correct inhaler technique education can result in better student inhaler technique demonstration skills. Engaging pharmacy students in targeted practical training in this area would fulfill the needed highlighting of its importance and provide the skills required. Length: 22 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 71-92 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=16&rid=231 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100231 Classification-JEL: I20, I21, I23 Keywords: Simulation, pharmacy education, inhaler use Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hayat Belaid Author-Name-First: Hayat Author-Name-Last: Belaid Author-Email: hayethayet820@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: university of bechar Author-Name: Ahmed bouchenafa Author-Name-First: Ahmed Author-Name-Last: bouchenafa Author-Email: ufcbouchenafa@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: university of bechar Author-Name: Abd Elkader Barich Author-Name-First: Abd Elkader Author-Name-Last: Barich Author-Email: dr.baek70@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: The Higher School of Trade - Algiers Author-Name: Karima Maazouzi Author-Name-First: Karima Author-Name-Last: Maazouzi Author-Email: kar_maaz@hotmail.fr Author-Workplace-Name: University of bechar Title: The Quality of Health Services in Bechar Public Hospital Institution Abstract: The Heath sector became recently a great interest and at all levels, where the subject of quality of health services became of an international increasing interst, This Research coming to put the highlight on Possibility to Establishment the Dimensions of Quality Health Services, then the hospital consider Service organization responsible for provide health services Integrated , diagnose, Remedially, Educationally , and sereachical . and the hospital as Managerial System used human, technical ,physical , and financial increased It size and value continuous with healthy and technically advance . and increased the demands on health services for several factors , it important increase in numerous populations , increased road accidents , percentage of pollution , industrial accidents , and war causes . and agreement with that , appearance the challenge forward hospital management and employees in it to provide health service with excellence quality . where quality health service consider important element for extreme in scope of hospitals management where associated with important aspect from aspects human life and is it health . However , absolute our that stopping at this humanly required and give it our attention continuous trend possibility to establishment the dimensions of quality health services in our hospitals and through conceptual vision and operationally applying in our hospitals we see that there gap on level of concept and dimensions of quality health service ,so the hospital institutions tray to provide health services with a high quality to achieve the maximum possible satisfaction for the patient, this research aims at studing the fact of health service quality in public hospital institution for the town of bechar and impact on patient satisfaction, basing on the dimensions of quality of health services (Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy). Length: 17 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 93-109 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=17&rid=1005 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101005 Classification-JEL: A14, D12, I18 Keywords: Quality, Quality of health services, Dimensions of quality of health services, Patient satisfaction, Public hospital institution Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101005 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Abdellah BENAHNIA Author-Name-First: Abdellah Author-Name-Last: BENAHNIA Author-Email: abenahnia@kfmc.med.sa Author-Workplace-Name: Director, ELC Title: The Impact of Cultural & Intercultural Competence Awareness Programs on ESL Scholarship Candidates Abroad Abstract: Nowadays, many students are granted a scholarship to study abroad. However, meeting the required score in IELTS or TOEFL is a must in order to be accepted in most universities abroad. A considerable number of students (if not the majority) have to take the ESL program in the target country in order to be fully accepted for their major. Due to a lack of intercultural competence, many of those students find difficulties in living in a different country, and interacting with others. Therefore, the paste of their language learning tends to be slow, or interrupted.In addition to the linguistic barriers, social, cultural, and religious barriers may also impede the process of ESL acquisition and learning. This paper will emphasize the impact of cultural and intercultural competence awareness programs that must be provided to those learners in their own country before they embark on their studies abroad. This research will also shed light on how intercultural competence as well as the concept of identity can be used as a vehicle towards a better understanding and accepting the other, thereby assisting in the internationalization of some cultural concepts. It will also draw the teachers? attention on how to improve their students? overall output in the target language and focus more on the importance of cross-cultural competence in the area of EFL/ESL learning. This is essential, given the nature of language learning in and of itself, which chief aim is to build up the learner?s awareness of self-identity, and communicate with other cultures in a more effective way. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 110-125 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=18&rid=324 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100324 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Awareness Programs, Scholarship, ESL Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Parichard Benrit Author-Name-First: Parichard Author-Name-Last: Benrit Author-Email: pari.ann@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Author-Name: Malliga Marimuthu Author-Name-First: Malliga Author-Name-Last: Marimuthu Author-Email: malliga@usm.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia Title: The Important of Information Valence on Self Service Banking Technology Adoption:A Conceptual Framework Abstract: Although Self Service Banking Technologies (SSBTs), is known as core services provided by the banks, however in some developing countries, it is still at the early stage of adoption. For the banks in these developing countries, encouraging their customer to use the SSBTs is a great challenge. Thus, there is a critical need to understand the factors that influence customers decision towards SSBTs. The information about the service is the first stage of the adoption process that will lead awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption of innovation (Roger 1962). This study aims to explore the factors that would influence SSBTs adoption at early stage with emphasis on the role of information valence. Both positive information and negative information are concerned in this study. A new conceptual model of information valence including positive framing and negative framing as predictor of SSBTs adoption is proposed. The findings of the study base on information valence model will contribute to understanding of the role of information factors on SSBTs adoption and extend the body of information valence literature. Also, understanding the information valence factor would be useful for bank managers in formulating strategies and more effectively reach the consumer to encourage increased in adoption rate of SSBTs. Limitation and suggestions for future research also are highlighted. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 126-138 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=19&rid=82 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100082 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Self service technology, Banking, Adoption, Information, Valence Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jaqueline Bohn Donada Author-Name-First: Jaqueline Author-Name-Last: Bohn Donada Author-Email: jaquebohndonada@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Title: The Historical Novel Reconsiered: The Case of George Eliot's Romola Abstract: Although George Eliot is recognized as a seminal author of the XIX century English realism, Romola, her fourth novel, is not usually remembered amongst her most relevant works. Several contemporary and even more recent critics have considered it a failure and dismissed its XV century Italian background and accumulation of historical detail as irrelevant to the XIX century English novel. However, it has often been said that, generally speaking, all of George Eliot?s novels are historical because all of them are set in a particular place and time, the social and political circumstances of which are of central importance to the lives of the characters and to the developments of the plot. The present work aims at analyzing Romola as George Eliot's attempt of revitalizing and modernizing the form of the historical novel. The paper traces a line of continuation and development from the XVIII century realistic novel to the rise of historical fiction with Walter Scott to Eliot's revaluation of the form in Romola. By the end, it is expected that the paper is able to establish that, in Romola, George Eliot takes on the tradition founded by Walter Scott and remodels it according to her unfolding awareness of the new historical and artistic tendencies that would later be characteristic of Modernist fiction. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 139-139 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=20&rid=81 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100081 Classification-JEL: Keywords: George Eliot, Romola, Historical Novel Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100081 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Fatima Boussalem Author-Name-First: Fatima Author-Name-Last: Boussalem Author-Email: fatima_betta@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Jijel Author-Name: Zina Boussalem Author-Name-First: Zina Author-Name-Last: Boussalem Author-Email: zinaboussalem@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: university of jijel Author-Name: Abdelaziz Taiba Author-Name-First: Abdelaziz Author-Name-Last: Taiba Author-Email: dr.taiba@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: university of chlef Title: The Relationship between public spending on health and economic growth in Algeria: Testing for Cointegration and Causality Abstract: This paper investigated the causality and co-integration relationships between public health expenditure and economic growth in Algeria during 1974-2014 using annual data. This paper concentrated on time series co-integration and causality in VECM framework. The findings revealed that there is a long-run causality from public health expenditure to economic growth, while it is not observed any short-run causality from expenditure health to economic growth. The lack of strong link from health to economic growth is not necessarily a reason to reallocate health investment away from the health sector. The improvements in health status will be worth the effort even if they turn out to have little effect on growth. Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 140-157 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=21&rid=1004 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101004 Classification-JEL: I18, I15, C10 Keywords: public Health Expenditure, Economic Growth, Co-integration, Causality Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101004 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Meliha Brestovci Author-Name-First: Meliha Author-Name-Last: Brestovci Author-Email: mbrestovci@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Prishtina, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Psychology Title: Using the Prepositions in, on, at - A Challenge for the Teachers and Students in Kosovo Abstract: Some of the fundamental challenges that society of higher education is facing,are the needs for research on difficult issues and comparisons at global level on one side, as well as at the local level taking into account the fact that in the modern world such comparisons are being made more useful and attractive. Having in mind that the English prepositions, respectively prepositional phrase has been studied enough, we have tried to follow a path in consultation with numerous materials with the aim of achieving the most useful, only to enlighten better and have realistic picture of the comparison. To study the prepositional phrase in the novel, an analysis of three prepositions in, on and at is done, comparing them with prepositions in Albanian language from the selected novels in English such as ?Guliver`s Travels? by Jonathan Swift, translated into Albanian by author Halit Selfo as ?Udhëtimet e Guliverit?; and "The White Fang" by Jack London, translated by Mikaela Minga as "Dhëmbi i Bardhë". In particular, this paper is an attempt to include a comparative analysis of the prepositional phrase, especially for three mentioned which in Albanian in most cases they appear translated with the preposition në, and we will be looking into place and time relation. The decision to base our paper on the above-mentioned novels, derived from the fact that both authors Jack London and Jonathan Swift stand high in both languages and as such they have been translated into the targeted language.Despite the possibility that there might be other different translations, which of course will be targeted through other extended research, they mostly appear with prepositions of accusative and less with prepositions of nominative. This fact strengths the view that accusative case carries the main burden of translations of the three prepositions into Albanian. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 158-158 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=22&rid=1003 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101003 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: English, Albanian, prepositions, time, location, prepositional phrase, education, novel, comparative analyses Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101003 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bambang Budiono Author-Name-First: Bambang Author-Name-Last: Budiono Author-Email: mas.bbudiono@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Telkom university, pt. telkom indonesia Title: Technology, regulations, business strategy and business performance on indonesian telecommunication industry Abstract: Telecommunication industries in indonesia have currently entered a phase which people's awareness of knowledge on the information technology-based products and services increases. some of the phenomena that occur in the industries are : (i) the technology develops rapidly, (ii) the telecommunication regulations are frequently overdue in anticipating the user needs and business requirements, (iii) the income of the executants,signed by the average revenue per user (arpu), tends to decline hence the profit per customer decreases; (iv) the strategy implementation by the company or business unit in these industries are relatively the same. these conditions require the industry players to determine the proper steps in anticipating the current competition. therefore, this research will explore the correlation among the variables of technology , regulation , business strategy , and the business unit performancein order to formulate the correlation among the four variablesthe research is aimed to produce a study concerning the correlation among technology,regulation,business strategyy,and unit business performancein the telecommunication industries in indonesia. the research used descriptive and verification by conducting a survey to 34 samples with the units of analysis covering the business units in the four largest telecommunication operators in Indonesia. data were obtained from the results of observation, questionnaires and interviews, and partial least square (pls) was used for analysis and hypothesis testingthe results of this study show that there is an impactof technology on business unit performance through the regulation and business strategy. the impact of technology may happen through the regulatory and business strategies. at the same time, the impact of technology on both business strategy and business unit performance directly is extremely low, and so is the impact of the regulation on the performance of the business. the impactof regulation on the performance of the business unit will be significant if it is through the business strategy Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 159-159 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=23&rid=200 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100200 Classification-JEL: M20 Keywords: Technology, Regulation, Business Strategy, Business Performance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ismael BYARUHANGA Author-Name-First: Ismael Author-Name-Last: BYARUHANGA Author-Email: ibyaruhanga@nur.ac.rw Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA-COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS Author-Name: PATRICK BIKADHO OTHUMA Author-Name-First: PATRICK Author-Name-Last: BIKADHO OTHUMA Author-Email: Pbikadho@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: MAKERERE Title: EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT, TRUST, ENGAGEMENT, AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between empowerment, trust, engagement and OCB. The research questions used to achieve the above purpose were; what is the relationship between empowerment, and OCB, trust and OCB, and employee engagement and OCB. A conceptual framework relating the independent variables to the dependent variable was developed. A cross sectional survey design was used to collect quantitative data. The researcher used simple random sampling and questionnaires were developed to collect data from respondents. A representative sample of 376 respondents was selected from targeted population 545. The researcher used two regression models on employees? and supervisors? views on dependent variable (OCB) and both regression results revealed a significant positive relationship (r =.50, p ? .01) and (r =.41, p, ? .01) respectively between empowerment and OCB. This is an indication that empowerment was the most significant predictor of OCB .While there exist conflicting views among employees and supervisors on relationship between trust and employees engagement and the dependent variable (OCB). The regression analysis on employees? views indicates significant positive relationship between engagement and OCB, while the opposite is true in the regression analysis on supervisors? view. However, the regression analysis on supervisors? views indicates significant positive relationship between trust and OCB and the opposite is true with the result from employees view on trust. However, given the conflicting views on trust and employee engagement still we recommended that management should adopt supportive organizational practices, policies and procedures as a priority, continuous monitoring of empowerment, trust, and engagement climate if OCB is to be exhibited by employees. Length: 64 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 160-223 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=24&rid=52 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100052 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Altruism, habitual late reporting and early departure, absenteeism and irresponsible behaviors, engagement, organizational compliance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alan Canestrari Author-Name-First: Alan Author-Name-Last: Canestrari Author-Email: acanestrari@rwu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island Author-Name: Bruce Marlowe Author-Name-First: Bruce Author-Name-Last: Marlowe Author-Email: bmarlowe@rwu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Roger Williams University Author-Name: Marilyn Page Author-Name-First: Marilyn Author-Name-Last: Page Author-Email: drmarilynpage@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Independent consultant (formerly Penn State) Title: Sustaining Change Through Inquiry-Based Professional Development Abstract: This study was based on a series of professional development workshops held over a two-year period with the entire complement of history and social studies teachers (n = 53) in a large mid-western school district in the United States. The primary purpose of this study was to discover which factors were perceived to be most powerful in contributing to the sustainability of district-wide change. The workshops offered a practical guide to help teachers understand the tenets of constructivism; presented a compelling argument for why an inquiry-based pedagogy is more powerful than are traditional models of social studies instruction; modeled constructivist approaches for the classroom; and guided teachers through the design, development, implementation, and analysis of constructivist teaching practices. Informal contact with administrators 2 years after the completion of the professional development workshops revealed that their teachers were continuing to engage in constructivist teaching practice. This led, naturally, to questions about which factors were contributing to this positive outcome. The primary objective of this study was to examine teacher and administrator perceptions regarding the features, in the view of teachers, that were most powerful in contributing to the sustainability of district-wide change with respect to constructivist teaching practice. As numerous authors have documented (e.g., Canestrari & Marlowe, 2012; Page & Marlowe, 2000; Schwahn & Spady, 1998) there are significant obstacles to sustaining systemic change over time within school districts, particularly when teachers lack opportunities to influence the substance, direction, and pace of that change. Unfortunately, many districts view professional development as an opportunity to communicate top-down mandates to teachers, despite a vast literature underscoring the futility of this approach (see for example, Hohenbrink, J., Johnston, M., & Westhoven, L., 1997; Marlowe & Page, 2005). Our data, collected over a four-year period, reveals that sustained change is likely when professional development is intentionally designed to: support teacher learning in safe, non-evaluative environments; promote teacher autonomy; encourage teachers to assume leadership roles in curricular and instructional matters; provide opportunities for teachers to share their practice with their colleagues; and foster collaborative relationships between teachers and school administrators. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 224-224 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=25&rid=815 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100815 Classification-JEL: Keywords: inquiry, constructivism, professional development Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Klara Cermakova Author-Name-First: Klara Author-Name-Last: Cermakova Author-Email: klara.kaderabkova@centrum.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics Title: Convergence and global inequalities Abstract: The main objective of the research is to find, identify and explain main trends and factors of convergence or divergence between economies and to discuss its conseguences for global inequality and possible future inequality trends. On a dataset of HDP per capita in a group of 150 countries over 30 years it is tested if there is any absolute or relative/conditioned convergence between countries. The regression analysis of the absolute convergence unsuprisingly shows that countries with low HDP per capita do not grow any faster than the rich countries, that the absolute inequality scissiors are opening. The related literature points out that countries may converge under condition that they belong to the same region, that is within geographically neer countries there is a high probability that poorer countries will grow economically faster that rich countries in this region. The author in this paper chooses trade liberalization as the condition for convergence and performs the regression analysis on the group of countries belonging to WTO. This test showed that the dependence of GDP per capita growth on the initial GDP per capita was positive but extremly weak (R2 =0,0116). It is found that trade liberalization under the WTO does not help member countries to converge and external inequality does not decrease. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 225-225 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=26&rid=337 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100337 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Convergence, Global inecqualities Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Noraziah Che Arshad Author-Name-First: Noraziah Author-Name-Last: Che Arshad Author-Email: noraziaharshad@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Utara Malaysia Author-Name: Roza Hazli Zakaria Author-Name-First: Roza Hazli Author-Name-Last: Zakaria Author-Email: roza@um.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: University of Malaya Author-Name: Ahmad Azam Sulaiman @ Mohamad Author-Name-First: Ahmad Azam Author-Name-Last: Sulaiman @ Mohamad Author-Email: ahmadazams@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Malaya Title: The influence of displaced commercial risk on bank profitability in Islamic banking institutions Abstract: Islamic banks are exposed to a unique risk such as Displaced Commercial Risk (DCR). DCR arises from the assets managed on behalf of the investment account holders which may be borne by the Islamic bank?s own capital, when the Islamic banks forgo part or all of its share of profits on the investment account holders funds, in order to increase the return to the investment account holders. In a dual banking system, DCR could be a threat to the Islamic banks given the competition of fixed and higher return from the conventional banks. However, DCR would not be a threat to Islamic banks if their account holders choose Islamic banks due to religious obligatory factor. Pertaining to this issue, this paper aims to examine whether DCR is a threat to Islamic banks? profitability in the case of Malaysia. For that purpose, a model is set up to estimate bank profitability. The model includes other bank specific characteristics and macroeconomic variables as control variables to avoid omitted variables bias. We find that DCR is one of the factor that affects bank profitability, at least in the case of Malaysian Islamic banks. This empirical evidence implies that Islamic banks operating in a dual banking system are affected by displaced commercial risk. Hence, it should be one of the banks? risk management concern. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 226-226 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=27&rid=807 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100807 Classification-JEL: C23, E30, G21 Keywords: Islamic Banks; Return On Assets; Displaced Commercial Risk; Bank Profitability; Investment Account Holders; Profit Sharing Investment Account. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Volkan Cicek Author-Name-First: Volkan Author-Name-Last: Cicek Author-Email: volkancicek@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Zirve University Author-Name: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hidayet Tok Author-Name-First: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hidayet Author-Name-Last: Tok Author-Email: hidayet.tok@zirve.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Zirve University Title: Effective Use of Lesson Plans to Enhance Education in U.S. and Turkish Kindergarten thru 12th Grade Public School System: A Comparative Study Abstract: In this study, first lesson plans as they are practiced in U.S. educational system are reviewed followed by the Turkish case, and then areas where the two overlap and differ are explained afterwards. Therefore, first daily, overall yearly, and substitute teacher lesson plans are reviewed as they are implemented in the U.S. system. Commonly implemented lesson plan practices include the concept or objectives to be taught, time block, procedures to be used, required materials, questions, independent practice, and evaluation. Ways of writing and implementing lesson plans are reviewed taking into account effective use of class time and classroom management by having positive expectations for student by administering routines about beginning and ending the class and about possible transitions and interruptions that might occur during the class, e.g. taking attendance, addressing the students who missed the work, dealing with students who are tardy, etc by taking into account extracurricular academic activities such as daily starter or warm-up or bell-work extra credit work such as puzzles, brain treasurers, reading assignments, e.g. within Accelerated Reader (A/R) program, etc. for students who finish class assignments early. More effective use of lesson plans via incorporation of C-Scope program into Kindergarten thru 12th grade United States public schoolsâ?? academic program is examined. C-Scope is a curriculum support system that is fully aligned to the state mandated curricula designed to provide a common language, process and structure for curriculum development. In Turkish case, There are mainly two types of plans. One of them is unit -based yearly plan and the other one is lesson plan. Unit-based yearly plans are designed by Branch Teachers' Council at beginning of academic year and it is delivered to school administration. Lesson plan is a plan of subject matter that can be studied in a class period or in a few classes period. The teacher is responsible for planning it. Guidebooks prepared by Ministry of Education can be also used instead of lesson plans. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 227-238 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=28&rid=192 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100192 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Administrivia, audio-visuals, bell-work, extracurricular, treasurers Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Olgun Çiçek Author-Name-First: Olgun Author-Name-Last: Çiçek Author-Email: ha_amedy@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Girne American University Author-Name: Hakar Mohammed Author-Name-First: Hakar Author-Name-Last: Mohammed Author-Email: ha_amedy@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Girne American University Title: Testing The Relationship Between Total Quality Management Practices and Performance - An Applied Study at Girne American University Abstract: Universities and institutions of higher education have not had transaction of competing for market share. However more recently, the trend is changing and to survive both private and public institutions must not only attract and retain a sizable number of students and staff but also provide qualitative educational services. In order to survive in the market, Total Quality Management practices already being applied in the corporate world is gradually finding its way into higher education management. This empirical research examines the relationship between total quality management (TQM) practices and performance at Girne American University (GAU). Five determinates of TQM practices were identified which includes Leadership, Strategic quality planning, Customer focus, Training, and Employee Involvement. The quantitative data were obtained through a survey of 118 students at GAU. This study supports the hypotheses that there is a different in outcomes when TQM is adopted at university. In addition, there is a positive relationship between TQM practices and university performance level. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 239-251 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=29&rid=615 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100615 Classification-JEL: M19, I23 Keywords: TQM, TQM and Higher Education, TQM Practices, University Performance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Lokman Coskun Author-Name-First: Lokman Author-Name-Last: Coskun Author-Email: lcoskun@beder.edu.al Author-Workplace-Name: Hëna e Plotë Bedër University Title: Satisfaction Versus Motivation in EFL Teaching Environment: a case private university Abstract: Student satisfaction is considered an important factor in terms of quality in competitive educational arena and education is taking a vital role in national development. Further, private education is thriving and improving service quality becomes competitive in educational environment, for there is an increasing interest and up to date standard service in respect of universities which are both necessarily required and expected from respective students.This survey attempted to investigate the essential factors on student satisfaction. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approach was employed in this study. In the context of active learning environment, this study can be utilized to assess and measure perceived university satisfaction to acquire and validate an instrument. The objectives of the survey were to identify student expectations from the university for their future success, to clarify the importance of educational environment on student satisfaction, to identify the better environment which fosters success and also to identify which facilities are available to give students the ground to support in their study and which are not available currently. In this study, the questionnaire was done for measuring the student satisfaction on university considering six-factors to acquire students? responses and identifying their approaches with respect to studying in higher education. The main aim is to identify and evaluate those factors which affect student satisfaction in private university environment. During study, a questionnaire was given to students around 500, A 342 return was received. The questionnaire was done in two sections separately in order to compare student views about university in general and in particular accordingly. This study revealed that satisfaction model of education gives a ground to student-centered learning that causes effective teaching/learning, improves communication skills, and supportive learning environment. Institutional evaluation seems indispensable in the competitive educational environmentThe results demonstrated that students give more importance to academic staff, teaching, and relationships apart from technology, administration, and campus facilities. The results require that private educational institutions should take into consideration these 6 factors while allocating their resources for satisfying student expectation as well as competing with the challenging educational world. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 252-262 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=30&rid=928 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100928 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: private education, student satisfaction/expectation/motivation, service quality, university administration, competitive, educational environment Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100928 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hossein Daeezadeh Author-Name-First: Hossein Author-Name-Last: Daeezadeh Author-Email: daeizadeh@bandargaziau.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Alireza Homayouni Author-Name-First: Alireza Author-Name-Last: Homayouni Author-Email: homaiony@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Babak Hosseinzadeh Author-Name-First: Babak Author-Name-Last: Hosseinzadeh Author-Email: hosseinzadeh2002@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran Author-Name: Hossein Fakorihajiyar Author-Name-First: Hossein Author-Name-Last: Fakorihajiyar Author-Email: dr.fakori@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran Title: Investigation the role of personality traits in learning mathematics and academic achievement in students of distance education system Abstract: Introduction & Aim: The Big Five are the ingredients that make up each individual's personality. A person might have a dash of openness, a lot of conscientiousness, an average amount of extraversion, plenty of agreeableness and almost no neuroticism at all. Or someone could be disagreeable, neurotic, introverted, conscientious and hardly open at all. S, the purpose of the study was investigation the role of personality traits in learning mathematics and academic achievement in students of distance education system. Method: The statistical populations were 200 students from distance education students system of Mazandaran province that were randomly selected and responded to five - factor personality test (NEO - FFI). Total scores of general mathematics and average of the last semester and results were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, variance and standard deviation) and inferential statistics with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed negative and significant correlation between Neuroticism with learning mathematics and academic achievement, and positive and significant correlation among Extroversion, Openness to new experiences, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness with learning mathematics and academic achievement. Conclusion: The findings showed that personality factors are good predictors of learning mathematics and academic achievement in students of distance education system. Personality factors can be associated with effective and satisfactory learning that influence on individual?s perceptions about learning environment especially in students of distance education system. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 263-263 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=31&rid=78 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100078 Classification-JEL: Keywords: personality traits, learning mathematics, academic achievement, distance education Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100078 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Datok Dalyop Author-Name-First: Daniel Datok Author-Name-Last: Dalyop Author-Email: dandalyop2013@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Plateau State University, Bokkos Title: Conflicts Among Indigenous Ethnic Groups In Jos North Local Government Area Abstract: Conflict is a part and parcel of society. As long as there are people on the planet earth, there are bound to be conflicts in one form or another. However, problems arises when these conflicts become violent. Violent conflicts are ill-winds that blows no one no good. Nigeria, like other countries of the World, has in the recent years been engulfed in one form of conflict or the other, with its attendant loss of precious lives and properties among others. Be that as it may, Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State-Nigeria, had over the years been one of the most peaceful places in the State in particular and Nigeria in general. This was because of its sereneness and near temperate climate. However, the area has recently been in the news (local and international) for the wrong reasons. This is because of the ethno religious conflicts that suddenly erupted in the area between the indigenous ethnic groups(Afizere,Anaguta and Berom people), who are predominantly Christians, and their opponents,the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group,who are Muslims.So many innocent,helpless,and precious lives were lost, and valuable properties destroyed. In another development,there is a \'cold-war-like\' conflict among the Indigenous ethnic groups in the area. It is \'cold-war-like\' because no clear case of confrontation has been recorded. At this juncture,it is worth reiterating that the conflicts within the Jos metropolis is in two-fold.First, between the indigenous ethnic groups and their Hausa-Fulani opponents. Secondly,is the conflict within the indigenous ethnic groups themselves. However,nothing or little is known about the existence of the latter conflict. Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to critically research,examine,and expose the areas of conflicts within the indigenous ethnic groups in the area. This study will adopt research methodologies that are based on observation,oral interviews, academic materials like books,journals and so on. It is hoped that this research will go a long way in exposing the areas and magnitude of conflicts within the indigenous ethnic groups in the area. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 264-264 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=32&rid=110 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100110 Classification-JEL: D74 Keywords: Conflict, Indigenous and ethnic groups Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: JANIANTON DAMANIK Author-Name-First: JANIANTON Author-Name-Last: DAMANIK Author-Email: antondmk@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA Title: STAKEHOLDERS' PARTNERSHIP IN AGRIMARINE-BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Abstract: Agrimarine-Based Tourism (ABT) serves as an advantage and opportunity for developing tourism in the archipelagic countries like Indonesia. The agrimarine-based tourism in Indonesia is hugely rich in potential thanks to thousands of small islands with amazing tourist attractions, which are supported by the agricultural and marine products as the supporting resources for tourism development. To make the best use of the huge potential, the stakeholders' partnership plays an important role by integrating their influences and interests into a specific goal. Unfortunately, such a strategic role is rarely well implemented in various tourist destinations. Based on a two months field research in Eastern Indonesia, this paper explains the factors influencing the weakness of ABT stakeholders' partnership, which, among others, are the inability to define the their own strategic role and function, no firm and consistent policy direction, low commitment to common goals, misperception about the targeted ABT development, and no regulation which brings a common interest in ABT development. The study pointed out that the stakeholders have been aware of these factors as the weak points for accelerating ABT development. Further, the linkage of ABT stakeholdersâ?? role and function was explored as the basis for preparing the program of each stakeholder and the promotional regulation for ABT development. Keywords: stakeholders, partnership, agrimarine, tourism, Indonesia Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 265-265 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=33&rid=73 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100073 Classification-JEL: H70, L83 Keywords: stakeholders, partnership, agro-marine, tourism, Indonesia Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100073 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: John Danfulani Author-Name-First: John Author-Name-Last: Danfulani Author-Email: Johndanfulani@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kaduna State University Title: BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY: A RE-VISIT TO ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES FREE MOVEMENT POLICY Abstract: BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY: A RE-VISIT TO ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES FREE MOVEMENT POLICY ABSTRACT Nigeria is facing security challenges occasioned by activities of a terrorist group called Boko Haram. The main objective of the group is establishment of an Islamic Theocracy with 7th century Wahhabis dictum enunciated in the Quran and Hadith. Boko Haram have demonstrated capacity to perpetrate act of terror in both military and civilian zones in most parts of Northern Nigeria and Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Testimonies of BOKO HARAM combatants caught in action and surviving victims established the fact that, most of the top echelon and other ranks are citizens of neighbouring States who used ECOWAS citizens free movement agreement to come into the country, and most of them without their national identification papers. Because of this development and its threat to national security, Nigeria needs to weigh the implication of upholding clause warranting unhindered entry and exit of citizens of neighbouring countries. It is possible to be a member of the Sub-regional body and pull out of the clause of free movement of citizens, consequent to the insecurity facing the nation. Once that is done, threat and capacity to unleashed terror by Boko Haram will be drastically scaled down to negligible proportions. National interest and survival should supersede any sub-regional solidarity policy that is becoming a threat to the survival of the state and the wellbeing of its citizens. Keywords: Boko Haram, ECOWAS, Free Movement and Security Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 266-277 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=34&rid=99 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100099 Classification-JEL: A30, A39, A32 Keywords: Boko Haram, ECOWAS, Free Movement and Security Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100099 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Maryam Davodi-Far Author-Name-First: Maryam Author-Name-Last: Davodi-Far Author-Email: mdavodi-far@nu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: National University Title: Urban Sprawl Abstract: Prior to the 19th and 20th centuries, the idea and/or concept of urban sprawl had not existed. The term urban sprawl was generated around the second half of the 20th century due to the accelerated growth of suburban areas. Although loosely defined; by general definition urban sprawl is known as ?The unplanned, uncontrolled spreading of urban development into areas adjoining the edge of a city? Still, urban sprawl has become a controversial issue raising numerous concerns due to the negative impacts it creates on a person?s health, the environment, wildlife habitat, and racial and economic disparity among several other issues. Nonetheless, because all cities are unique in design and services, each will have to establish policies and procedures regarding sprawl that fit their specific needs. Civilizing our current development tools and strategies is essential to achieving successful end results. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 278-278 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=35&rid=1087 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101087 Classification-JEL: N90 Keywords: Urban renewal, urban development, sustainability Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101087 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SEYITHAN DEMIRDAG Author-Name-First: SEYITHAN Author-Name-Last: DEMIRDAG Author-Email: sdemirdag@ou.edu Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA Title: Student Engagement and Writing Tasks in Science Classrooms Abstract: In science classrooms, students have difficulty understanding the terminology and new vocabularies used in science textbooks. In addition, science concepts and facts are challenging for most students. However, informational text or science concepts are not too difficult if students are able to use science vocabulary and language in writing. Incorporating writing tasks in science content and across content area will support full student participation in science learning activities. This paper summarizes the negative effects of lack of writing literacy in science classrooms, and points out the scarcity of writing tasks in core content areas such as science. In addition, it emphasizes the positive impacts of writing tasks as it promotes student engagement in a wide variety of scientific writing activities such as taking notes following hands-on activities, writing summaries following small-group reading from the texts, using concise data in graphs, and extending newly learned science concepts. Moreover, the paper provides an example of writing task and aligns with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), which are currently used in Oklahoma, USA. The writing task is implemented in a middle school science classroom with the collaboration of science teacher and language arts teacher. Lastly, it enables science teachers to use a writing rubric in order to analyze how students use their imagination to articulate and organize scientific ideas. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 279-286 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=36&rid=183 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100183 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Student engagement, writing tasks, science literacy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SEYITHAN DEMIRDAG Author-Name-First: SEYITHAN Author-Name-Last: DEMIRDAG Author-Email: sdemirdag@ou.edu Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA Title: Addressing the Educational Needs of Students with Learning Disabilities in Science Classrooms Abstract: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) are the federal laws made in the United States (US), and claim that schools are accountable for the success of students with special needs and school responsibilities must be demonstrated through Individualized Education Program (IEP), which outline specific instructional accommodations, modifications, and effective evaluations. Historically, students with learning disabilities (SLD) receive services either in a resource room, a self-contained special education, or inclusive settings where they receive special education services within the general education classroom. Even though federal laws shifted the focus on how to effectively educate SLD, it appears that these students continue to fall behind their non-disabled peers in regular education classrooms in many subjects including science. Teaching science to SLD in inclusive classrooms is a challenging task for science teachers as the numbers of SLD has grown in such classrooms. This paper summarizes the effects of collaboration among teachers, setting high learning goals, effective teaching strategies, and providing some basic modifications with SLD in a 6th grade inclusive science classroom in an urban school district in a Western State. The paper also guides science teachers to incorporate some example lessons in their lesson plans for meaningful learning. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 287-293 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=37&rid=329 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100329 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Science, special education, teaching strategies, learning goals, modifications Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Neslihan Demirtas Milz Author-Name-First: Neslihan Author-Name-Last: Demirtas Milz Author-Email: neslihan.demirtas@ieu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics Sociology Department Title: A Critical Reading of Filipino Transnationalism in Dubai Abstract: Everyday conditions of economic hardship and social exclusion produce strong feelings of isolation from city space for low-level construction/service workers in Dubai. On the other hand, the professional upper-middle classes seem to transcend their expatriate/outsider (migrant) position as they embrace advantages of fully integrating with consumer spaces of the city and their participation in broader civic life. In-between these two polar migrant experiences with integration, is situated is situated a third one, which has not been elaborated in detail in the literature: The conditions of young Asian migrants who are university/college graduates and who have strong international communicational skills. This paper draws upon a research that was conducted in 2011 on young migrants (between ages 20-30) from Philippines with such qualities who are working in the shopping malls of Dubai as sales personnel. Within the framework of the research, I conducted 30 in-depth interviews that last 60 minutes each on average. The main quest of this paper is to understand the factors that define the nature of Filipino transnationalism in Dubai. The socio-economic differences among these young Filipino migrants not only define their perception of the city and possibilities of integration with Dubai's social space but also define the nature of their transnational relations back with Philippines. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 294-294 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=38&rid=139 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100139 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Transnationalism. Filipino migrants, Dubai, migration policy, socio-spatial integration. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Dhamo Author-Name-First: Ana Author-Name-Last: Dhamo Author-Email: anadhamo@libero.it Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana Author-Name: Iris Dhamo Author-Name-First: Iris Author-Name-Last: Dhamo Author-Email: irisdhamo@libero.it Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana Title: Habeas data: new judicial guarantee in public law of Latin America Abstract: In this conference we want to make our contribution in the theme " Habeas data: new judicial guarantee in public law of Latin America ", concept of habeas data, origin and evolution, regulatory developments of the right-guarantee habeas data in the Latin America, experience of Colombia, Brasil, Venezuela and Costa Rica, legal interests protected, active and passive subjects.The first theme that we want to discuss is related to the basic concept of habeas data, its origin and regulatory development, the regulatory and judicial development in the Latin America Continent. In second place we have analized some tipical realities of Latin America, so that we can observe, through the constitutional paper, the respect and the rules for the application of this right- guarantee of third generation. The third theme in which was focused our study is related to the analysis of active and passive subjects, legitimate in the application of the right-guarantee of habeas data, the legal interest protected, legal and procedural aspects of this right-guarantee. Analitic study related to the guarantee of habeas data in the founding charts of the countries included in this study;Fields of application, legitimate of application and procedural aspects related; Comparative analysis of reality.Raise awareness of the Albanian legislator to build and include, at constitutional level, through the forms of constitutional review provided, the right-law of habeas data. Lead the albanian citizens to learn, update and rectify the informations concerning the protection of fundamental rights related whith the privacy and honour. Make the necessary constitutional revisions provided, with the purposes of including in the constitution the right-guarantee of habeas data. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 295-303 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=39&rid=811 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100811 Classification-JEL: K39 Keywords: Habeas data, concept, origin, Colombia, Brasil, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Albania, active and passive subjects, public law. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Konstantins Didenko Author-Name-First: Konstantins Author-Name-Last: Didenko Author-Email: vladjans@latnet.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Riga Technical University Author-Name: Vitalijs Jurenoks Author-Name-First: Vitalijs Author-Name-Last: Jurenoks Author-Email: vitalijs.jurenoks@rtu.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Riga Technical University Author-Name: Vladimirs Jansons Author-Name-First: Vladimirs Author-Name-Last: Jansons Author-Email: vladjans@latnet.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Riga Technical University Author-Name: Viktors Nespors Author-Name-First: Viktors Author-Name-Last: Nespors Author-Email: vitalijs.jurenoks@rtu.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Riga Technical University Title: METHODOLOGY OF APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL MODELLING FOR RISK ASSESSMENT Abstract: Risk assessment is one of the major challenges that must be addressed by each insurance company. To assess risk we need to know the value of losses as well as the probability of losses, since the risk cost is the basic component in evaluating the insurance indemnity. Statistical methods should be used for objective evaluation of insurance processes, but because of complexity in real life processes of insurance, statistical modelling techniques would be preferable. It is particularly important to develop and practically apply these methods in Latvia as in recent years (starting from 1992) the insurance market in Latvia has experienced steady growth. To improve the competitiveness of the insurance companies, especially small companies, it is simply impossible to do without methods allowing us to estimate the parameters of the insurance process. Taking this into consideration it becomes important to study information systems related to the processes of insurance and to use modern information technologies for processing the available empirical information and the dynamic scenario forecasting performance of the insurance process taking into account different assumptions about the factors that could affect the insurance process. The article deals with the various statistical models that assess the risks and losses of the insurance company allowing us to simplify the calculation of insurance premiums, insurance reserves and assess the financial stability of the insurance company with a sufficiently wide range of parameters of the real process of insurance. At the present time transition from local information systems to corporate information systems based on network technologies is being accomplished in the Baltic countries. Therefore, in the future it is important to include such statistical models into the integrated European information system of processing insurance information. Length: 23 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 304-326 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=40&rid=275 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100275 Classification-JEL: C10, C14, C15 Keywords: financial stability, risk statistical modelling, nonparametric methods Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: GABRIELLA DONATIELLO Author-Name-First: GABRIELLA Author-Name-Last: DONATIELLO Author-Email: donatiel@istat.it Author-Workplace-Name: ITALIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS - ISTAT Author-Name: MARCELLO D'ORAZIO Author-Name-First: MARCELLO Author-Name-Last: D'ORAZIO Author-Email: madorazi@istat.it Author-Workplace-Name: ISTAT Author-Name: DORIANA FRATTAROLA Author-Name-First: DORIANA Author-Name-Last: FRATTAROLA Author-Email: frattarola@istat.it Author-Workplace-Name: ISTAT Author-Name: ANTONY RIZZI Author-Name-First: ANTONY Author-Name-Last: RIZZI Author-Email: anrizzi@istat.it Author-Workplace-Name: ISTAT Author-Name: MAURO SCANU Author-Name-First: MAURO Author-Name-Last: SCANU Author-Email: scanu@istat.it Author-Workplace-Name: ISTAT Author-Name: MATTIA SPAZIANI Author-Name-First: MATTIA Author-Name-Last: SPAZIANI Author-Email: mspaziani@istat.it Author-Workplace-Name: ISTAT Title: Statistical matching of income and consumption expenditures Abstract: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using appropriate instruments to measure household living conditions. Actually defining material living condition needs to consider the level of consumption as well as the economic resources in terms of income and wealth that enable household consumption of goods and services. Collecting information on the joint distribution of income, consumption and wealth at the micro level poses several difficulties for National Statistical Institutes. In particular, setting up a new survey is unfeasible because of budget constraints as well as a significant reporting burden on respondents given the high amount of data to be collected in a single survey. As a result a better exploitation of existing data sources becomes of vital importance and statistical matching techniques could represent a valid alternative for producing statistics on the distribution of variables not jointly collected in a single survey. However several critical issues need to be taken into account for assessing the quality of the results and of the whole matching process. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of applying statistical matching on two different data sources to create an integrated database with detailed information on households income and consumption expenditures in Italy. The data to integrate are those of EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Condition) 2012, with income reference year 2011, and the HBS (Household Budget Survey) 2011. Both surveys are conducted by ISTAT. This paper explores which are the matching approaches more suitable with the final objective and provides insights concerning some important steps of the integration process. It is worth noting that in our case it is not possible to perform statistical matching under the conditional independence assumption (CIA, independence between income and consumption given some common information in both the data sources). To avoid the CIA it is evaluated the usage of the available auxiliary information (e.g. household monthly income, housing costs). In alternative, the statistical matching approach based on the exploration of the uncertainty due to the absence of joint information on households expenditures, income and wealth is considered. In order to improve the quality of the matching procedure the advantage in having a more efficient ex-ante data collection system as well as a better harmonization of common variables of SILC and HBS and other important social surveys is discussed. The main results related to the integrated data set are finally presented. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 327-342 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=41&rid=965 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100965 Classification-JEL: C15, C14 Keywords: Statistical matching, Survey data integration, Income, Consumption Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100965 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Abiola Theresa Dopamu Author-Name-First: Abiola Theresa Author-Name-Last: Dopamu Author-Email: byolajibbs@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Ilorin Title: A Socio-Religious Evaluation of Predestination, Destiny and Faith Among the Africans. Abstract: Africans believe that whatever happens to man in life has already been decided by God and is unalterable. The Yoruba believe that man chooses his destiny while coming into the world. Man kneels down to choose his lot before the presence of God and Orunmila (divinity) and God sanctions it. But according to Awolalu and Dopamu, man's destiny is unalterable except by the deities, wicked people , what man does on his own free-will , bad head (lot), and man's character. Philosophers like J. Omoregbe, critics like R. C. Sproul, Universal thinkers like H. Ballou, C. S. Lewis and Calvanists, believe that God has the final authority over man, that man is compelled to certain situations in life, irrespective of faith. Scientists like S. Kosslyn, R. Rosenberg and others submit that, gene affects and plays a major role in shaping man's abilities. Behavioural genetic researchers succinctly observe that heritability of various characteristics occur in specific environments, and gene contributes a certain amount of differences among people in particular environment, and the environments contribute a certain amount of such differences when people have particular genes. J. Edwards, succinctly states that as external force, which can affect a person's actions, compel him and lead him to an action. Some however, do not believe in predestination, destiny or fate. It is on this premise, that this paper seeks to assess: the extent to which predestination is evident, the extent to which faith works, and the extent to which God permits man have his own permissive will, which either works according to God's own planned way of salvation or damnation. This paper also examines: the relevance of faith in the face of fate, and the determinant of man's existence: fate or faith? In order to achieve the objectives of study, this paper therefore adopted the use of historical, descriptive and interpretative methods of research. From various arguments, observations, theories and historical documents, this paper finally concludes that: Christs' atonement is unlimited in its benefits, salvation is by grace save from good works, man's faith is tested at any point in time by God, God carries out His plans differently when dealing with men who have faith and those who do not have, God is the determiner of man's destiny, God has every authority, power and will over his creations, man is therefore compelled (to die) at God's own right time. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 343-357 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=42&rid=21 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100021 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Socio-Religious, Predestination, Destiny, Fate, Akunleyan, Akunlegba, Ayanmo, Afowofa, iwa (character), Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Dumlao Author-Name-First: Luis Author-Name-Last: Dumlao Author-Email: ldumlao@ateneo.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Ateneo de Manila University Title: The relationship between dynamic price and dynamic unemployment: the case of the CE-3 and the Baltic Tigers Abstract: Convention specifies the relationship between price and unemployment in terms of the Phillips curve (PC) where inflation and the rate of unemployment are correlated. This paper argues that the relationship is ambiguous. In the aggregate supply (AS) curve, price and output are both in levels at a given time. But in the PC, price represented by inflation is its change through time while unemployment represented by its rate is frozen at a given time. This paper uses a variant of the PC that is more consistent with the relationship between price and output as depicted in the AS curve. In the variant specification, price as represented by inflation and unemployment as represented by the rate of change in the level of unemployment net of employment are both changes through time. The relationship between price and unemployment using convention and its variant is tested on Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the pooled data. The Expectations Augmented (EA) is able to track a negative relation between inflation and unemployment better than the New Keynesian (NK) is able. Within the EA runs, the convention is able to track the same negative relation better than the variant, but one has to be cautious given the implied results. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 358-358 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=43&rid=114 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100114 Classification-JEL: E24, E31 Keywords: Employment, Unemployment, Inflation, Central Europe Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: FAT?H DURGUN Author-Name-First: FAT?H Author-Name-Last: DURGUN Author-Email: fatih.durgun@omu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: ONDOKUZ MAYIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETING Title: REMEMBERING ROUSSEAU?S DISCOURSE ON POLITICAL ECONOMY AS A COUNTER-ENLIGHTENMENT MANIFESTATION Abstract: The French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) has expressed strident criticism of what he perceived to be the Enlightenment contractualism in Lockean sense and offered his own alternative of republican political theory against it. Moreover, he has very plainly rejected the enlightened confidence in technological progress as a necessary condition in the formation of modern civilization. These two aspects of his political theory have been rightly considered as the preliminary examples of Europe-wide Counter-Enlightenment thought. However, Rousseau?s views on political economy have not much been evaluated for a clear understanding of his Counter-Enlightenment position. This paper will first concentrate on possible reasons for why Rousseau?s work has not become a source of discussion within the nexus of Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment. At the second level, the paper will discuss that the lack of references to the mechanisms of commercial society and Enlightenment notions of political economy in his work actually makes it a Counter-Enlightenment tract. In this sense, this paper optimistically suggests that the anatomizing of Rousseau?s views on political economy will be an attempt not only to fill an important gap in Rousseau?s Counter-Enlightenment thought but also it will offer a new insight for the general framework of Counter-Enlightenment political economy. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 359-367 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=44&rid=583 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100583 Classification-JEL: B12, Y70, A14 Keywords: Rousseau, political economy, enlightenment, counter-enlightenment, General Will, republican political theory. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ELSANOSI ELDOKALI Author-Name-First: ELSANOSI Author-Name-Last: ELDOKALI Author-Email: eeldokali@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SIRTE UNIVERSITY Title: A LINGUISTIC AND TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF CLASSROOM ENGLISH INTERACTION AT SIRTE UNIVERSITY IN LIBYA Abstract: As English spreads and becomes a dominant language of power in global commerce, science, and technology, the need to teach and learn through it has also grown. It is not surprising that the aim of most education curriculum around the world, including the Arabic governments, has been developed to suit the curriculum of teaching and learning English inside their countries. Libya is one of the Arab countries where the government has invested heavily in the English language teaching curriculum, which is geared towards improving the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language (EFL) in schools and universities. The aim of this emphasis on the teaching and learning of English is to enable Libya to catch up in the development of its economy and to promote international exchange. However, in spite of the government?s efforts towards improving English language learning, there have been claims from various quarters in the education field that students at all education levels are not performing successfully in the language, with regard to literacy and the four language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Very few studies have been done so far on teaching English in Arabic countries in Africa and classroom interactions in the Arabic social context, especially at the university level. Hence, this study was undertaken using a qualitative research design, and the data was collected through classroom observation and a questionnaire issued to the lecturers in Sirte University in Sirte, Libya. Recommendations and suggestions are offered, based on the findings of this research. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 368-380 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=45&rid=898 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100898 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Linguistics, Competency, Discourse Analysis, social context. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nurit Elhanan Author-Name-First: Nurit Author-Name-Last: Elhanan Author-Email: nuritpeled@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Hebrew University and David Yellin academic college Title: The (mis) Representation of Palesiniansin Israeli schoolbooks Abstract: The paper is a summary of my on-going research regarding the representation of "others" in Israeli schoolbooks. It presents a multimodal analysis of the (mis)representation of Palestinians in schoolbooks of History, Geography and Civic Studies. The analysis is based on social semiotic inquiry whose main principle is that no sign is neutral, every sign is "engages" and represents the interest and ideology of sign makers. The paper examines texts and genres, images, maps, icons, graphs and photographs and the relationships between them in order to understand the ideology underlying these representations.Schoolbooks are still a very powerful tool for the creation of identity and world view and for the reproduction of national narratives. They are used by the state in order to create a "usuable past" for the present and future and to legitimate the state's actions. In the case of Israel, they have to legitimate the occupation of Palestine and the state of exception in which Palestinians have been living for over a generation. All schoolbooks in Israel are all meant to reproduce and strengthen the Zionist territorial identity of Jewish students. This identity is that of a modern Western Jew who is the direct descendent of Biblical Hebrews.The discourse of identity is also the discourse of exclusion. In Israel both Jewish and non-Jewish groups are excluded from this discourse, both verbally and visually. These groups include the Palestinian citizens and non-citizens, "oriental" Jews, Ethiopian Jews, ultra-orthodox Jews and non-Zionist personalities, to name but few.How are Palestinians represented? What is said or shown about them?The first question relates to the types of discourse and other semiotic devices used to represent "others" while the second question relates to the verbal and visual content of this representation, namely what ideas and values do we associate with these people and with what means?Palestinians are seldom represented at all though they constitute 20% of the population of citizens and more than half the population dominated by Israeli government. When depicted it is always in the margins of school texts, as problems and threat, as homogeneous unchanging groups and stereotypes, characterized by permanent negative qualities that are "in their blood" and not as modern, industrious, independent individuals. This is what constitutes them as "others", who don?t belong with 'us'. This racist representation promotes narrow nationalism and cultural-differential racism, which is later enacted in other domain of life such as army. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 381-381 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=46&rid=694 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100694 Classification-JEL: I24, I24, I21 Keywords: Palestinians, Social semtiotics, multimodal analysis, racist discourse Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa ER Author-Name-First: Mustafa Author-Name-Last: ER Author-Email: m.er@hho.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Air Force Academy Author-Name: Ünal ARI Author-Name-First: Ünal Author-Name-Last: ARI Author-Email: uari@hho.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Air Force Academy Title: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM A CURRICULAR PERSPECTIVE Abstract: Education is one of the most effective tools to shape the world and solve its problems. Furthermore the earth and its well-being is heavily dependent upon the education and the number of educated inhabitants who are well aware of the fact that the resources are limited and the environmental protection is essential for the future of the human race. Taking this fact into consideration, the focal point of this paper will be environmental education and sustainable development. Admitting the fact that curricula of educational institutions and educational approaches cannot be the only cure to the environmental problems, they can be used as invaluable tools to develop environmental awareness and help sustainable development. By the help of instructors and educational administrators, educational programs could be developed in such a way that they not only include traditional school subjects like mathematics, science, and reading but also involve courses and/or projects aiming at developing environmental competence of the learners. Designing the programs interdisciplinary approaches rather than traditional ones would be of great contribution to provide the society with citizens respecting the natural resources as social assets. In this respect teachers play an important role and teacher education programs are expected to raise environmental awareness of the prospective teachers. Under the light of those facts, this paper will analyze both some of the teacher education programs of Turkish universities and some of the educational practices in Turkish secondary schools? programs with a critical approach to set the elements pertaining to environmental education. Furthermore some of the environmental education practices in various countries will also be discussed to illustrate good examples. Recommendations on curricular issues to improve environmental education and sustainable development will also be provided. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 382-390 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=47&rid=693 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100693 Classification-JEL: I00 Keywords: Environmental education, sustainable development, curriculum, teacher education Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100693 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra Fabijanic Gagro Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Fabijanic Gagro Author-Email: sandra.fabijanic.gagro@pravri.hr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law Title: Defining and recognizing prisoners of war in contemporary armed conflicts Abstract: Contemporary international humanitarian law (IHL) classifies all armed conflicts into two basic groups - international and non-international. In international armed conflict is clear distinguishing between civilian and combatants. The civilian has right on immunity of the attack, unless is joined to the armed forces, by what he/she loses the civilian rights, and gains the combatants rights. The combatant's right is to participate in the hostilities, with no criminal charges for this action. Captured combatant in international armed conflict become prisoner of war and must be given humane treatment from the time he/she fall into the power of the enemy until final release and repatriation. To be recognized as a prisoner of war, a captured person has to fit within one of the six categories in Article 4 of the 1949 Geneva Convention (3rd) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Despite this provision, in the practical armed conflict situation the distinction between combatant and civilian may not always be apparent. Article 5 of this Convention provides that if the prisoner of war status of a captured person who has committed a belligerent act is in doubt, their status shall be determined by a competent tribunal. What is not completely clear is what any doubt really means and how to describe a competent tribunal. Unlike the international armed conflict matter, in non-international armed conflict there are no persons called combatants, and captured rebel has no right and is not considered as prisoner of war. That is because the state do not recognize possibility for person to attack from inside their armed forces. These persons are to be considered as common criminals. Despite the fact that they ar not combatants, the recommendation of the ICRC is (as a mean of after-war national reconciliation) to approve certain rights to the members of dissident groups, which are inherent to regular combatant's rights. In general, the recognition of the prisoner of war status to the captured rebel status represents specific modification of principle from the 3rd 1949 Geneva Convention, which recognizes the war prisoner status to the members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of organized resistance movements, if they fulfil prescribed conditions. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 391-410 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=48&rid=113 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100113 Classification-JEL: K33 Keywords: international humanitarian law, armed conflict, prisoner of war, soldier, human treatment, ICRC Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jalal Faiz Author-Name-First: Jalal Author-Name-Last: Faiz Author-Email: jalalfaiz@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Westminster Title: The Nature of the Balochistan Conflict in Pakistan: Exploring the Greed and Grievance Theories Abstract: In this paper the primary emphasis is on the nature of the Balochistan conflict in Pakistan. I will explain the greed theory highlighting the central arguments of Collier, Collier and Hoeffler. I uphold the viewpoint of Murshed and Korf, who declare that it is not only greed, or indeed, only grievance, that provokes civil conflict, but that it is both greed and grievance that are causes of conflict. Balochistan is one of the federating units (called provinces) of Pakistan, which constitutes 45 % of Pakistan's total territory, has been in a state of confrontation with Pakistani state since 1948. There is no doubt that greed and grievance are both equally important factors when one wants to determine the causes of conflict. My argument is that the conflict in the Pakistani province of Balochistan is not only a greed-grievance nexus but it is also all about ethnicity and ideology. This is a multi-dimensional conflict. The greed-grievance nexus, ethnicity, the marginalization of ethnic Baloch, their relative economic deprivation, and various historical reasons are escalating the conflict in Balochistan. While greed-based theory seems to explain this very well empirically, the problems come in trying to relate these greed-based findings with reality as many of their affirmations are non-credible, for example, grievances that motivate rebels may be substantially disconnected from the larger social concerns of inequality, political rights, and ethnic or religious identity. On the other hand, grievance-based arguments are good in explaining theoretically the factors relating to civil conflict, but their lack of empirical evidence and their insistence on making philosophical statements make them lose legitimacy. For this reason, a combination of both greed and grievance models which includes ethnicity and ideology could give us a more complete picture of the situation in countries with civil conflicts. The Balochistan conflict in Pakistan may be one of the illustrations, that is the dominant view in this paper. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 411-411 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=49&rid=343 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100343 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Pakistan, Balochistan, Conflict, Greed Theory, Grievance Theory Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hossein Fakorihajiyar Author-Name-First: Hossein Author-Name-Last: Fakorihajiyar Author-Email: dr.fakori@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran Author-Name: Alireza Homayouni Author-Name-First: Alireza Author-Name-Last: Homayouni Author-Email: homaiony@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Hossein Daeezadeh Author-Name-First: Hossein Author-Name-Last: Daeezadeh Author-Email: daeizadeh@bandargaziau.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Babak Hosseinzadeh Author-Name-First: Babak Author-Name-Last: Hosseinzadeh Author-Email: dr.babak2000@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran Title: Surveying relationship of Emotional Intelligence and mental health with achievement motivation in university students Abstract: Introduction & Aim: Emotional intelligence (EQ) is the ability to identify, use, understand, and manage emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges, and defuse conflict. Emotional intelligence impacts many different aspects of your daily life, such as the way you behave and the way you interact with others. So, the present research investigated the relationship of emotional intelligence and mental health with achievement motivation in university students. Method: The sample comprised of 382 university students was taken from the university. Participants completed validated measures of Shutte self report emotional intelligence test (SSREIT), Goldberg general health questionnaire (GHQ) and Kamkar & Bahari achievement motivation scale. Results: Findings revealed positive significant correlation between emotional intelligence with achievement motivation. Although, there is correlation between mental health with achievement motivation, but the correlation was not significant. Conclusion: It means that increasing of emotional intelligence increase achievement motivation. Findings of the present research can have important psychological implications in the area of student counseling, adolescent and youth counseling, and personality development. Helping students and youth in regarding of emotional intelligence can improve their emotional competencies, decrease mental illness and help improving their quality of life and academic achievement. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 412-412 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=50&rid=77 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100077 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, mental health, achievement motivation, university students Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100077 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Fragiskou Author-Name-First: Maria Author-Name-Last: Fragiskou Author-Email: cbalis@aua.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Athens Author-Name: Epameinondas Paplomatas Author-Name-First: Epameinondas Author-Name-Last: Paplomatas Author-Email: epaplom@aua.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Athens Title: The financing of education in European Union in the era of economic crisis. The case study of Greek Higher Education Abstract: High quality education and training is the cornerstone to economic growth. Teaching citizens valuable skills in all sectors will spur innovation and ultimately can help improve corporate competitiveness. The European Union concurs, and overtime has instituted a series of education policies for development, notably in the field of higher education. A good example would be the Bologna Process. Yet the economic crisis has put tremendous pressure on all Member States. While governments are implementing policies to reduce their budget deficits and to manage their public debt, they remain committed to establishing a sustainable economy. Despite good intentions to boost national competitiveness, in practice education funding has been negatively affected by austerity measures, especially in Southern Europe. Given that research demonstrates correlation between the level of funding for education and students' learning outcomes, the urgency to review education funding policies becomes a priority.In this article, we will try to outline the trends in expenditure in higher education in Greece in the period 2008-2012 compared with those of the European Union Member States in the same time frame. We will present the effects of the economic and financial crises in education expenditure and how these affect the quality of education. The comparative analysis is set in five parts. The first, describes the financial environment in European Union and Greece during the reporting period. The second and the third review the financing of education in Europe and in Greece. The fourth analyses the allocation of costs and the fifth estimates the per student cost of education in academic departments of Greek universities. Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 413-430 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=51&rid=637 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100637 Classification-JEL: H52 Keywords: Education funding; financial and economic crisis; higher education; human resource funding; cost per student Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: yasmine Gharieb Author-Name-First: yasmine Author-Name-Last: Gharieb Author-Email: yasminemohie@feps.edu.eg Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Political sciences- Cairo University Author-Name: Zeinab Ibrahim Author-Name-First: Zeinab Author-Name-Last: Ibrahim Author-Email: Zeinab-ibrahim@feps.edu.eg Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences- Cairo University Title: Alternative Track of Energy in Egypt Abstract: Bioenergy is considered an important source of energy in modern era that ensures the preservation of environment and achieves sustainable development. Moreover, it preserves the triple bottom line which cares about all aspects of environmental and social as well as economic aspects of development. Bioenergy is considered a wide field of generating energy from different treated material using different types of technology, while Egypt is now going for a National Program to sustain energy through the treatment of animal, agriculture and even human waste. This is initiated through the Bioenergy for Sustainable Rural Development Project which works on several levels, the first level includes household units which depend on the anaerobic fermentation from the waste of animal, in which methane gas is produced to replace butane gas; used in homes. The second level includes the production of gas from poultry farm units aiming to solve the diesel crisis in which both large poultry farms and those small ones, relaying on the cylinders, need the diesel. And finally, the third level which includes generation of electricity from rice straw. So, the goal of the study is to present an analysis of the Egyptian experience in the production of Bioenergy in addition to achieving sustainable development and ways for overcoming the obstacles that hindered the application of this experience previously. Length: 24 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 431-454 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=52&rid=98 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100098 Classification-JEL: Q16, Q42, Q50 Keywords: Egypt- Renewables- biomass- biogas- Sustainable Rural Development- Bioenergy Technology(BET) Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100098 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Groma Author-Name-First: Jelena Author-Name-Last: Groma Author-Email: jelena.groma@inbox.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Riga Stradins University Author-Name: Sandra Kaija Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Kaija Author-Email: skazaka@inbox.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Baltic International Academy Title: Guarantees of persons deprived of liberty in criminal procedure in the light of recommendations issued by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment Abstract: Compulsion creates optimal conditions for the overall functioning of each country. A compulsion includes administrative, criminal procedural, disciplinary etc. types. Legal acts create a basis determining conditions, procedure, and order of application of compulsory measures. The main purpose of the Latvian Criminal Procedure Law is to determine the order of criminal procedure that ensures the effective application of the norms of the Criminal Law and the fair regulation of criminal legal relations without unjustified intervention in the life of a person. In turn, the overall purpose of the criminal procedural compulsion is to provide a necessary conditioning for effective investigation of the criminal offense. Detention is the criminal procedural compulsory measure related to the deprivation of liberty. According to the Latvian Criminal Procedure Law this assumes the deprivation of the liberty of a person, for a period of time of up to 48 hours, without a decision of an investigating judge, if conditions for detention exist. Simultaneously, this means that a detained person's rights and liberties are restricted for a certain period of time. A detained person is exposed to social isolation and sustained in special conditions. There is a risk appearing due to the fact that conditions to which a detained person is exposed can be inhumane humiliating a person's dignity. This study aims analysis of a current situation related to the rights of detained person, and discussed in the light of recommendations proposed by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment (CPT). CPT organizes visits following the implementation of human rights in places of detention in European states. After each visit, the CPT sends a detailed report to the State concerned which includes the CPT?s findings, and its recommendations, comments and requests for information. Analysis of recommendations issued by the CPT visiting Baltic States appears to be in the focus of interest of this study. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 455-455 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=53&rid=390 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100390 Classification-JEL: K14 Keywords: human rights, criminal procedural detention, prevention of torture Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Gaby Hahne Author-Name-First: Gaby Author-Name-Last: Hahne Author-Email: ghahne@wp-hahne.de Author-Workplace-Name: HAHNE Revisions- und Treuhand GmbH Title: Differences and Similarities of TQM and AC-QD-Model Abstract: Particularly through the financial- and economic crisis, a frequent discussion about the public task of an auditor and their audit quality arises. A productive discussion of audit quality requires a common understanding of audit quality, which can be obtained only with difficulty, given the complexity. To date, neither a no consensus on a definition nor a general approach could be developed which can depict this complex structure comprehensively. Therefor the author examines the Total Quality Management system, short TQM, according to its effectiveness in small- and medium sized auditing companies. But as the profession of auditors is a very specific one and in order to fulfill all the expectations of the different receivers of audit services, all legal and professional requirements as well as one?s own expectations, a model for audit quality has to be developed, that is very broad. For this reason, the author developed a ?new model of quality development of auditing companies?, named the AuditCompanies?QualityDevelopment-Model (AC-QD-Model). In order to examine the differences between TQM and the author?s model and to show the distinction between it, both quality models will be compared in this paper. At the end, a detail recommendation for the usage of the quality models can be given and outlined. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 456-456 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=54&rid=975 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100975 Classification-JEL: Keywords: audit quality, TQM, AC-QD-Model Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nadia Hasamoh Author-Name-First: Nadia Author-Name-Last: Hasamoh Author-Email: nadia_pp2011@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Panyabhat Pittaya School Title: Science Teacher's View, Understanding Nature of Science and Learning Management on Nature of Science in the Islamic Private School in Pattani, Thailand Abstract: This paper is based on research relating to science teachers' view, understanding the Nature of Science and learning management on nature of science in the Islamic Private School in Pattani, Thailand. The study samples that selected by purposive sampling method, were 7 science teachers at Islamic Private School in Pattani, Thailand. Instruments were questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation and field notes. The data were analyzed through coding, categorizing and descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that, 1. Science teachers in the Islamic Private School in Pattani held mixed views about the nature of science, which are traditional baconian view and the constructivist view. 2. Science teachers in the Islamic Private School in Pattani held good understanding on the nature of science but they owned various understandings in each detailed elements of the nature of science. 3. Science teachers in the Islamic Private School in Pattani provided learning management mostly through deficient approach, then didactic approach, followed by implicit approaches, and explicit approaches respectively. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 457-457 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=55&rid=281 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100281 Classification-JEL: Keywords: View, Understanding, Learning management, Nature of science, Islamic private school Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Tareq Hasan Author-Name-First: Mohammad Tareq Author-Name-Last: Hasan Author-Email: tareqhasan99@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Bergen, Norway and University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Title: The economic frontiers and minority construction: the case of the Khyang of Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh Abstract: The Khyang is one of the smaller ethnic communities within the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) where people from different ethnic groups such as Bawm, Chak, Chakma, Khyang, Khumi, Lushai, Marma, Mro, Pangkhua, Tanchangya, and Tripura live including the majority group of the country the Bangalee people. The research focuses on the historical perspective of changing economic frontiers at the CHT and the socio-economic condition of the Khyang. Historically, the CHT has been regarded as one of the economically backward place of the country and many economic development programmers have taken place to develop the area and improve the life of the ethnic minority groups living there. The development initiatives have often proven to marginalize the ethnic minority groups. The Field material for the paper is collected from Bandarban and Rangamati of Chittagong Hill Tracts through participant observation. The findings indicate that among the Khyang the changes of economic frontiers have been taking place with coming of the administration and security forces, massive migration of Bangalee people, encroaching market and urbanization. In the process, the Khyang were subjected to change of available livelihood options, seasonality of economic activities and into a position of economic marginalization. The case of the Khyang provides evidence for the fact that attempts of development and modernization by government and non-government organizations sometimes lead to extreme levels of uncertainty about the legitimacy of established identity, rights and claims. Length: 17 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 458-474 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=56&rid=626 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100626 Classification-JEL: Z10, Z18, P48 Keywords: Economic frontier, Minority, Khyang, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nazyktere Hasani Author-Name-First: Nazyktere Author-Name-Last: Hasani Author-Email: nhasani14@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: PhD candidate in European University of Tirana Author-Name: Ernesa Hasani Author-Name-First: Ernesa Author-Name-Last: Hasani Author-Email: ernesaa@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Student in Faculty of Philology, University of Prishtina Title: Forms of implementation of school-family collaboration in pre-university educational institutions Abstract: School cooperation with parents is an important aspect in the field of education, which is of particular interest to students and for the school when we consider the development of personality, education, social life and progress of pupils. Trustworthiness, mutual respect and communication between school and parents, makes common goals that schools ahead and ask parents for an effective quality education of students realize. Based on everyday school life we see a weakening of interest of parents and school for collaboration. Each school should encourage parents to cooperate by providing various forms of cooperation. Therefore, seeing the decline of interest by both pairs for cooperation was necessary to study in this regard, in order to obtain complete data, to analyze and compare the perceptions of parents and teachers, to get different opinions so that we have opportunities for using forms that think it will bring effect in terms of cooperation. The research was focused on two relevant factors parent-teacher where perceptions and opinions regarding the forms of cooperation are treated, which are implemented at the school and forms that will be able to apply and that will bring a qualitative and effective cooperation. The purpose of this study was to identify forms of school- family cooperation, emphasizing the attitudes and opinions of parents and teachers as well as proposals for finding effective possible forms, which will increase the interest for cooperation. This study is of particular importance because the conclusions drawn from this study will lead to the search of better access of influential parents in the school, which will greatly contribute to raising awareness and responsibility of parents and school in improving and progressing cooperation. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 475-486 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=57&rid=961 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100961 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Forms of cooperation, attitudes, parent, teachers. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Numan Hayimasae Author-Name-First: Numan Author-Name-Last: Hayimasae Author-Email: hayimas@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University Title: Journey of Hajj Pilgrims from Patani and Its Social-economic and Intellectual Impact on the Patani Malay Society (1800-1960s) Abstract: Islam had formally accepted by the Patani people in the mid 15th century while the tenets of Islam were not fully practiced at the early time. In the early period, it has no clear evidence to indicate that there were pilgrims from Patani to reach Mecca for Hajj. However, the names of religious Patani scholars were mentioned about their connection with Mecca in some Malay classical books both directly and indirectly in 16th and 17th century. Journey of Hajj from Patani and had more recorded in the later century after being better transportation especially when the Suez canal in Egypt was opened in 1869 and operating of steamships which carried Malay pilgrims from the Malay Archipelago mainly through Penang and Singapore port. Barriers and various challenges faced by pilgrims throughout on board ship and life in Mecca and its environs gave much impact, especially in terms of social-economy and intellectual structure. Collective memory, spiritual and empirical experience gave a lot of individual impact and made Hajj pilgrims changes their way of life after they returning homeland. For those for stay a period of time for educational purpose after the Hajj season, this also gave profound impact to the Patani Malay society through intellectual pilgrims particularly the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. Methods, texts, learning and teaching styles, had been transformed into the society especially the Madrasah system which directly copied from the madrasahs in Mecca. The Hajj journey was also one way to link the Malay region with the Muslim world, and consolidated its contact with the Haramayn in particular. Length: 29 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 487-515 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=58&rid=218 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100218 Classification-JEL: N95 Keywords: Hajj Pilgrimaage Journey, Social-economic and Intellectual Impact, Patani Malay Society Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alireza Homayouni Author-Name-First: Alireza Author-Name-Last: Homayouni Author-Email: homaiony@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Kolsom Gharib Author-Name-First: Kolsom Author-Name-Last: Gharib Author-Email: gharib_parastoo@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Behzisty of Bandargaz, Golestan province Author-Name: Faezeh Mazini Author-Name-First: Faezeh Author-Name-Last: Mazini Author-Email: f.mazany@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers Club of Bandargas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Arsalan Khanmohammadi Otaghsara Author-Name-First: Arsalan Author-Name-Last: Khanmohammadi Otaghsara Author-Email: ar.khanmohammadi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran Title: Comparative investigation of mathematics anxiety and learning mathematics between males and females students of distance education systems Abstract: Introduction: Mathematics anxiety is an important and common phenomenon in students from elementary through university levels. This anxiety may negatively affect personâ??s attitudes and amount of time spent in math related activities. Mathematics anxiety is defined as a feelings tension and apprehension surrounding the manipulation of numbers and the solving of mathematical problems in academic, private and social settings (Richardson & Suinn, 1972). The research aimed to investigate mathematics anxiety and learning mathematics in male and female students of distance education system. Method: Participants (N=118 men and 127 women) were randomly selected from distance education university and responded to Plake & Parker mathematics anxiety rating scale _ revised (PPMARSR). PPMARSR assesses learning math anxiety and assessment math anxiety dimensions. Also Total scores of general mathematics were used to assess of learning mathematics. Results: Findings showed there are differences between male and female in math anxiety and learning mathematics. Males got more scores in assessment math anxiety than females, and also males got more scores in learning mathematics than females. Conclusion: Based on results, it is concluded that attention to gender differences is important id academic settings. Mathematics anxiety is an important and common phenomenon in students from elementary through university levels. Mathematics anxiety is more important factor in distance education system, because distance education system needs distance learning and usually without direct and face to face attendance of teacher. So, these systems should plan to increase positive attitudes towards mathematics, especially with attention to gender differences, in order to improve mathematics achievement and eliminate mathematics anxiety in educational settings. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 516-516 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=59&rid=203 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100203 Classification-JEL: Keywords: mathematics anxiety, learning mathematics, distance education Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tatana Hornychova Author-Name-First: Tatana Author-Name-Last: Hornychova Author-Email: hornychova.tania@email.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague Author-Name: Milan Damborsky Author-Name-First: Milan Author-Name-Last: Damborsky Author-Email: mdamborsky@centrum.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague Title: The Impact of Large Enterprises on the Economy of the Czech Republic Abstract: Large enterprises represent a key group for the economy of the Czech Republic. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of large enterprises on the socio-economic development of the Czech Republic and to assess the legitimacy of public support for these companies. The study is primarily focused on economic issues. Social and environmental areas are complementary part. The study was prepared in response to the currently debated state aid rules, which significantly change the ratio of the maximum public support for small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises. In general, it is possible to mark the effect of large enterprises in the economy as very positive. Large enterprises are a key part of the economy of the Czech Republic and the EU. Despite their relatively low share in terms of total number, they contribute significantly to employment, production and added value throughout the whole economy. Even small proportional changes in economic activities of large enterprises have significant impacts on public budgets and the involvement of SMEs in the export. Large businesses represent a significant demand for research and development results. In addition to this they also carry out their own research. Therefore large enterprises are a key accelerator of development of applied research and development. They do a wide range of social activities, such as sponsoring sport, cultural and other social activities. Environmental protection is an integral part of their strategic thinking. Large enterprises make up the majority of foreign investment in supported sectors in the Czech Republic and have a major impact on an image of national economies. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 517-517 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=60&rid=794 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100794 Classification-JEL: A10 Keywords: large enterprises, Czech Republic, socioeconomic development, foreign investment, state aid Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100794 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Babak Hosseinzadeh Author-Name-First: Babak Author-Name-Last: Hosseinzadeh Author-Email: hosseinzadeh2002@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran Author-Name: Alireza Homayouni Author-Name-First: Alireza Author-Name-Last: Homayouni Author-Email: homaiony@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Hossein Daeezadeh Author-Name-First: Hossein Author-Name-Last: Daeezadeh Author-Email: daeizadeh@bandargaziau.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Hossein Fakorihajiyar Author-Name-First: Hossein Author-Name-Last: Fakorihajiyar Author-Email: dr.fakior@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran Title: Studying of the effect of using computer software to improve the language skills of deaf students Abstract: Introduction & Aim: Language is absolutely central to learning: without it, we cannot make sense or communicate understanding of a subject. We will need to develop language skills, and specifically, academic English, in order to communicate information, ideas and arguments effectively, using a style and language appropriate to subject, purpose and audience. The aim of this study was the effect of using computer software to improve the four language skills of deaf students in primary school in Babol. Method: 176 deaf students with using stratified random sampling were selected. The quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post test design and with homogeneous control group was used and a computer software plan was applied for deaf students by consult of the teachers. Data were analyzed with T and ANOVA tests. Results: Findings showed that using computer software as an individualized instrument was effective in strengthening the language skills of deaf students. Conclusion: Undoubtedly providing the educational concepts with helping visual software is effective in increasing attention and strengthening the looking at skills, viewing modes and movements and lip reading and understanding the words better and making relationship between the spoken and written language and Practicing and repeating of phrases and sentences in group and also in improving their speaking. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 518-518 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=61&rid=76 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100076 Classification-JEL: Keywords: computer software, language skills, deaf students Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100076 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Li-Fei Huang Author-Name-First: Li-Fei Author-Name-Last: Huang Author-Email: lhuang@mail.mcu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Ming Chuan University Title: Confidence Interval for Ratio of Percentiles of Two Independent and Small Samples Abstract: In the wood industry, it is common practice to compare in terms of the ratio of two different strength properties for lumber of the same dimention, grade and species or the same strength property for lumber of two different dimensions, grades or species. Because United States lumber standards are given in terms of population fifth percentile, and strength problems arised from the weaker fifth percentile rather than the stronger mean, the ratio should be expressed in terms of the fifth percentiles of two strength distributions rather than the mean.If n is the sample size, then n(n+1)/2 averages of sample points can be created by Hodges-Lehmann method which is utilized to construct the confidence interval for the mean. If n(n+1)/2 percentiles are directly found by adjusting Hodges-Lehmann method, then the resulting distribution is highly skewed. Therefore, n(n+1)/2 percentiles are suggested to be found by shifting some proper amount from those averages. The distribution of [n(n+1)/2]^2 ratios of percentiles has large kurtosis and hence is not normal, so traditional approximation methods do not work in this case. The empirical confidence interval should be selected to give inference about the ratio of percentiles. Small samples are considered to prevent extremely large [n(n+1)/2]^2. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 519-519 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=62&rid=806 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100806 Classification-JEL: C00, C14, C15 Keywords: Strength of lumber, Independent and small samples, Simulation of percentiles, Simulation of ratio of percentiles, Empirical confidence interval. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Azizah Hussin Author-Name-First: Azizah Author-Name-Last: Hussin Author-Email: zahussin35@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kelantan University of Malaysia Author-Name: Nawi@Mohd Nawi Ismail Author-Name-First: Nawi@Mohd Nawi Author-Name-Last: Ismail Author-Email: nawi.ismail@umk.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Beg Berkunci No 01, Author-Name: Mohd Zamri Ali Author-Name-First: Mohd Zamri Author-Name-Last: Ali Author-Email: che_zam69@yahoo.com.my Author-Workplace-Name: SK Lepan Jaya Gua Musang Kelantan Title: Level of phobia towards Islam among non-muslim Students of Higher Educational Institution in Malaysia Abstract: This paper focuses on the level of phobia among non-muslim students of Educational Institution in Malaysia. In this paper, the history of islamophobia is also discussed briefly. Islamofobia is not a new issues in the world. Itâ??s already exist since the emergence of Islam (religion of Allah). Almost all the prophets, during their time faced rebellion and revolt from those who were against Islam. But the resistance towards the prophets were different based on the races, skills (given by Allah) and current situation. Almighty to Allah, all the problems, obstacles and resistance had been handled and settled wisely by the prophets. Anti Islam or islamophobia happened in the past and it is still there even today. Islamophobia increased after the terrific event in â??September 11, 2001â??. Most of the muslims from western countries were treated badly. Fortunately, in Malaysia non-muslims live comfortabily and in harmony. But then, there are certain cases of islamophobia happen. Nevertheless, it is not serious. This paper analyses islamophobia among non-muslim students in Educational Institution. The purpose of this paper is to find out the level of islamophobhia among them. As for this paper, the level of phobia is categorized into three levels. The first stage is fear, second is hatred and third is threat. The three categories which have been analysed has been defined before by Zafar Iqbal (2010), Ponyting & Mason (2007) and Oxford Advanced Learnerâ??s Dictionary (2005). Malaysia is an Islamic Country and majority are muslims. So, knowing the level of phobia among non-muslim is very important to maintain the harmony and peaceful relationship among all races in Malaysia. The researched has been carried out by 250 set of questionaires to non-muslim students to know their level of phobia towards Islam. The data analysed using SPSS method and the result will be discussed in presentation and full paper. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 520-520 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=63&rid=43 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100043 Classification-JEL: I20, I21, I28 Keywords: Phobia, islamophobia, non-muslim, jihad, hudud, poligami Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100043 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zamira Hyseni-Duraku Author-Name-First: Zamira Author-Name-Last: Hyseni-Duraku Author-Email: zamira.hyseni@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: PHD Candidate University of Tirana, Lecturer University of Prishtina \ Title: Class Size: Teaching Quality and Students? level of Satisfaction with their Academic Performance Abstract: The main goal of this study is to verify if a greater number of students within a University department is an influential factor on the quality of instructors? teaching and evaluating. One of the key analytic theses of this study, is to prove whether there is difference between the level of students? evaluations of their professors quality and forms of teaching, and the students? participation in small, medium or large student groups within their department in the Hasan Prishtina University undergraduate program. To identify the scope of this study, the quantitative research method has been used. The measuring instrument was designed in the form of a questionnaire that was conducted with the 1006 students who are currently pursuing their BA degree at Hasan Prishtina University. For the conduction of the research, students were selected from the 12 departments within the university. The results of the study reveal that there are differences between the student evaluations on the quality of instruction and evaluation. Students from smaller and medium groups within the department, declare to be more satisfied with their personal academic achievements and give higher evaluations of their instructors, considering the latter cooperative and supportive throughout the education process than did students of larger groups within the department, whose evaluations reflect dissatisfaction with academic evaluations received within their according pathways of study. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 521-528 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=64&rid=935 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100935 Classification-JEL: I00, I21, I29 Keywords: Kosovo public higher education, class size, students evaluations, teaching and evaluation quality, students satisfaction, academic performance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100935 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Siti Suhaila Ihwani Author-Name-First: Siti Suhaila Author-Name-Last: Ihwani Author-Email: suhailanas@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Technology University Malaysia Author-Name: Adibah Muhtar Author-Name-First: Adibah Author-Name-Last: Muhtar Author-Email: adibah@ic.utm.my Author-Workplace-Name: Technology University Malaysia Author-Name: Norhafizah Musa Author-Name-First: Norhafizah Author-Name-Last: Musa Author-Email: noraz@ic.utm.my Author-Workplace-Name: Technology University Malaysia Title: THE READINESS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS IN IMPLEMENTING SEX EDUCATION Abstract: Teacher readiness is an essential element in teaching and learning process. Sex education implementation depends on teacher readiness to teach the subject. In Malaysia, sex education is taught in various subjects namely Islamic Education, Moral Education, Science, Additional Science and Biology. In Islamic Education, there are some topics related to sex education that are taught. Islamic Education teachers are responsible to increase student?s understanding of the concept of sex education from the Islamic view. Therefore, Islamic Education teachers should know how to convey religious values within the topics taught. Internalization of a clear and complete set of religious values in the students could protect them spiritually, emotionally and intellectually from any destructive and corrupt elements. Islamic Education teachers have to ensure that all its teaching is more effective with respect to its implication and internalization especially its function for student?s self protection in conduct. Most importantly, they should make a connection between Islamic religion/ethical theory and practice. Thus, the readiness of Islamic Education teachers in teaching sex education from the religious values must be given full attention. Are they ready to teach sex education in accordance to Islamic perspective? This is to ensure that students respect their religion, themselves, intellect, progeny and property which are in line with the goals of all religions and the aspirations of Man. This study focused on Islamic Education teachers from secondary school in Malaysia. The aim of the paper is to discuss the readiness of Islamic education teachers in teaching sex education in line with Islamic values. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 529-529 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=65&rid=1340 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101340 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Islamic Sex Education, Western Sex Education, Islamic Education Teachers, Readiness. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Misbah Iqbal Author-Name-First: Misbah Author-Name-Last: Iqbal Author-Email: misbah.iqbal@iobm.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Business Management Title: Effectiveness of Signaling Theory in Pakistan- testing the relationship between current dividend and future profits Abstract: Effectiveness of Signaling Theory in Pakistan- testing the relationship between current dividend and future profits Author: Misbah Iqbal Institute of Business Management Abstract The importance of dividend policy has always been a topic of discussion amongst academicians. Many authors continue to come up with different findings from their studies on the relevance of dividend policy on company's performance. Where there are researchers and academicians who suggest no significance of dividend policy, there are others who propose that higher dividend payouts signal towards higher profits in the future years. This research sought to establish the relationship between dividend payout and firm performance among twenty six listed firms on the Karachi Stock Exchange. For this reason, twenty six companies with the highest dividend payout ratio were selected from the KSE-100 index. Data was collected for ten years, from year 2002-2012 for all ten companies and a regression was run between Dividend Payout ratio and the Profit Margin at first. Since signaling theory states about current dividend signaling about future profits, therefore, profit margin of t+1 was considered for regression. The findings state that Dividend Payout Ratio does not have any significant impact on the earnings of the firm at least in Pakistan. The relationship was tested in different ways, taking various aspects of profitability, but the results were somewhat the same. Though signaling theory (high dividend indicates high future profits) has proved to be significant in a few developed economies, its significance on the companies listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange is invalid. Key words: Dividends, Firmâ??s performance, Dividend Payout ratio, profit margin, signaling theory Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 530-530 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=66&rid=131 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100131 Classification-JEL: G35 Keywords: Dividend payout, dividend policy, company's performance, profit margin Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nawi@Mohd. Nawi Ismail Author-Name-First: Nawi@Mohd. Nawi Author-Name-Last: Ismail Author-Email: nawi.ismail@umk.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Kelantan University of Malaysia Author-Name: Azizah Hussin Author-Name-First: Azizah Author-Name-Last: Hussin Author-Email: zahussin35@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia of Kelantan (UMK) Title: Implementing Rabbani Concept in Education: Reality and Fantacy Abstract: The word of ?Philosophy? came from Greece which means ?love of wisdom?. Philosophy is the master of the knowledge. Generally it is divided into islamic and non-islamic philosophy. The islamic philosophy is the best practice in human life because it covers all aspects of life. Deep understanding will give positive effect to the main and branch knowledge. Unfortunately, some islamic scholars do not internalize the benefit of it. The nature of knowledge is based on Rabbani and of couse the sources of knowledge is from Allah. According to imam al-Ghazali, aquiring knowledge is categorised into two types, Farhdu Ain and Fardhu Kifayah. The researcher tries to highlight on Fardhu Kifayah and the corelation with the Rabbani concept. Every muslim go through learning process and facing many types of knowledge, either islamic or general knowledge. Government, administrators, scholars, teachers and preachers play an important role to make sure the general knowledge are islamised totally. All muslims especially to those who involved in education must think, plan and take an action to implement islamization of knowledge. They have to include and relate all the general knowledges with the Rabbani concept. This paper suggests few actions that can be done by us as phylosophers, thinkers, palnners and implementors to make sure Rabbani concept exist during the learning process. Finally, the islamic phylosophy becomes reality. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 531-531 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=67&rid=174 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100174 Classification-JEL: I21, I29 Keywords: Islamic phylosophy, education, Rabbani concept, Fardhu Kifayah, general knowledge, Islamic knowledge. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimirs Jansons Author-Name-First: Vladimirs Author-Name-Last: Jansons Author-Email: vladjans@latnet.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Riga Technical University Title: METHODOLOGY OF APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL MODELING FOR RISK ASSESSMENT Abstract: Risk assessment is one of the major challenges that must be addressed by each insurance company. To assess risk we need to know the value of losses as well as the probability of losses, since the risk cost is the basic component in evaluating the insurance indemnity. Statistical methods should be used for objective evaluation of insurance processes, but because of complexity in real life processes of insurance, statistical modelling techniques would be preferable. It is particularly important to develop and practically apply these methods in Latvia as in recent years (starting from 1992) the insurance market in Latvia has experienced steady growth. To improve the competitiveness of the insurance companies, especially small companies, it is simply impossible to do without methods allowing us to estimate the parameters of the insurance process. Taking this into consideration it becomes important to study information systems related to the processes of insurance and to use modern information technologies for processing the available empirical information and the dynamic scenario forecasting performance of the insurance process taking into account different assumptions about the factors that could affect the insurance process. The article deals with the various statistical models that assess the risks and losses of the insurance company allowing us to simplify the calculation of insurance premiums, insurance reserves and assess the financial stability of the insurance company with a sufficiently wide range of parameters of the real process of insurance. At the present time transition from local information systems to corporate information systems based on network technologies is being accomplished in the Baltic countries. Therefore, in the future it is important to include such statistical models into the integrated European information system of processing insurance information. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 532-532 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=68&rid=48 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100048 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Risk Assessment, Statistical Methods Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100048 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: John Jones Author-Name-First: John Author-Name-Last: Jones Author-Email: biko97jcj@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Zirve University Title: Citizenship as a Bill of Attainder: the supreme Human Rights Violation Abstract: Current practices in municipal law, as orchestrated by UN conventions and doctrine in international law proclaim that nearly every person is born with citizenship. However, instead of serving as an individual claim of right, governments use the label of citizenship to extract labor, wealth, and compel obedience under threat of imprisonment or death. Because States define each natural-born citizen as a debtor at birth, said States declare these persons as subject to punishment for accidents of birth and geography. In effect, States attaint people with the obligations of citizenship and de jure slave status without due process ? a supreme human rights violation. This paper will detail the historical roots of the concept of citizenship and demonstrate the evolution of legal thought that supports slavery in the form of citizenship. Length: 42 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 533-574 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=69&rid=847 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100847 Classification-JEL: K33, K19, E61 Keywords: citizenship, bill of attainder, human rights, international law Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100847 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bo?ena Kade?ábková Author-Name-First: Bo?ena Author-Name-Last: Kade?ábková Author-Email: ekonomka_2@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics Prague Author-Name: Emilie Ja?ová Author-Name-First: Emilie Author-Name-Last: Ja?ová Author-Email: entropa@seznam.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics Prague Title: Hodrick-Prescott filter in the analysis of structural unemployment and business cycle on the labor market in the countries of the Visegrad Group Abstract: The Natural rate of unemployment indicates such a level of unemployment at which the inflation rate is constant (Estrada, Hernando a Lopez-Salido, 2000). This concept is called Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU). NAIRU is an unobservable variable (Boone, 2000). Richardson, Boone, Giorno, Meacci, Rae a Turner (2000) in their papers classified the methods to the following groups: structural methods, purely statistical methods and so called reduced form approach. In our analysis we used only Hodrick-Prescott filter. Lamda value was set at standardly recommended value for quaterly data, which is 1600 and we real values completed by ours´ own predictions. In case of the Czech Republic the values of estimated NAIRU were between 2 % and 8,8 %. Real rate of unemployment was below the NAIRU in 2Q 1995-3Q 1998, 2Q 2001-2Q 2003 and in period from 4Q 2006 till 3Q 2008. In Slovakia the HP filter estimated the NAIRU in the interval between 9,4 % and 18,3 %. From 2Q 2006 till 2Q 2008 the real rate of unemployment decreased below the NAIRU. In 3Q 2008 the real rate of unemployment exceeded the NAIRU. The NAIRU in Hungary was estimated between 5,9% and 10,8 %. From 1Q 2005 starts the recession phase, from 2Q 2007 comes the phase of soft boom. In 3Q 2008 the negativ gap signaled shift into recession phase caused by global financial and economic crisis. In case of Poland the HP filter estimated NAIRU in the interval between 7,5 % and 18,8 %. From 1Q 2001 till 1Q 2007 the real rate of unemployment was exceeding the NAIRU. In the last part of the examined period the economy was in the boom phase with peak in 4Q 2007. The negativ gap in 3Q 2008 was only about 0,29 pp. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 575-575 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=70&rid=161 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100161 Classification-JEL: C10, J08 Keywords: Phyllips curve, NAIRU, Hodrick-Prescott filter, Kalman filter, Stochastic trend Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Gul Awar Khan Author-Name-First: Gul Awar Author-Name-Last: Khan Author-Email: gul.khan@my.westminster.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Westminster, London Title: Failure of federalism causes nationalism/separatism: The case of Balochistan in Pakistan Abstract: Pakistan is a federal state consisting of four federating units namely, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh. In essence federalism is a system of government under which diverse population can be accommodated in a way where each group would be able to maintain its distinct identity and control over its affairs and resources. Federalism is basically stands for unity in diversity wherein the principle of self-rule and shared rule plays an important role in keeping unite the diverse society intact. Federalism provides opportunities to all the constituent regions for greater economic prosperity and safeguards each unit from external and internal military threats. It is dynamic and flexibly democratic in character. Furthermore, federalism works under certain principles such as: 1) Two-fold sovereignty [or sharing of powers between the constituent unit(s) and the central/federal government]; 2) a supreme written and rigid constitution which cannot be amended unilaterally; 3) distribution of powers [each set of government enjoys constitutionally delegated powers in the sphere of legislation and execution under the constitution]; 4) allocation of genuine autonomy [the constitution ensures allocation of revenue resources between the two levels of governments and also some areas of genuine autonomy for each other]; and 5) an umpire, who could avoid the clash between the federal and constituent governments. However, when federalism deviates from its basic principles, it gives way to ethno-nationalism, conflicts, and separatism. The emergence of ethno-nationalist movements, conflicts, and separatism are attached to the structures and composition, policies and attitudes of the federations towards the regionally based identity groups as well as the democratization of the polity. If a federation is structurally imbalanced in its demographic composition than there are chances where majority or tiny skilled groups would override the smaller groups in the central institutions such as parliament, Armed forces, developmental projects, and policy making at home as well as abroad. In return, the smaller identity groups would feel that they are deprived and denied equal opportunities in the in the state structure. This paper is looking into the ways which cause the emergence of Baloch nationalism and separatism within Pakistan and argues that the Baloch nationalism and the sentiments of separatism are the results of the lack of federal character and principles of the Pakistani federation. The main argument of the paper is that; whether it is the failure of the principle(s) of federation to keep intact the diverse society or the practices of the federation which forced the smaller ethno-national groups to ask for more autonomy and separatism. Should we see the present crisis within the Pakistani state as resulting significantly from a failure of democratic federalism? Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 576-576 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=71&rid=702 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100702 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Pakistan, Balochistan, Nationalism, Federalism, and Separatism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100702 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Arsalan Khanmohammadi Otaghsara Author-Name-First: Arsalan Author-Name-Last: Khanmohammadi Otaghsara Author-Email: ar.khanmohammadi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran Author-Name: Alireza Homayouni Author-Name-First: Alireza Author-Name-Last: Homayouni Author-Email: homaiony@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran Author-Name: Gholamali Nikpour Author-Name-First: Gholamali Author-Name-Last: Nikpour Author-Email: nikpoorg@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba?i University, Tehran, Iran Title: Comparative investigation the role of personality traits and emotional intelligence in tendency to addiction Abstract: Aim: The research aimed to investigate role of personality traits and Emotional Intelligence in tendency to addiction. Methods: In sampling process a total of 73 addicted people and 73 non-addicted people that were randomly selected and completed Schutte's Self- Report E / I Test (SSREIT) (33 items) and Mc Care and Costa?s NEO PI-R Inventory. In order to analyzing the data independent T test was used to compare means of two groups. Results: Findings indicated significant differences between two groups in components of Emotional Intelligent. Addicted people had less scores in agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness, appraisal of emotion, utilization of emotion and general score of emotional intelligence, and more scores in neuroticism than and openness to experience than nonaddicted people. Conclusion: Considering the current study are congruent with the other research in this field, it is recommended to apply the plans for EI education related to personality traits for enhancing emotional intelligent components in order to increasing abilities and competencies in confronting with crisis and bad events and reducing risk of abnormal behaviors, specially addiction. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 577-577 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=72&rid=79 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100079 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Personality traits, Addiction Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100079 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Abdonloh Khreeda-oh Author-Name-First: Abdonloh Author-Name-Last: Khreeda-oh Author-Email: lah119@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus Title: Success and challenges in developing a Pattani Malay - Thai Bilingual/Multilingual Education in southernmost provinces of Thailand Abstract: Thailand is linguistically and culturally diverse. Apart from Standard Thai, with its status as the nation's official language and its function as a language of wider communication for all ethnic groups, the country boasts more than 70 languages. Patani Malay is spoken by the majority in the 3 southernmost provinces of Thailand: Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat-including 5 districts of Songkla-where there is violence and political unrest. In this incident research is an action research which objectives of the study are to develop curriculum and learning method by using the Patani Malay Mothers Tongue-based bilingual education/Multilingual education (MTB-BE/MLE) in the primary school in four southern border provinces of Thailand and to empower, fostering self- esteem and positive attitudes to schooling among Patani Malay communities. The study found that Patani Malay is the language people use most in their daily lives, have most confidence in using and prefer to use more than any other language (Bahasa Malaysia, Standard Thai, or Southern Thai) and the use of the student's mother tongue in school can improve learning outcomes. Moreover, Patani Malay communities have more positive attitudes to Thai schooling system. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 578-583 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=73&rid=297 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100297 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Mothers Tongue-Based bilingual education/Multilingual education, Patani Malay, Standard Thai. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Eunjin Kim Author-Name-First: Eunjin Author-Name-Last: Kim Author-Email: kimej@kisti.re.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Author-Name: Yong-Ho Lee Author-Name-First: Yong-Ho Author-Name-Last: Lee Author-Email: stylee@kisti.re.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Author-Name: Pillwoo Lee Author-Name-First: Pillwoo Author-Name-Last: Lee Author-Email: pwlee@kisti.re.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Title: A Study on the Digital Information Usage in Science & Technology Domain: In the Case of Korea Abstract: Dissemination of Science & technology information is being deemed critical in determining industrial productivity and academic competitiveness on a national level. Therefore the development and management of government supported information system is more important. What is notable is that the demands from researchers are becoming more specified and specialized as the information infrastructure has suddenly undergone digital transformation. So, it is vital to understand the behavior and characteristics of users to encourage for active usage and to fulfill user needs. This study aims to analyze information seeking behavior of Korean researchers in Science & technology domain. It is expected to contribute to developing optimized strategies for knowledge information service.The traditional studies on information usage can be largely divided into system-centered analysis and user-centered analysis. The system-centered analysis focuses on analyzing the use rate, user satisfaction, difficulties in the system usage, but the approach is limited in grasping the context of dynamic users' behavior. We presuppose that the start point of information retrieval is awareness of problems with a given task. And we select user goals, information types, information channel types, and determinants of channel selection to explain the information seeking behavior of researchers in Korea. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 584-584 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=74&rid=995 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100995 Classification-JEL: D80, C83 Keywords: Information seeking behaivor, Science & Technology information Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: MARIA DE FÁTIMA KNAIPPE DIBE Author-Name-First: MARIA DE FÁTIMA Author-Name-Last: KNAIPPE DIBE Author-Email: faradibe@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO - UNAM Title: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: EQUITABLE SHARING OF ECONOMIC AND BIOTECH BENEFITS FROM THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF MEGA BIODIVERSE COUNTRIES AND THE TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF ANCIENT PEOPLES Abstract: The importance of the environment is seen as far as the conservation of the planet's ecosystems becomes sine qua non for sustainable development and survival of present and future generations. So, one of the basic principles enshrined in legal literature of how to ensure the compatibility between economic interests and the environment refers to prevention, understood as a guiding principle of any environmental intervention. In other words, for sustainable development suitable national and international measures must be placed to prevent everyday bio-piracy mechanisms as well as the pollution and waste of environmental resources. In this sense, in relation to the biodiversity in much of the developing countries, the United Nations? Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 brought recognition to the sovereignty of nations over their genetic resources in order to emphasize the underlying responsibility of recipient countries and users of biological resources of third parties so that those should ensure the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from scientific knowledge as well as industrial exploitation and trading of such environmental goods. For both entities, relevant issues of cost-effectiveness and equity must be raised at national and international levels considering private benefit and environmental cost in order to reap socio-economic benefits from the use of such environmental godos [1]. Thus, economic efficiency should lead to fair monetary compensation based on the earnings made from the biological resource consumed. In addition, there must be fair compensation for the reduction of natural ecosystems as a way of internalizing socio-environmental costs (negative externalities) represented by the consumption of environmental goods.[2]. From this perspective, the present research is justified by the urgent need to create international legal mechanisms, guided by parameters of humanist ethics, able to promote the distribution of economic benefits as well as the diffusion of scientific and biotechnological advances resulting from the use of the genetic heritage associated with traditional knowledge of the ancient peoples from the countries that hold Earth?s mega-diversity. In this sense, addressing issues on sovereignty of the mega-diverse countries justifies the implementation of international laws favorable to building a global partnership for sustainable development based on the ideals of economic and social justice. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 585-591 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=75&rid=981 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100981 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Sustainable Development - Biological Resources - Traditional Knowledge - Megadiversity Countries - Biopiracy - Social and Economic Benefits - Equitable sharing of Economic and Biotech Development - Social environmental costs (negative externalities) Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100981 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ledion Krisafi Author-Name-First: Ledion Author-Name-Last: Krisafi Author-Email: l.krisafi@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana, PhD candidate in International Relations Title: The Ideological economic relationship between Albania and Yugoslavia, 1945-1948 Abstract: During the years 1945 to 1948 Yugoslavia had an enormous impact and influence on Albania?s economy and economical development. This influence went so far as we can say that Albania and Yugoslavia in those years were economically united. They had a common currency, common custom unions, common economic plans. In those years they signed a lot of treaties between them to further their close economic relations. This close economic relationship between Albania and Yugoslavia was not based on real economic interests between two countries, but on ideological interests. The albanian government didn?t wish to have economic relations with Italy or other european countries, or even the United States, as it had been before the Second World War, but it preferred other communist countries and the one willing to help was Yugoslavia. The albanian government repeatedly considered this relationship as a democratic and sincere economic relationship between the two countries which aimed at helping the people and not just the foreigners who invested in albania, and it contrasted it with the so called imperialistic economic relationship that Albania had before the Second World War with Italy which aimed at using Albania?s natural resources without helping the common people. This economic relationship ended in 1948 because according to the albanian government, this relationship was not anymore democratic and sincere. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 592-592 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=76&rid=828 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100828 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Albania, Yugoslavia, economy, ideology, communism, imperialism. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Max Kubat Author-Name-First: Max Author-Name-Last: Kubat Author-Email: max.kubat@centrum.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague Title: Does Basel III bring anything new? A comparison between capital accords Basel II and Basel III Abstract: Basel Accords represent the most important documents of banking supervision. Basel II came into force almost at the same time as the financial crisis set in. Relatively soon after this, the work on the new capital accord known as Basel III was initiated. The question is whether the new agreement brings something really principally different from Basel II, or whether it is just a tool to reassure the public and markets with some form of stricter requirements. Basel Committee is based on G-20 countries representation. Introduction contains a brief explanation of how the Basel capital accords are reflected in European law. The first part of the article explains core principles of Basel II with several possible explanations of its failure. The second part clarifies the main principles of Basel III and compares them with Basel II. The criterion for comparison is search for fundamental distinctions between the introduced tools. From five monitored areas (definition of capital, capital requirements, risk coverage, leverage ratio, liquidity management) three of them meet this criterion. The redefinition of capital means only better clarification and unification of definitions. The risk coverage part focuses on technical issues, but no new risks are perceived. There is a significant change about new capital requirements. Two new buffers are requested. While previous capital requirement were based on direct connection with risks, the connection between capital conservation buffer and countercyclical buffer is only indirect to measured risks. Also the leverage ratio and liquidity management bring new tools and thus principle change. There is a significant change in leverage ratio that brings a new tool which is not based on risk. It makes the calculation easier and should avoid cheating in capital manipulation. Liquidity management is a completely new part of banking regulation measures, therefore there is nothing to compare with Basel II. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 593-593 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=77&rid=95 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100095 Classification-JEL: L51, F02, G28 Keywords: Basel capital accords; Basel II; Basel III; capital requirements; capital adequacy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Merike Kukk Author-Name-First: Merike Author-Name-Last: Kukk Author-Email: merike.kukk@ttu.ee Author-Workplace-Name: Tallinn University of Technology Title: Has Household Indebtedness Hampered Consumption during the Recession? Evidence from Micro Data Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of household debt on the consumption during the last reces-sion. The total financial debt has been raising markedly during the past three decades in ad-vanced economies and the discussion about economic implications of household debt has re-ceived high attention recently. Although several theoretical studies rely on the amplification effect of household debt when explaining the recent macroeconomic developments, there are only very few studies utilising micro data to confirm the underlying assumptions. Considering the increasing usage of household debt in macroeconomic models, there is a strong need for microeconomic evidence on the behaviour of indebted households. The current paper contrib-utes to filling the gap. This paper examines the implications of indebtedness in Estonia, a country which experienced the most vigorous increase in household debt burden among European countries during 2000-2007. The paper uses a database of a commercial bank that entails detailed information about financial liabilities and assets of individuals in a quarterly interval. The database is unique as it includes frequent financial information of ca 100,000 individuals for 7 years, 2005-2011 and enables to compare the consumption pattern of individuals in different periods of the business cycle. The paper estimates a conventional consumption model in which the debt variable is incorpo-rated. The indebtedness is measured by two variables, by debt-to-yearly income ratio and by yearly debt service ratio. Household indebtedness, either measured as debt-to-income ratio or debt service ratio, show significant negative impact on their consumption change over the whole period of 2006-2011. However, debt-to-income ratio expresses slightly decreasing neg-ative impact over the business cycle, the negative effect during the recession is no stronger than during the pre-crises period. On the other hand, the debt service ratio induces different consumption response during dif-ferent business cycle period. There is significant negative impact of debt service ratio on con-sumption during the recession period, i.e. in 2008-2009. Before and after the recession the negative impact is weaker. Hence amplifying effect of debt service ratio is detected for the recession. The upshot of the results is that it is not debt-to-income ratio but debt service ratio that cap-tures the amplification effect of indebtedness on consumption during the recession. In the literature the importance of the measure of debt-to-asset ratio is emphasized. The results of the paper suggest that debt service ratio contains interesting information about the link between indebtedness and consumption. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 594-594 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=78&rid=412 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100412 Classification-JEL: E21, D14, E32 Keywords: household indebtedness, debt repayment burden, debt-to-income ratio, amplification effect, recession Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Merike Kukk Author-Name-First: Merike Author-Name-Last: Kukk Author-Email: merike.kukk@ttu.ee Author-Workplace-Name: Tallinn University of Technology Title: Distinguishing the Components of Household Financial Wealth: the Impact of Liabilities on Assets in Euro Area Countries Abstract: This paper studies the interdependence of households? financial assets and liabilities in European countries. Most studies treat household liabilities as negative assets and relate households? decisions to their net wealth. However, the components of net wealth, i.e. financial liabilities, financial assets and real assets are very heterogeneous across households. The assumption of similar consumption behaviour among households with the same net wealth but different wealth components is implausible. This paper raises another question, namely whether households consider their indebtedness when they make decisions about their financial assets. The implication of household indebtedness for household behaviour is an important topic as household debt volumes have increased markedly in developed countries over the last three decades. There is a long list of research about household borrowing and the financial vulnerability of indebted households, but there has been less discussion about whether and how indebtedness affects households? behaviour beyond their borrowing decisions. The indebtedness has implications for households? consumption behaviour as well as for their choices regarding financial assets. There is a lack of empirical evidence on the effect of indebtedness on households? financial asset holdings in the middle of a recession. This paper sheds more light on the relationship between liabilities and financial asset holdings. The paper uses data from the recently introduced Household Finance and Consumption Sur-vey. The paper uses the first wave of the HFCS, which was implemented in 2009-2010 in 13 euro area countries. A system of equations for financial liabilities and financial assets is esti-mated while allowing for endogeneity of the two wealth components. Furthermore, selection bias issues are addressed by estimating the control equation for the selection model of debt ownership. The results suggest that households? liabilities impact households? financial assets negatively while no significant effect was found from financial assets to liabilities. The nega-tive impact of liabilities on financial assets remains after controls for the debt service burden and for saving to pay back debt are included. The results are confirmed by a large number of robustness tests. The findings provide empirical evidence for the theoretical assumption that credit markets reduce the holdings of financial assets of households. The results posit that increasing volumes of household debt are followed by lower incentives to keep financial assets. It is particularly important to understand how households? liabilities affect their other financial decisions as the penetration of debt and the volumes of debt have increased. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 595-595 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=79&rid=418 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100418 Classification-JEL: D14, E21, D12 Keywords: household debt, household wealth, financial assets, liabilities, financial vulnerability Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Joy Kutaka-Kennedy Author-Name-First: Joy Author-Name-Last: Kutaka-Kennedy Author-Email: joysv0@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National University Title: Fostering Creativity, Collaboration, and Accountability in the Online Classroom Abstract: Online learning is expanding at an exponential rate, with more than one third of all higher education students taking at least one course online (Allen & Seaman, 2011). However, dropout rates for online courses are 10-20% higher than for traditional, face-to-face courses (Carr, 2000). Many students report dissatisfaction with content, process, and lack of engagement. Besides lectures, video clips, assigned readings, and discussions, what can online instructors do to encourage creativity and collaboration in an virtual learning platform? How can instructors design and assess assignments that meet course learning objectives while also supporting creative and collaborative endeavors on students? parts? Online educators need to implement best practices; the static, instructor led discussions are not particularly supportive of student engagement (Adams, 2007). Done appropriately, online education can be an engaging, creative, collaborative venue for teaching and learning with the proper tools and supports. Contrary to popular misconception and fears, online learning can be an effective conduit of creative, dynamic student engagement. This session will present one assignments with multiple dimensions that actively engage student creativity and collaboration resulting in practical classroom tools for special education teachers. Students are required to create a Parent Newsletter to provide information about the teacher, his/her classroom procedures, and resources for families. They then share and critique each other?s work in small, online groups with clear documentation of everyone?s participation and responses. Using peers? feedback, students can refine their newsletters and submit it for final grading; an additional benefit is they have ideas to write future newsletters for their own classroom. Students report that they use these newsletters in their own classrooms. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 596-596 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=80&rid=994 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100994 Classification-JEL: I29, I23, I21 Keywords: Online education; Creativity; Collaboration; Accountability Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100994 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Payao Lakateb Author-Name-First: Payao Author-Name-Last: Lakateb Author-Email: plakateb@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University Title: Hermeneutic phenomenology to explore the student teacher in professional experience Abstract: This research attempts to explore how the student teacher conceptualizes teaching, being a teacher through their professional experiences. This study used hermeneutic phenomenology as a research approaches to explored perceptions and lived experience of student teachers in Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. The study focus on student teacherâ?? self-perception of notions of practice, good teaching and a good teacher. Key Informants in this study were 5 student teachers who are in during professional experience placements. Their transcripts were individually analyzed in order to extract themes. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed according to van Manen (1990). This study found that student teacher perception and feelings were three themes of meaning of motivation to become a teacher. 1) being a teacher as a learning experience and social support 2) teacher professional socialization as a subconscious process whereby persons internalize behavioral norms and standards and form a sense of identity and commitment to a professional field 3) being a teacher is related to a model of good teacher. The meaning of being a teacher were three themes such as intellectual content, intentional fulfillment for student and treat them with love and compassion. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 597-602 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=81&rid=420 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100420 Classification-JEL: Keywords: hermeneutic phenomenology, student teacher, professional experience. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: TINGTING LI Author-Name-First: TINGTING Author-Name-Last: LI Author-Email: tingting.li@ncl.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Newcastle University Title: Ethical Issues of Citizen Journalism in China ? Taking ?Human Flesh Search Engine? Phenomenon As an Example Abstract: Media landscape in mainland China is generally considered as lack of freedom by many media critics, for the Chinese government and Communist Party control the mainstream media, manipulating the agenda setting and restraining citizens? expression (Emmons, 2001; Lu and Weber, 2007). However, recently, the advancement of new media technologies especially Web 2.0 technology has stimulated the flourishing of citizen journalism in China, for the new technologies empower ordinary citizens to actively engage in reporting, disseminating and deliberating public issues via social networking websites, which is challenging, developing and modifying Chinese media world (Nip, 2009). Nevertheless, with the rapid development of citizen journalism in China, a wide range of ethical issues such as inaccuracy, online violence and threatens to human rights are simultaneously rising. The ethical codes for citizen journalists are increasingly required to be developed even though there is still few of academic research focusing on this aspect. This research intended to explore main ethical issues of citizen journalism in China by analysing three cases caused by a web-based collaboration ?Human Flesh Search Engine? (HFSE)(literally referring to online manhunt). In China, citizen journalism has positively influenced the disclosure of social injustices and undercover of corruptive issues, which could be effectively demonstrated by the HFSE phenomenon. Narrowly speaking, HFSE is usually recognised as a process that Chinese netizens investigate and broadcast personal identity of people who are believed as involving in corruptions and behaving immorally (Ong, 2012). Although it is a positive illustation of citizen empowerment, civic engagement and practices of free speech, a large amount of significant HSFE events are condemned as overly antagonistic and immoral, resulting in reconsiderations of ethical and legal issues (Tao and Chao, 2011).As a result, by analysing three significant events in the history of HFSE, including kitten killer, death blog and graffiti scandal, this research has been found that HFSE will cause certain ethical problems, such as mob violence, public shaming, humiliating and threatens to individuals? privacy. This essay firstly suggested that citizen journalists? self exposure of personal background can decrease the possibilities of cyber bullying; additionally, citizen journalists should be responsible for clarifying sources in order to ensure the accuracy of reporting; and finally, for avoiding invasion of objects? private rights, participants of HFSE should be sensible to minimise harms that might brought by their contribution. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 603-603 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=82&rid=1001 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101001 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Ethics; Citizen Journalism; China; Human Flesh Search Engine Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: YU-CHIH LIN Author-Name-First: YU-CHIH Author-Name-Last: LIN Author-Email: y.c.lin2@ncl.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Newcastle University, UK Title: Changing Political Economy, Policies, and Journalism: The conflicts between journalists, media organizations and the government in Taiwan (2003-2013) Abstract: Over the last decade, the media environment in Taiwan has changed dramatically. A global magazine 'Foreign Policy', on 20th February 2014, specifically discussed these issues and described Taiwanese media as sensationalist without depth. In deed, the exaggerated and lurid news contents are the productions of Taiwanese journalism; however, the most important question worthy of examining is the phenomenon or the problem embedded in the political economy, the policies and the journalistic field in Taiwan. This research focuses on how the changing political economy and policies have changed media environment and the conflicts journalists have struggled towards media organizations and the government from 2003 to 2013. In 2003, the government in Taiwan announced a policy, governmental product placement, in order to promote policies or governors in news without informing audiences or readers the news was purchased by the government. This policy has changed the media environment in Taiwan for more than ten years due to the so- called democratic government using money to manipulate journalism and interfere with the production of news. This paper explores how governmental product placement has influenced the media environment and the conflicts of individual journalists with the government and media organizations from 2003 to 2013. The concepts of Bourdieu, the critical political economy of journalism and the crisis of neoliberalism are the theoretical framework of this research. This research adopted semi-structured, in-depth interviewing to do fieldwork in Taiwan from 17th July to 21st September 2013 and interviewed 30 journalists working for the most influential 13 TV stations. The informants were 7 males and 23 females with 2 to 21-year working experiences. Their positions were junior journalists, senior journalists, TV presenters and chief editors.The findings of this research are mainly four aspects: First, news in Taiwan has become definitely a commodity with very clear selling and purchasing deals. Sometimes, it might be buy one get one free deal. Sometimes, news might be not for individual sale, but for a package sale with advertisements. Second, journalists towards the conflicts against professional journalism might choose to compromise due to ?salary?. Without enough economic capital, they do not dare to fight. They choose to survive rather than fight for professional journalism. Even though few journalists try to fight for professionalism, finally, they might be disappointed and choose to leave the journalistic industry.Third, even though journalists try hard to accumulate their capital, when they achieve higher positions, they are satisfied with what they own, the economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital. They might complain the media environment, but they see no reasons to fight for professional journalism. Fourth, the government in Taiwan might interfere with the process of news production. The government might directly ask journalists to report the specific angels or even ask to check the news content beforehand. The roles of media organizations are essential; if media organizations allow the government to check the news before broadcasting, journalists might suffer more conflicts and struggle more. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 604-605 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=83&rid=699 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100699 Classification-JEL: P16, F68, D29 Keywords: governmental product placement; news; commodity; professional journalism; conflict; field; habitus; capital; critical political economy; neoliberalism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Daim Mahanum Author-Name-First: Daim Author-Name-Last: Mahanum Author-Email: anumdaim@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Pahang Author-Name: Yuserrie Zainuddin Author-Name-First: Yuserrie Author-Name-Last: Zainuddin Author-Email: yuserrie@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Pahang Author-Name: M.D. Rozaida Author-Name-First: M.D. Author-Name-Last: Rozaida Author-Email: rozaidamd@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Pahang Title: The Importance of Policy to promote Transparency in E-Government projects using Technology Acceptance Model Abstract: This paper describes the importance of government policy and how it is translated into practice to promote transparency in e-government projects. E-procurement is Government to Business (G2B) relationship. It is part of the E-Government projects also known as end to end web based application and electronic procurement solution system which enables Federal Government agencies and suppliers to procure products and services online. One of the weaknesses and irregularities found in implementing the procurement is when it was not managed according to established regulation and it gives the Government a bad impression as well as the public service in the eye of the public, the political parties and investors when these weaknesses are reported by the media. Prior to the weaknesses, the level of transparency should be increased in Government procurement by committing best practices. This study examines from users? and supplier?s perspective by using framework to test the relationships between procurement policies, perceived ease of use, perceives usefulness and transparency. To achieve the objective of the study; a well-structured questionnaire will be used to collect data from 100 e-procurement projects known as primary sources. Hierarchical regression analysis will be used to analyse the data. Based on the findings, the framework will then be used and reviewed as a direction to other e-government projects in Malaysia. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 606-606 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=84&rid=690 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100690 Classification-JEL: Keywords: policy, transparency, e-procurement, perceived ease of use, perceives usefulness Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mahlomaholo Geoffrey Mahlomaholo Author-Name-First: Mahlomaholo Geoffrey Author-Name-Last: Mahlomaholo Author-Email: mahlomaholomg@ufs.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Free State Title: Learning of mathematics and language barriers: understanding basis for sustainable learning Abstract: In this paper I show how the understanding of mathematical conceptualisation from the lowest levels to the higher order cognitive functioning is based on fluency in a language of teaching and learning. The argument I pursue is informed by many theories of learning which emphasise the importance of language as the symbolic order through which meaning is created, coded, disseminated, decoded and understood. Language also enables the learner of whatever subject to be able to make the otherwise concrete world to be portable and ideational. In fact knowledge consists of concrete material objects represented in abstract form of ideas thus understood to be knowledge. Informed by this theorisation I report in this paper on how learners of mathematics in some 51 schools in South Africa examined on the English language at grades 10 to 12 showed correlating performance in mathematical conceptualisation in terms of manipulative procedures, logical reasoning, problem-solving, number and function concept. The conclusion and recommendation I come to is that for high order cognitive functioning in mathematics to occur, there has to be concerted efforts to create sustainable learning environments in and through the language of teaching and learning. The paper comes to an end with a discussion of how such learning environments can be creating based on findings from related research contexts. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 607-607 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=85&rid=17 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100017 Classification-JEL: I29, I24, I21 Keywords: sustainable learning environments, mathematical conceptualisation, language in learning manipulative procedures, logical reasoning, problem-solving, number and function concept, Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100017 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelaziz Mahrez Author-Name-First: Abdelaziz Author-Name-Last: Mahrez Author-Email: aziz112@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Sohar univeristy Author-Name: Sami Said Al Wahibi Author-Name-First: Sami Author-Name-Last: Said Al Wahibi Author-Email: aziz112@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Sohar University Title: Assessment of the public's perceptions about the transport services in Oman Abstract: The transport sector is having a great attention from governments around the world, especially because of the increasing population, its importance and its necessity for community life. Recently, many countries in the Middle East have turned their attention towards developing and improving their public transport systems, as problems such as traffic congestions in cities, low mobility and high individual costs of transport. This study aims to assess and understand the public?s perception about the situation of the existing transport services in the Sultanate of Oman and indentifies the reasons or ways to boost this sector. The findings of this study showed a positive response from the citizens about public transport and its use. The unavailability of suitable modes of public transport options, their inadequacy in terms of numbers and frequency, and the low level of people?s exposure and awareness of different transport modes have constrained people to use personal vehicles. There is a growing need to introduce newer public transport services in Oman and bolster these services as well as the existing infrastructure to stimulate economic development, increase road safety, and to combat environmental problems. It is recommended to develop innovative solutions and awareness programs to increase individual and collective consciousness about public transport and to encourage people to adopt and use public transport. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 608-620 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=86&rid=384 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100384 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Public transport,Public Perception, Oman transport Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Wustari Mangundjaya Author-Name-First: Wustari Author-Name-Last: Mangundjaya Author-Email: wustari@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Psychology Universitas Indonesia Author-Name: Budi Soetjipto Author-Name-First: Budi Author-Name-Last: Soetjipto Author-Email: bsoetjipto@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics Universitas Indonesia Title: How External Environment and Internal Organization contribute in Commitment to Change? (Study at organizational change in state owned organizations in Indonesia) Abstract: The success of organizational change was influenced by many factors, and some of them are the conditions of external environments and internal organization. This study is trying to identify the role and contribution of employee?s perception about external environment and internal organization in relations with commitment to change. The study was conducted at financial state owned organizations with 539 respondents, using Organizational Trust and Organizational Task Environment as data collection tools. The study revealed that both perceptions of employee?s about external environment and internal organization, (organizational trust), have positive and significant correlation and contributions in commitment to change. The results also showed that organizational trust have more contribution to commitment to change, compares to organizational task environment. The implications of the study can be used to strengthen the understanding about the process of organizational change, through increasing employee?s commitment by boosting the two variables, namely organizational trust, and positive perceptions about external environments, especially organizational trust. This study also important in change management, as it was understood from the previous research that leader and its leadership style is important in the success of organizational change, however in this study it showed that as organizational trust is the important variable. Length: 4 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 621-624 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=87&rid=6 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100006 Classification-JEL: L20, L29 Keywords: perceptions of external environment, internal organization, organizational trust, commitment to change. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Wustari Mangundjaya Author-Name-First: Wustari Author-Name-Last: Mangundjaya Author-Email: wustari@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Psychology Universitas Indonesia Title: Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Task Environment in Commitment to Change Abstract: The purpose of this study is to elaborate the role of psychological empowerment, and perceptions of external environment in committing employees with organizational change. This study tested the effect of dimensions of psychological empowerment as well as the effect of employee?s perception on external environment on organizational commitment to change in financial state owned organizations in Indonesia. Data was gathered from 539 employees working in financial state owned organizations in Indonesia. Data collection was using Organizational Task Environment, Psychological Empowerment and Commitment to Change inventories. Results showed the significant effect of Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Task Environment on commitment to change. Results also showed that perceptions on external environment have more contribution to commitment to change compares to psychological empowerment. Moreover, the study also revealed that all dimensions of Organizational Task Environment (capacity, dynamism and complexity) have significant effect on commitment to change, with capacity has the strongest impact on commitment to change. Likewise, all psychological empowerment dimensions (meaning, competence, self-determination and impact) has significant effect on commitment to change, with meaning has the highest contribution to commitment to change. This study is a contribution to theory and practice of change management, with an increased understanding on commitment to change, psychological empowerment and perceptions of external environments in committing the employees with the organizational change. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 625-625 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=88&rid=7 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100007 Classification-JEL: L20, L29 Keywords: Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Task Environment, Commitment to Change and Organizational Change. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Angelos Markou Author-Name-First: Angelos Author-Name-Last: Markou Author-Email: angelmarkou88@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia Author-Name: Maria Karamitrou Author-Name-First: Maria Author-Name-Last: Karamitrou Author-Email: karamitroumaria90@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia Title: Public Debt and Growth in Greece. An Empirical Approach. Abstract: On this paper is conducted a study on the impact that will have the public debt to the growth rate of Greece for the period 2014-2017. Along with the estimation, in order to be a comprehensive picture of public debt and growth in Greece we proceeded with a presentation of data for the period 1975-2012. The estimations were made, using econometric model for growth designed specifically to describe and estimate the growth rate, for this country. The estimations for public debt were made by using the standard type of debt to GDP ratio. In order to examine whether Greece?s public debt has positive impact or not on its growth, a linear model has been used for this relationship. The results of research showed a further decline of the Greek economy meaning the continuation of country?s recessionary path will and the public debt levels will remain high. Therefore the relationship between public debt and growth will be negative. In the end we make some useful conclusions on Greece?s public debt and growth, presenting reliable solutions in order to be avoided any further downturn of the economy. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 626-639 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=89&rid=960 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100960 Classification-JEL: C01, H63, O40 Keywords: Public debt, Growth rate, Greece, Public debt crisis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100960 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bruce Marlowe Author-Name-First: Bruce Author-Name-Last: Marlowe Author-Email: bmarlowe@rwu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Roger Williams University Author-Name: Alan Canestrari Author-Name-First: Alan Author-Name-Last: Canestrari Author-Email: acanestrari@rwu.eedu Author-Workplace-Name: Roger Williams University Author-Name: Marilyn Page Author-Name-First: Marilyn Author-Name-Last: Page Author-Email: drmarilynpage@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Independent Consultant Title: Sustaining Change Through Inquiry-Based Professional Development Abstract: This study was based on a series of professional development workshops held over a two-year period with the entire complement of history and social studies teachers (n = 53) in a large mid-western school district in the United States. The primary purpose of this study was to discover which factors were perceived to be most powerful in contributing to the sustainability of district-wide change. The workshops offered a practical guide to help teachers understand the tenets of constructivism, presented a compelling argument for why an inquiry-based pedagogy is more powerful than are traditional models of social studies instruction, modeled constructivist approaches for the classroom, and guided teachers through the design, development, implementation, and analysis of constructivist teaching practices. Length: 4 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 640-643 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=90&rid=439 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100439 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Teacher development; constructivism; teacher change Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yousra Mekdad Author-Name-First: Yousra Author-Name-Last: Mekdad Author-Email: mekdad_sousou@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Jijel Author-Name: Aziz Dahmani Author-Name-First: Aziz Author-Name-Last: Dahmani Author-Email: dahmani_aziz@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of bechar Author-Name: Monir Louadj Author-Name-First: Monir Author-Name-Last: Louadj Author-Email: louadj2000@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: University of jijel Title: Public spending on education and Economic Growth in Algeria: Causality Test Abstract: In this article, we seek to study the relationship between education and economic growth.For this purpose, we studied multipleentrances(dimension ) information relating education and Economic Growth on theoretical and empirical background in the first, as the second part of study to analysis and examine the effect of Public spendingon education on economic growth in Algeria over the period 1974-2012. with the use of endogenous growth model. In this model, gross domestic product(GDP) is based on the Cobb Douglas form which is the function was adoptedwith five variables: Real Gross National Product (GDP), Capital (K), Labor (L), Expenditure on Education (SEDU). Two unit root tests (Philips-Perron Test) have been employed to test the integration order of the variables.study uses Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Johansen Co-integration test and Causality Test is as analytical techniques for this purpose. The empirical results support the main hypothesis of this study that Public spending on education affects positively economic growth in Algeria. Even though that the most important effect on economic growth is for education, the other three explanatory variables affect also, positively, the economic growth; yet their effect is relatively less important than the effect of education. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 644-663 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=91&rid=1002 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101002 Classification-JEL: A10, A20, C59 Keywords: Economic Growth; Public spending on education; Co-integration Analysis; Causality Tests. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101002 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Danijela Milo? Spr?i? Author-Name-First: Danijela Author-Name-Last: Milo? Spr?i? Author-Email: dmilos@efzg.hr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb Author-Name: Marina Me?in Author-Name-First: Marina Author-Name-Last: Me?in Author-Email: mmesin@efzg.hr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb Author-Name: Mojca Marc Author-Name-First: Mojca Author-Name-Last: Marc Author-Email: mojca.marc@ef.uni-lj.si Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana Title: IMPACT OF ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT ON THE COMPANY?S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN A PERIOD OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS Abstract: The global financial crisis has focused attention to the proper identification, analysis and management of key business risks because inadequate risk assessment has been identified as one of the main factors of a failure or financial difficulties of a large number of organizations worldwide. Hence, inadequate risk management has become a problem of a broader social interest, resulting in recommendations of the OECD and the European Commission on the necessary changes in the existing risk management systems. As a result, an increasing number of companies are moving on from traditional silo-based risk management (TRM), where different corporate risks were managed on the individual basis without taking into account their correlations, toward ERM, where a holistic view of corporate risks is conducted and overall risk exposure is assessed. There is a belief among increasing number of scholars that ERM offers companies a more comprehensive approach toward risk management in comparison to TRM. By adopting a systematic and consistent approach to managing all of the risks confronting an organization, ERM is presumed to lower a firm?s overall risk of a failure and thus increase the performance and, in turn, the value of the organization. However, a comprehensive research to prove a positive statistically significant relationship between the use of ERM and performance indicators of non-financial companies has not been conducted so far. The purpose of this comprehensive study is to examine the effect of ERM implementation, and to explore whether firms adopting ERM actually achieve better financial results consistent with the claimed benefits of ERM, especially in the time of severe market conditions. To our best knowledge, little research exists on the effect of ERM to the company?s performance and value, and in particular on the effect of ERM to the performance and value of non-financial companies. This is the first comprehensive research conducted on the large sample of U.S. non-financial companies that are in the market index S&P 500. Previous ERM studies explored if ERM affects company?s value only. In our research we analyse if ERM affects company?s profitability, business risk, growth potential, liquidity and value. Our study differs from others as we explore if companies that implemented ERM before the Global financial crisis performed better in the period of crisis in comparison to companies that did not implemented ERM. This research objective is accomplished by performing MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) between ERM and no-ERM companies. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 664-665 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=92&rid=931 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100931 Classification-JEL: G30, H12 Keywords: Enterprise Risk Management, Global financial crisis, financial performance, U.S. market, non-financial companies Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100931 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Badaruddin Mohamed Author-Name-First: Badaruddin Author-Name-Last: Mohamed Author-Email: profbadar@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia Author-Name: Tarmiji Masron Author-Name-First: Tarmiji Author-Name-Last: Masron Author-Email: egisusm@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia Title: The Indigenous Forest Navigational System among the Penan Community of Sarawak, Malaysia Abstract: The Penans, one of the indigenous communities in the Malaysian state of Sarawak (Borneo) used to live the nomadic lives. Today, many have settled down in villages along riverbanks, and resorted to do small farming. Despite this, they still venture into the jungle to gather jungle produces and hunting. They have developed a close and personal relationship with the jungle. Their lifestyle also requires them to equip themselves with deep knowledge of the jungle. Their journey into the jungle can be between few days to few months. The group usually consists of two or more people. The deep rainforests may form various challenges to Penans, thus they have developed a unique sign system, called ?oro? to help them navigating the dense forest. This indigenous system also leaves signs to fellow trekkers to locate them if any untoward incidence occurs. This paper shares some of these unique practices and symbols used by the Penans people in navigating the forests which form part and parcel of their lives. It gives insights of the ?oro? and how the knowledge being transferred from one generation to the next. The concept of tacit knowledge refers to knowledge possessed only by an individual and difficult to communicate to others via words and symbols. While much of these knowledge are taught theoretically in classrooms, the teaching and learning among the Penans of Sarawak often take place in-situ, impromptu and unconscious. The knowledge exchanges usually take place between older and younger generation onsite, experienced and eventually transferred. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 666-666 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=93&rid=726 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100726 Classification-JEL: D83 Keywords: Oro, Indigenous Knowledge, Traveling Culture, Knowledge Transfer, Malaysia, local wisdom Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100726 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Suhaida Mohd Amin Author-Name-First: Suhaida Author-Name-Last: Mohd Amin Author-Email: suhaidama@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics & Administration, University of Malaya (UM) Author-Name: Nurulhuda Mohd Satar Author-Name-First: Nurulhuda Author-Name-Last: Mohd Satar Author-Email: nurulhuda@um.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics & Administration, University of Malaya (UM) Author-Name: Su Fei Yap Author-Name-First: Su Fei Author-Name-Last: Yap Author-Email: g2yss@um.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics & Administration, University of Malaya (UM) Author-Name: Mohd Faizal P.Rameli Author-Name-First: Mohd Faizal Author-Name-Last: P.Rameli Author-Email: faizal061@bdrmelaka.uitm.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Title: Benefit on the accessibility of the internet to educated women in Malaysia Abstract: Low rate of labor force participation among women has always been a focus issue in the development agenda of many countries due to the ?absent women? will represent a loss of skills and brain drain from the workforce. This is especially true given the fact that there is a greater number of women enrolled in tertiary education. Low participation rate among highly educated women thus will affect the return on education especially among developing countries. In Malaysia, female participation rate in the labor force remained around 44 to 48 percent within 30 years and employed women is dominated by those with secondary educational attainment while those with tertiary education contributes only 32% to total women participated in the labor market. The main reason for educated women dropping out from labor force is difficulty to balance between career and family lives. When they need to make a choice, women will often prioritize family rather than their career. The emergence of the internet is deemed as a partial solution to this problem. High accessibility to the internet would be able to help manage and balance between family and work. With high accessibility to ICT, women can also work from home or any other location than the office or project site. Therefore, time can be saved and could be manage according to their own time preferences, costs and stress of commuting for employees will be reduced if they could do their job anywhere, including at home. Like many other countries in the world, Malaysians received rapid technological advancement from day to day. In year 2012, 65.8 percent of individuals have access to the internet as compared to 21.4 per cent in year 2000. Thus, to examine benefits that could be obtained by educated women with internet access, a total of 943 women with tertiary education answered the online questionnaire. This study will explore how educated women benefit from internet access at their homes. For those who work, this study will determine how access to the internet could help to balance their responsibilities of career and family life. For those who do not work, the research tries to find out the extent of their confidence in term of how high access to the internet can help them return to work without leaving the care of the household. The findings from this study help us to understand the willingness of women to work and be in the labor market with high internet accessibility. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 667-667 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=94&rid=230 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100230 Classification-JEL: J22, J21, J24 Keywords: accessibility, internet, educated women, Malaysia, labor force Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hamdia Mudor Author-Name-First: Hamdia Author-Name-Last: Mudor Author-Email: anandia@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University Title: Organizational Cultures, Knowledge Management, Organizational Effectiveness: The Relationship and Conceptual Framework Abstract: One of the major challenges an organization faces is to manage its knowledge asset, the use of knowledge is seen as basis for organizational effectiveness. This study investigates the conceptual framework of organizational culture has been significant affected knowledge management, and also examine the relationship of both variables with organizational effectiveness. The results indicate that organizational cultures are positively associated with knowledge management as well as organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, knowledge management is positively related to organizational effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Length: 19 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 668-686 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=95&rid=248 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100248 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Organizational Cultures, Knowledge Management, Organizational Effectiveness Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Adibah Muhtar Author-Name-First: Adibah Author-Name-Last: Muhtar Author-Email: ummu_wafi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA (UTM) Author-Name: Akmaliza Abdullah Author-Name-First: Akmaliza Author-Name-Last: Abdullah Author-Email: a_akmaliza@utm.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Author-Name: Siti Suhaila Ihwani Author-Name-First: Siti Suhaila Author-Name-Last: Ihwani Author-Email: sitisuhaila@utm.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Title: Revisiting the Muslim Feminists? Discourse on Gender Equality Abstract: The concept of gender deals with women's and men's place in society and social expectations from them. Gender relations vary from society to society and they are shaped in historical process. Gender equality, concisely defined as equal rights, opportunities and treatment between men and women, is yet an on-going contentious concept among Muslim feminists and women activists. Of late, gender studies have garnered a large number of interests from researchers across the globe, not to mention the Muslim World. The awareness of gender and Feminism in Muslim societies emerged by end of 19th century, namely in Middle East countries like Egypt, Turkey and Iran. Initially, Muslim women?s movement had been focusing on claiming women?s rights in public sector particularly in education, along with the Nationalism campaigns. However, as the Muslim feminist scholarship expands and grows, the discourse is shifted to contending Islamic Law pertaining women, attempting to reinterpret and re-read Islamic sources, and eventually reconstruct the Shari?ah or Islamic Law.The Muslims by and large are looking into this debatable notion from three standpoints. First, those who advocate total equality between men and women in every spheres of life, regardless of the differences in the natures and traits between both parties, physically and psychologically. Second, at the opposing end those who deny much of women?s rights and inevitably practice bias towards women in their customs and traditions, which subsequently create some kind of defensive and rebellious reactions from women. Third, those who advocate the moderate approach in dealing with gender issues, and seeking for the best appealing viewpoint by highlighting the ?complementary idea? in men-women relation. Hence, this paper attempts to revisit the trajectory of Muslim feminists and put forward the discursive notion of gender equality among Muslim scholarships, accentuating the various perspectives and approaches in dealing with it. It proposes that even though gender is not specifically discussed as a distinctive theme in Islam by early Muslim scholars, it nevertheless allocates distinctive status, rights and opportunities for women, corresponding to their distinctive natures and traits. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 687-687 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=96&rid=868 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100868 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Muslim feminist, woman, gender, equality, feminism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100868 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammadrorfee-E Musor Author-Name-First: Muhammadrorfee-E Author-Name-Last: Musor Author-Email: rofee.2521@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University Title: The implementation of Islamic family law in a Malay Muslim society in the three border provinces of southern Thailand. Abstract: The Islamic family law widely implemented within Muslim communities in the world but it manifested differently in different culture, legal and institutional context. In this incident research is a documentary research which objectives of the study are to explore the historical background of a Malay Muslim society in the three border provinces of southern Thailand to understand characteristics of legal system in this area and discuss about the implementation of Islamic family law in a Malay Muslim society which can be seen as minority group in Thailand. The study found that the current Malay Muslim society has been influenced by three historical periods: pre-Hindu, Hindu and Islamic periods. The Islamic family law is not associate with the state or territorial power, nor is it the law of general application. The rules of Islamic family law are local, non-literary and non-textual. The Islamic family law was limited only within the villages level. There is no institution responsible for enforcing this law. Therefore, there are many obstacles of the administration of Islamic family law which is effected to a Malay Muslim in that area in order to access to justice by using Islamic family law. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 688-696 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=97&rid=333 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100333 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Islamic family law; legal pluralism; Malay Muslim society; law and society Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Habibollah Naderi Author-Name-First: Habibollah Author-Name-Last: Naderi Author-Email: h.naderi@umz.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: University of mazandaran Author-Name: M Zareh Author-Name-First: M Author-Name-Last: Zareh Author-Email: h.naderi@umz.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: University Title: Gender differences in mental health among student Abstract: The present study was designed to compare the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of students in Mazandaran province and carried out a study of the correlation Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire of 90 questions measuring tools - it is designed as a five- option Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire-28 and Hiller. Statistical analysis of the data using descriptive statistics (tables, charts, frequency) and inferential statistics. (Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test) was performed in statistical software spss. Evidence that there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of children. Ordinary boys and girls, there are differences between emotional intelligence. Mental health and boys and girls are different. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 697-706 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=98&rid=258 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100258 Classification-JEL: I29, I29, I29 Keywords: Keywords: emotional intelligence, mental health Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Vita Nemenova Author-Name-First: Vita Author-Name-Last: Nemenova Author-Email: vitanemenova@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Riga Stradins University (RSU) Title: Conditions of validity of the cession agreement and the claim?s transition in the European and the Latvian Civil Law Abstract: For the cession to be in effect the following is required 1) the claim must belong to the assignor, 2) the assignor must have power to act with the claim, 3) the claim under assignment must be defined.That is why assigning a claim, the principle ?nemo plus juris ad alium transferre potest, quam ipse habet? is determinative. There is no rights visibility bearer, whom the beneficiary could trust; then honest claim acquisition from an unauthorized person is excluded. Considering the first precondition, a question about the future claim admissibility arises (previous or anticipated cession). We should agree with the scientists who admit the possibility of such cession. The cession agreement is valid only if the assignor has the powers to act with the claim or, which is the same, the rights to act with the claim. The rights to act with the claim in relation to the claim mean the related rights with the nature transforming the action?. The assignor?s power to act with the claim is required at the moment when the cession agreement comes into effect. If the creditor assigns the claim to other person, then he has no rights anymore to act with it: when the claim moves to the assignee, the assignor?s action rights become ?empty?. After this moment the claim belongs to the assignee, who according to the law receives rights to act with this claim. If the creditor has assigned one and the same claim several times, the assignee who is the first by time receives it.Like other directions, the cession agreement is subordinated to the principle of determination or speciality (Bestimmtheits- oder Spezialitätsprinzip): the contents of this agreement must make it possible to determine the claim, which belongs to the assignor. Contrariwise, in the obligations agreement, when the claims are the debt subject, its determination also by the family features is allowed. The assigned claim moves to the assignee ?in that volume and upon such conditions, which had existed at the moment of rights transition? or, like the people studying civil law usually say, in the condition, in which it was at this moment. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 707-707 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=99&rid=150 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100150 Classification-JEL: Keywords: cession, creditor, debtor, grantor, grantee Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul Hafaz Ngah Author-Name-First: Abdul Hafaz Author-Name-Last: Ngah Author-Email: hafazngah@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Author-Name: Yuserrie Zainuddin Author-Name-First: Yuserrie Author-Name-Last: Zainuddin Author-Email: yuserrie@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Pahang Author-Name: Ramayah Thurasamy Author-Name-First: Ramayah Author-Name-Last: Thurasamy Author-Email: ramayah@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Malaysia Title: Barriers and enablers in adopting Halal transportation services: A study of Malaysian Halal Manufacturers Abstract: The increasing demand for Halal products by Muslim consumers due to their religious obligation has created new services known as the Halal transportation services. These services are specially designed to meet the demand from the Halal manufacturers to maintain the integrity of their Halal products. However, the adoption of the halal transportation services in Malaysia is relatively low. By adopting the TOE framework, this study will try to identify the enablers influencing and barriers impeding the Halal manufacturers from adopting the Halal transportation services. Using the systematic sampling method, data was gathered from 140 participants of the Malaysia International Halal Showcase (MIHAS) 2013. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was used to test the relationship between the research model construct. The findings show that perceived benefits, organizational readiness, customer pressure and competitive pressure are significant enablers for the adoption decision. Meanwhile, the complexity was found as a barrier to the adoption and government support was found to be a not significant factor to the adoption of Halal transportation. The findings, besides presenting the suitability of PLS in statistical analysis, have also provided useful information to a better understanding regarding the enablers and barriers to the adoption of Halal transportation services. Halal service providers and government agencies which are related to the Halal services could use the findings to make a proper plan in enhancing the adoption of Halal services among Halal industry players. The limitation, implication and suggestion for future research are also discussed. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 708-708 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=100&rid=328 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100328 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Halal transportation ; enablers to adoption, barriers to the adoption ; Halal Manufacturers inMalaysia; TOE framework, PLS Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dra?en Njega? Author-Name-First: Dra?en Author-Name-Last: Njega? Author-Email: dnjegac@geog.pmf.hr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography Author-Name: Aleksandar Toski? Author-Name-First: Aleksandar Author-Name-Last: Toski? Author-Email: atoskic@geog.pmf.hr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography Author-Name: Zoran Curi? Author-Name-First: Zoran Author-Name-Last: Curi? Author-Email: zcuric@geog.pmf.hr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography Title: Urban system and administrative-territorial organization of Croatia Abstract: This work deals with the necessity of reforming the administrative-territorial organization considering the characteristics of the urban system and settlement structure of Croatia. Up until the 1990s the basic unit of administrative-territorial organization in Croatia was the municipality ? in total approximately one hundred of them. During the thirty years period (1963-1992) of their existence, the municipalities became autonomous political and economic units. Such municipal system influenced spatial structures and processes and had an impact on the development of Croatia?s urban system. Municipal centers (mainly small and medium sized cities) became spontaneous centers of polarized development on the local levels. After the political and economic changes in the 1990s, a new administrative-territorial organization was introduced. Today Croatia consists of two levels of administrative units - counties (21 higher level units) and municipalities (556 lower level units, with reduced jurisdictions as opposed to previous ones; their average size is around 102 km2 and population around 7700). This new administrative-territorial organization, based on the considerably greater jurisdiction of larger ? regional territorial units, in which the smaller, local ones no longer have the opportunity of economic decision-making, modified the basic character of the impact the administrative-territorial organization had on spatial structures and processes, and thereby on the urban system and regional development. In such circumstances the smaller cities (apart from county seats) no more have the importance they had before. As the counties have become the basic planning units and were given the jurisdiction for balancing and improving economic and social development in their large territories, even some of the smaller county seats are not strong enough to support such development. Therefore it is necessary to increase the importance of municipalities by reducing their total number at least by half and increasing their territory as well as jurisdictions by giving them opportunities to autonomously plan their development. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 709-709 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=101&rid=969 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100969 Classification-JEL: R58 Keywords: Urban system, administrative-territorial organization, regional development, county, municipality, Croatia Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: BENSON MBONU OGBONNA Author-Name-First: BENSON MBONU Author-Name-Last: OGBONNA Author-Email: drbenogbonna@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Abia State University, Author-Name: Kalu Ebi Uma Author-Name-First: Kalu Ebi Author-Name-Last: Uma Author-Email: kaluskyebng@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics & Development Studies, Federal University, Ndufu Alike-Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Title: DOES TRANSPORTATION SECTOR HAVE ANY IMPACT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT? NIGERIA IN FOCUS Abstract: The paper examined the effect of transportation network in Nigeria over the years using sub-sector output time series data (road transport, rail transport, air transport and water way) ranging from 1981-2009. We ascertain the impact of the sub-sectors outputs on the real gross domestic product, a measure of economic development. The time series property was ascertained using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests. Almost all the variables were integrated of order two as shown by the ADF statistic, which led to the examination for long-run relationship using Johansen rank co-integration test. The outcome implies a long-run relationship. Ordinary least square approach was employed in the data analysis. The results revealed that only road transport impacted significantly on the real gross domestic product (RGDP). However, the joint effect of the variables on the economy was statistical significant based on the F-statistic. Hence, we made the following recommendations, among others: sufficient and consistent resources should be budgeted and allocated to transportation capital expenditure; private domestic and foreign investors can be contracted to establish transport infrastructure and given a period of time to recoup cost of investment and profit margin. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 710-710 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=102&rid=855 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100855 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Economic development, impact, transport sector, infrastructure Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: AMIRUL FAIZ OSMAN Author-Name-First: AMIRUL FAIZ Author-Name-Last: OSMAN Author-Email: amirulfaiz83@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE , INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA Title: AN ANALYSIS OF CASH WAQF PARTICIPATION AMONG YOUNG INTELLECTUALS Abstract: Considering the importance of cash waqf in developing waqf institutions and enhances the social economic of ummah. Yet, the literature that contributes to a social psychological understanding of the factors that underlie an individual's decision to donate to cash waqf has been extremely inadequate. This study therefore is aimed at examining the determinants of donor (waqif) intention to participate in giving cash waqf in the context of muslim in Malaysia particularly amongst young intellectual at the International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM). Employing a theory of planned behavior model as a baseline theory, a set of questionnaire is constructed to measure donor (waqif) giving intention behavior and data are analyzed accordingly. Concerned with findings, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control are instrumental in determining cash waqf participation amongst those intellectual. Besides attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, religiosity is found to have a significant effect on the behavioral intention. Limitations and future researches are outlined.This study is pioneering in understanding the factors contributing the receptivity of cash waqf in Malaysia. Importantly, this study validates the applicability of the theory of planned behavior in a newly context of cash waqf. This issue however has been given poor attention by those who have interest in the area. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 711-723 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=103&rid=111 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100111 Classification-JEL: Keywords: cash waqf, intention to participate in giving cash waqf, theory of planned behavior Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ROSMA OSMAN Author-Name-First: ROSMA Author-Name-Last: OSMAN Author-Email: rosma@fppm.upsi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SULTAN IDRIS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY Author-Name: WONG KUNG TECK WONG Author-Name-First: WONG KUNG TECK Author-Name-Last: WONG Author-Email: thomas@fppm.upsi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SULTAN IDRIS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY Author-Name: GOH SWEE CHOO GOH Author-Name-First: GOH SWEE CHOO Author-Name-Last: GOH Author-Email: gohsc@fppm.upsi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SULTAN IDRIS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY Title: Raising World- Class Students in Malaysia Abstract: The Malaysia Education Blueprint was designed in order to act as a catalyst to a comprehensive transformation of the country?s education system to produce a generation of holistic pupils and educators. It is also meant to bridge gaps in the academic achievements of urban and rural pupils, as well as iron out disparities caused by socio-economic and gender factors. Input from stakeholders were sought in benchmarking for excellence. The Blueprint was designed to propel education to the next level, based on three objectives namely understanding the performance and challenges faced by the school system, establishing vision and aspirations for the education system and students and outlining a comprehensive transformation programme for the system. To achieve this, the 11- step shift was drawn up that will need to occur to deliver the step change in outcomes envisioned by all Malaysians, with each shift to address at least one of the five system outcomes of access, quality, equity, unity and efficiency. This paper will discuss the 11-step shifts that should enable the entire education system see significant transformation by the end of its 13 ?year course (2013-2025). Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 724-724 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=104&rid=791 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100791 Classification-JEL: I28 Keywords: implementation plan, holistic students, world-class Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100791 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ichraf Ouechtati Author-Name-First: Ichraf Author-Name-Last: Ouechtati Author-Email: ouechtati.ichraf@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Tunis Title: Macroeconomic fluctuations, financial instability and institutions: the case of developing countries Abstract: This study employs dynamic panel generalized method of moment (GMM) technique to empirically examine the role of institutions in explaining the causal relationship between macroeconomic fluctuations and financial instability for a sample of 44 emerging and developing countries over the 1996- 2010 period. In this work, Granger causality tests will be performed with panel data. Similar to Chamberlain (1984) and Holtz- Eakin and al. (1988), we test the non causality hypothesis by examining whether the coefficients of the lagged or the lagged difference of independent variables are zero, that is, (Wald test). We use, in this analysis, the method of GMM system proposed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). Their estimator augments Arellano and Bond (1991) by establishing an additional assumption, that first differences of instrumenting variables are uncorrelated with the fixed effects. It builds a system of two equations- the original equation as well as the transformed one- and is known as ?system GMM?. As an empirical matter, the significance of the test for AR(2) in first differences is necessary in order to detect autocorrelation in levels. The validity of the additional instruments can be tested using standard Sargan/ Hansen tests of over- identifiying restrictions, or using Difference Sargan or Hansen comparisons between the first differenced GMM and system GMM results. We find a bidirectional causality going from financial instability to macroeconomic volatility. The impact of financial sector fluctuations is extremely high compared to macroeconomic fluctuations. Financial instability has an effect of 1.623% on real sector volatility, while the opposite effect is only 0.004%. Taking into account the institutional framework in the estimation of our causal relationship, we find that : (1) the insignificance of institutional interaction terms in most estimation cases can be explained by the deficiency of institutions in developing countries, (2) the market- oriented regulations reinforce the volatile effects of financial structures and macroeconomic fluctuations. However, the positive impact of financial instability on macroeconomic volatility is reduced by a high governance performance. Our results show the importance of the regulatory framework for a better financial and economic stability. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 725-725 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=105&rid=427 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100427 Classification-JEL: E32, G01, K20 Keywords: Macroeconomic fluctuations, financial structure, institutions Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mohd. Faizal P.Rameli Author-Name-First: Mohd. Faizal Author-Name-Last: P.Rameli Author-Email: faizal061@bdrmelaka.uitm.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Author-Name: Muhammad Ridhwan Ab. Aziz Author-Name-First: Muhammad Ridhwan Author-Name-Last: Ab. Aziz Author-Email: ridhwan.aziz@usim.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Author-Name: Kalsom Ab. Wahab Author-Name-First: Kalsom Author-Name-Last: Ab. Wahab Author-Email: akalsom@usim.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Author-Name: Suhaida Mohd. Amin Author-Name-First: Suhaida Author-Name-Last: Mohd. Amin Author-Email: suhaidama@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Administration Universiti Malaya Title: The Characteristics of Muslimpreneurs From The View of Muslim Scholars and Academician Abstract: Entrepreneurship as a part of Islamic economics and businesses is related with the pursuit of opportunity beyond resources controlled. Islam always encourages Muslims to be an innovative and active entrepreneur. Conducting business ethically is an important matter that should be practiced by all entrepreneurs, especially for Muslimpreneurs. Therefore, many Muslimpreneurs become a successful entrepreneurs today. A balanced combination between the elements of the spiritual and physical basis in the formulation of Islamic ethics known as akhlaq or noble characters. The implementation of the ethical values based on the philosophy of tawheed will provide a universal measure of value system that should be followed by every human being. Therefore, the formation of Muslim entrepreneurs ethics is also based on the values of akhlaq. This research aims to analyse the characteristic of Muslimpreneurs from the view of Muslim scholars and academicians. The methodology of this research is through qualitative research based on the interview with Muslim scholars and experts. The Muslimpreneurs characteristics are the combinations of various elements including faith and worship to Allah, good intention, halalan thoyyiba, trustworthy, consent to the others and etc. This research also concludes that Islam has given specific rules that should be followed by all Muslimpreneurs which derive from the text of al-Quran and al-Hadis. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 726-726 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=106&rid=134 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100134 Classification-JEL: L26 Keywords: Entrepreneur Characteristics, Muslimpreneur, Islamic Entrepreneurship, Islamic Business Ethics, Islamic Ethics Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Erkan Pala Author-Name-First: Erkan Author-Name-Last: Pala Author-Email: e.pala@lboro.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Loughborough University Title: Restoring Police-Young People Relationships Abstract: Up until today, young people's concerns about crime and policing have largely been ignored. Despite young people being more likely to be the victims of crime than offenders, they have been vehemently sketched asa \'social problem\'. The widespread use of alcohol and drugs among young people coupled with negative media portrayal led to an increase in the public\'s fear of crime, reaching historical levels. Consequently, and perhaps unsurprisingly, today\'s young people lack trust, confidence and satisfaction in the police, standing out as a neglected area for concern for policy makers. And undeniably, lack of confidence is one of the major reasons why young people are less likely to step forward when they are victimised. These corollaries must end if crimes are going to be reported and solved effectively.A great deal theoretical enthusiasm exists for the community policing philosophy, a style of policing which has been touted as the correct method in restoring police-public relations. I argue that through a greater emphasis on promising community policing schemes, young people\'s trust, faith and confidence in the police can be markedly improved, leading to young people\'s greater cooperation in policing and crime affairs. This is imperative for the benefit of wider society when one considers that co-operation can enhance the police\'s ability to tackle crime in a number of ways: aid the flow of intelligence to the police (making police work more effective), encourage young people to take ownership of social problems, and encourage \'self-policing\' (helps communities develop informal social control)(Skogan et al, 1999, Rosenbaum et al, 1998, Shotland and Goodstein, 1984, Silver and Miller, 2004, Sunshine and Tyler, 2003). I conclude that issues involving young people should guide our actions from now on for the attainment of security and peace in an era which favours human rights. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 727-727 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=107&rid=453 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100453 Classification-JEL: Keywords: police, young people, community policing, relationships Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sotiris Petropoulos Author-Name-First: Sotiris Author-Name-Last: Petropoulos Author-Email: petropouloss@yahoo.gr Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Peloponnese Title: Towards a retransformation of the organized civil society: the financial crisis and the enforcement of an "evaluation culture" Abstract: During the past decades the world community has witnessed an unprecedented rise of civil society in general and of organized civil society in particular. Indisputably, civil society has been the new keyword in issues ranging from governance to economic development. Likewise, the state has expanded the use of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) towards the provision of welfare policies, a trend already evident in the field of development assistance since the early 1980s. In essence, the collaboration of the state and the global community overall with the organized civil society had become short of a panacea for all sorts of problems and issues. Moreover, although there are many cases in which ambitious NGOs have called the offensive on private companies, during the past decade the two sides seem to have found a way to cooperate with each other. In general, NGOs would be asked to assist in the execution of welfare programs (by the state), the implementation of development assistance projects (by the donors' community) and the orchestration of private companies' corporate social responsibility schemes (CSR) in most cases just by submitting a simple application or after a meeting with their new counterparts. The financial crisis of 2007-8 much affected the world, especially as far as funding availability is concerned. Throughout the world liquidity was significantly decreased affecting not only financial institutions and corporations but also NGOs. Especially in Europe, the consequent debt crisis has tremendously restrained the ability of many (southern) EU member-states to fund the organized civil society. In essence, the period of cash-cows was partly terminated and this reinforced a trend already present since the 1990s, i.e. that of searching for effectiveness. Issues of value for money (VfM) and of impact evaluation already existed in the business world and had gradually expanded to public finance, at least in the anglo-saxon world. The fact that funding was scarcer than ever before created the need to evaluate what this funding achieves. The introduction of wealthy private foundations of successful businessmen like Soros, Buffet and Gates in the field of welfare provision certainly reinforced this tendency of enforcing evaluation and impact assessment to the NGOs sector. The various scandals related to NGOs fraud and corruption as well as reported failures to bring results has also pushed towards this direction. This paper explores the expansion of an "evaluation culture" in the global organized civil society and its relevant effect to the operations of NGOs throughout the world. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 728-728 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=108&rid=127 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100127 Classification-JEL: Keywords: ngos, organized civil society, funding, financial crisis, evaluation culture Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Burcak Polat Author-Name-First: Burcak Author-Name-Last: Polat Author-Email: burcakpolat@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Eastern Mediterranean University Title: Determinants of FDI: A Componentwise Analysis Abstract: For two decades, the questions of what really motivates foreign investors to invest in a certain country remains unanswered and a controversial issue. Moreover, previous studies have overwhelmingly treated FDI as unidimensional rather than multidimensional. In reality, FDI is rather multidimensional in that it is composed of components (equity capital, reinvested earnings, and other capital), each with its intrinsic characteristics in response to the same economic fundamentals, such as growth, institutional quality, exchange rate, taxes, market size, skill abundance, etc. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to seek the major determinants of each sub-component of the total FDI inflows in Turkey separately to avoid a distorted empirical prediction concerning the total FDI, which is greatly neglected in the FDI literature. Accordingly, we employed the panel corrected standard error model for annual data between 2003 and 2012. We found that reinvested earning and other capital as sub-components of FDI are responsive to the country risk indices of both Turkey and EU and to the tax measures of 2006. On the other hand, the variations in equity capital flows may be due to some other macroeconomic fundamentals. The responsiveness of the reinvested earning and other capital can be attributed to the nature of these components which are thought to be reversible in general. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 729-743 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=109&rid=151 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100151 Classification-JEL: C23, F21, F29 Keywords: FDI, Reinvested earnings, Other capital, Equity capital Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Liliana Popescu Author-Name-First: Liliana Author-Name-Last: Popescu Author-Email: popescu_liliana25@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova Author-Name: Amalia Badita Author-Name-First: Amalia Author-Name-Last: Badita Author-Email: amalia.badita@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova Author-Name: Mirela Mazilu Author-Name-First: Mirela Author-Name-Last: Mazilu Author-Email: mirelamazilu2004@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova Title: Cultural tourism in Oltenia (Romania) ? disregarded opportunity Abstract: As the importance of cultural tourism is increasing, ever more states from Europe and not only are using cultural tourism for their tourism development strategies to attract a growing number of tourists. Oltenia?s cultural heritage with value for tourism is manifested through arts and crafts, costumes, religion, festivals, music, dance, folklore, literature, local cuisine, as well as monuments and other constructions testifying for the people?s history. The current analysis, focusing on the cultural patrimony as a major tourist resource, aims to identify and examine what types of tourism plans and strategies have been adopted by the Romanian government to develop and promote cultural tourism in the country as a hole and for specific regions in particular, and what effects they had on the tourism industry, as well as to define the necessary activities for the successful development of cultural tourism in Oltenia. The main goal is to demonstrate that beside balneary spas, the region also owes significant natural and cultural resources to support the development of cultural tourism. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 744-744 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=110&rid=968 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100968 Classification-JEL: L83, M31 Keywords: cultural tourism, patrimony, development strategy, regional identity Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100968 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ondrej Ptacek Author-Name-First: Ondrej Author-Name-Last: Ptacek Author-Email: panvigocsc@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Economics, Prague Title: Private Equity and Venture Capital in Central and Eastern Europe Abstract: Private Equity & Venture Capital in Central and Eastern Europe Ondrej Ptacek Faculty of Economics, University of Economics, Prague Abstract: Private equity and venture capital may contribute significantly to the growth of national economies through financing firms with high growth potential, which develop unique know how, intellectual property, etc. Venture capital and other alternative sources of capital for early stage development of enterprises have become more important over the last decade in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Though, venture capital is still rather underdeveloped in CEE. Venture capital market gap is present in certain countries and industries. This is caused at the supply side of venture capital by risk aversion or imperfect information on future development or market acceptation of innovative products. At the demand side, imperfect information occurs as young entrepreneurs have often limited knowledge in alternative sources of financing or low level of strategic management abilities, which again discourages potential investors. Keywords: venture capital, asset management, private equity, financial markets Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 745-745 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=111&rid=260 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100260 Classification-JEL: G24 Keywords: Venture capital, private equity, financial markets, asset management Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mentari Rahdini Author-Name-First: Mentari Author-Name-Last: Rahdini Author-Email: mentari.rajput@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: President University Author-Name: Mutiara Aisyah Author-Name-First: Mutiara Author-Name-Last: Aisyah Author-Email: moethiara@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: President University Author-Name: Suresh Kumar Author-Name-First: Suresh Author-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Email: sureshkumar@president.ac.id Author-Workplace-Name: President University Title: Factors That Influence People Buying Decision On Bottled Drinking Water Abstract: There are various types of bottled drinking water in Indonesia market. Water is essential for human life. Nowadays, to meet people needs in daily life to drink water, many companies provide bottled drinking water. As this industry growing and more competition happen, the companies have to know the things that influence people to buy the products which are bottled drinking water. The aim of this research is to analyze several factors that influence people buying decision on it, namely brand, quality of the water, and the packaging of the product. Quantitative research was chosen as the methodology, with questionnaires distributed to gain the primary data. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 undergraduate students of President University in Cikarang, West Java, Indonesia. The questionnaires distribution was done in President University?s campus and student housing area. Based on the survey result, it is proven that brand, quality of the water, and the packaging of the product influence the respondents? buying decision on bottled drinking water. The companies? owners as well as management have to understand that fact well. Thus, this research result can be used by entrepreneurs who are currently in bottled drinking water business and also for those who want to open the business in this industry. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 747-755 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=113&rid=389 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100389 Classification-JEL: L26, O31 Keywords: bottled drinking water, brand, buying decision, packaging, quality, innovation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cherroun Reguia Author-Name-First: Cherroun Author-Name-Last: Reguia Author-Email: roki0507@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University Title: Clusters and SMEs: An opportunity to be taken: Algerian Experience Abstract: Companies face a strong competitiveness that characterizes the economic environment; however, the shape of this competitiveness has been changed due to many factors to shift from pure competitiveness, where each company works in isolation for its own benefits, to a new sort of competitiveness under a kind of cooperation between many companies and other economic actors, sharing local resources, using similar technologies, abecause they need to be near from the required financial and human resources, as well as the innovation resources, for obtaining the raw materials in high quality and low prices, meanwhile to find near markets to distribute their outputs. This can be only if they work in a region that contains all that through clustering and networking. These linkages and alliances may be between big companies from both private and public sector, as well as small businesses that have been extended worldwide in an accelerated pace. This new type of companies ?SMEs? with their specific characteristics need, such kind of cooperation to face the strong competitiveness and to benefit from the external economies, then to maintain a significant market part. In this context Algerian authorities work to implement effecient strategies to encourage clusters in the interest of SMEs in many fields.This paper is divided into three parts; the first one aims to give a theoretical base about the notion of ?clusters?, the advantages of clusters, types of clusters, and the second part is about SMEs and how can they get benefits from clustering. The last part discusses the Algerian experience in adopting clusters strategies. Length: 23 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 756-778 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=114&rid=103 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100103 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Clusters, SME's, Networks. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sejdi Rexhepi Author-Name-First: Sejdi Author-Name-Last: Rexhepi Author-Email: sejdir@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pristina \ Author-Name: Argjenita Shatri Author-Name-First: Argjenita Author-Name-Last: Shatri Author-Email: nita-sh7@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Peja \ Author-Name: Leutrim Rexhepi Author-Name-First: Leutrim Author-Name-Last: Rexhepi Author-Email: leutrimm.r@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: South Eastern European University,Tetovo Author-Name: Blerina Alimehaj Author-Name-First: Blerina Author-Name-Last: Alimehaj Author-Email: blerina_b1@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Peja \ Title: QUALITY OF EDUCATION, DIGNITY, AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - PEJA CASE Abstract: Economic development in general, is linked primarily with the use and valorization of existing local natural resources and human. Using of comparative advantage offered by local resources with the aim of generating employment and income for the local and national economy is closely related to education. Educated population will not only lead to the growth of national income but in multiplicative way will lead to increased employment, economic development and growth. Countries have applied different systems and reforms in education. However, as a result of various economic, political and also historical factors, these reforms have not always given the desired results.The purpose of this paper is that, through a concrete case, to investigate the impact of the quality of the existing primary and secondary system of education in quality of life and human dignity, primarily through the ability to create human resources able to find job and together with it to generate economic growth and development. Basic hypothesis are related to the assumptions that; the success of the students is dependent with the family and its approach to education and work; the success of reform in education is closely linked with financial resources as well as with created culture for and to education of implementers but also other stakeholders; and, that the basis of the driving motive for learning, is closely linked with the economic situation and in particular the level of employment.Through primary sources, data are collected from selected samples as a source of information for this research, which are students aged 11-19 years, 25-50 years age parents, teachers, officials and managers of educational institutions, as are; preschool, primary, low secondary and higher secondary schools. Through secondary resources, are explained the theoretical concepts that deals with the quality of education. Documents and strategies of education, papers works and research in this field are analyzed; laws and regulations as well as the managing and teaching structure. The methodology used for data processing will be in the function of achieving results which will enable us professional and scientific recommendations. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 779-798 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=115&rid=631 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100631 Classification-JEL: I25 Keywords: Quality of education, education system, educational process, educational institutions, development, local economic development. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Leema Rose Author-Name-First: Leema Author-Name-Last: Rose Author-Email: leemrosie@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Sirte University Title: Indian Subaltern Feminism and American Black Womanism Abstract: Women's oppression is the most widespread and the deepest form of oppression in society. The world of women, as Simone de Beauvoir observes, "is everywhere enclosed, limited, dominated by the male universe; high as she may raise herself, far as she may venture, there will always be a ceiling over her head, walls that will block her way". Women all over the world, like the colonized subjects, have been relegated to the position of the "other" "marginalized" and in a metaphorical sense "colonized" by various forms of patriarchal domination as they share with colonized races and cultures an intimate experience of the politics of oppression and repression. Based on this assumption of inferior position, women are called the "subalterns". The issues agitating women belonging to different cultures are different.There are two special voices shouting in the wilderness for liberation-- the Dalit woman in India and the Black woman in America, who are under the triple subjugation of caste or race, gender and class. It is therefore imperative to isolate the problems specific to these triple-subjugated women and work for their empowerment. The Dalit woman writer Bama's stories and the African-American woman writer Alice Walker's stories demonstrate how the material reality of different groups of women can lead to very different perceptions of the nature of political struggle. All the different schools of Feminist thought have a particular way of characterizing freedom or liberation. In the case of Womanist thought, the emphasis is on the full self-development of woman but there is also recognition that women are all involved with families, communities, political entities and other groups that affect their progress in important ways. Dalit Feminism, on the other hand, underscores the relevance of the histories of colonialism on the national front and stories of male hegemony on the familial front. Hence, this paper focuses on Dalit Feminism and American Black Womanism. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 799-808 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=116&rid=872 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100872 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Dalit Feminism, Black Womanism, Subaltern, Colonialism, Hegemony, Triple-subjugation. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: M.D. Rozaida Author-Name-First: M.D. Author-Name-Last: Rozaida Author-Email: rozaidamd@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Malaysia Pahang Author-Name: Yuserrie Zainuddin Author-Name-First: Yuserrie Author-Name-Last: Zainuddin Author-Email: yusserie@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Malaysia Pahang Author-Name: Daim Mahanum Author-Name-First: Daim Author-Name-Last: Mahanum Author-Email: anumdaim@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Malaysia Pahang Title: IT Infrastructure Capability, Competitive Advantage and Software Development Project Success in Public Sector Abstract: The paper focuses on applying Resource-based view (RBV) of organization to achieve competitive advantage and enhancing the success of software development project. Software development projects are known for being completed far over budget and behind schedule. The high investment of information technology (IT) infrastructure capability required money, time and effort must be able to deliver value to organization. In such organization, the software development project must be managed and controlled by IT manager. The IT manager of the software development project has to ensure that the project finishes on schedule and within budget. Therefore, software development need to be more strategic of planning and design where recent software development approaches emphasis more upon technical skills of coding and debugging and ignore the strategic importance of planning and design. Specifically, we based our research on the conceptual framework of RBV to investigate the relationships among IT infrastructure capability and software development project success, IT infrastructure capability and competitive advantage, competitive advantage and software development project success and that the competitive advantage mediates the relationship between IT infrastructure capability and software development project success. The findings will indicate on how organization should focus with their IT infrastructure capability through competitive advantage, which will result in the success of software development project in Malaysian public sector. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 809-809 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=117&rid=703 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100703 Classification-JEL: Keywords: IT Infrastructure Capability, Competitive Advantage and Software Development Project Success Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100703 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Noor Sharoja Sapiei Author-Name-First: Noor Sharoja Author-Name-Last: Sapiei Author-Email: noorsharoja@um.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: University of Malaya Title: Tax Agents Perceptions of the Corporate Taxpayersâ?? Compliance Costs under the Self-assessment System Abstract: Reforms and changes in tax laws may affect the level of complexity in the tax system and increase taxpayer compliance costs burden. In Malaysia, the introduction of Self-assessment System (SAS) imposes greater accountability in terms of computational, recordkeeping and filing requirements upon taxpayers. The increase in taxpayer obligations coupled with higher possibility of audit may require taxpayers to seek assistance from tax agents to handle tax matters on their behalf. In spite of the expanding role of tax agents in tax reporting under the SAS, very little research has been directed at examining their views and perceptions. This study, therefore, evaluates the compliance costs of corporate taxpayers from the perspective of tax agents. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 810-810 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=118&rid=268 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100268 Classification-JEL: H26, M29, M49 Keywords: Tax Compliance Costs, Self-assessment System, Tax Agents, Corporate Taxpayers, Corporate Income Tax Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ?rfan Sari Author-Name-First: ?rfan Author-Name-Last: Sari Author-Email: isari@hho.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Air Force Academy Title: Materials Evaluation and Development: Syllabus, Setting and Learner Needs Abstract: The present paper draws insights to teacher and learners in terms of material development. Teaching of a language (foreign or second) has been an important issue in today?s world. Also it is not only an area of teaching but also an area of economic concerns. As a natural outcome, that brings out, a hard competition among the publishers to obtain the high quality of the materials. Any language learning process traditionally needs print materials or non-print materials (Reinders and White, 2010; Richards, 2001, p. 251; McGrath, 2002, pp. 125-136). Having reviewed related literature on materials evaluation and development, it is clear that not only one should get benefit from a wide variety of resources but one should consider many dimensions of evaluation to reach the ultimate aim of teaching-learning process. It should also be in mind that today?s evaluations and materials will not be sufficient for tomorrow?s setting. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 811-816 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=119&rid=1006 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101006 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Material Evaluation, Setting, Syllabus, Learner Needs Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Koboro Selala Author-Name-First: Koboro Author-Name-Last: Selala Author-Email: 22013113@nwu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: North West University Title: The Right to Strike and the Future of Collective Bargaining in South Africa: an exploratory analysis Abstract: Section 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa confers on every worker the right to strike. It further provides that every trade union, employers\' organization and employer has the right to engage in collective bargaining, and goes on to provide that national legislation may be enacted to regulate the process. The Labour Relations Act of 1995, enacted specifically to give effect to these constitutional rights, gives effect to the right to strike by providing procedures for the exercise of the right, and protections for strikes in the collective bargaining context. Interestingly, the Act does not provide for the duty to bargain. With the current wave of industrial action sweeping across the South African labour industry, the issue of the interplay between the workersâ?? right to strike and to bargain collectively with the employer remains one of the topical issues in the South African labour law discourse. The critical question that this paper seeks to address is whether the right to collective bargaining extends to an entitlement for workers to exercise collective power by striking, in the event that the bargaining process reaches impasse. This paper thus seeks to explore these concepts in an attempt to see what is at stake in deriving an entitlement to strike from what looks like a very abstract entitlement to bargain. The results of this exploration will then be brought to bear on some particular problems to do with the scope of the right to strike in South Africa. The paper argues that the current constitutional and statutory framework on collective labour dispute resolution in South Africa is flawed, and calls for urgent attention. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 817-817 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=120&rid=283 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100283 Classification-JEL: J52 Keywords: Constitution; right to strike; collective bargaining; labour law Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dziauddin Sharif Author-Name-First: Dziauddin Author-Name-Last: Sharif Author-Email: dziauddininmakingphd@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Islamic Science University of Malaysia Author-Name: Amir Shaharuddin Author-Name-First: Amir Author-Name-Last: Shaharuddin Author-Email: dekanfem2014@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Author-Name: Nurul Aini Muhamed Author-Name-First: Nurul Aini Author-Name-Last: Muhamed Author-Email: nurulaini@usim.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Title: Understanding the reasoning pattern of Islamic jurists? views on the status of ar-rahn (Islamic pawn broking) contract and its ruling Abstract: According to Islamic jurisprudence, ar-rahn can be described as the detention of the pledge to the creditor or the seller in securing his debt or fulfilling his right. However, Muslim jurists differed in determining the nature of ar-rahnu contract. The ?anaf?, Sh?fi?? and ?anbal? jurists viewed ar-rahnu as a charitable (tabarru? ) contract wheareas the Maliki jurists considered it as a form of an exchangeable (mu??wa??t). These differences originated from the different interpretation of the verse 2: 283 in the Qur?an. Using the taxonomical classification?s approach founded by Rosch (1976), this paper examines the pattern of reasoning adopted by the jurists of main schols of Islamic jurisprudence. Rosch?s model is chosen as it can assist the researcher to categorize the aspects of discussion between the ar-rahn?s nature, conditions (shur??) and rulings (?ukm). While the model consists of superordinate and subordinate relationships, the paper enhances the conceptual framework of rahn into the discussion of conditions and rulings. Thus, the harmonized effort of taxonomical classification is been developed to discuss the related rulings of expanded discussion resulted from the status of ar-rahn either a form of charity or an exchange contract. The finding shows that M?lik? and Sh?fi?i were seen to be the most consistent schools in holding their stance about ar-rahn?s nature. The consistency can be identified through the examination of ar-rahn?s rulings that matched with their original position. It is also found that the rulings of M?lik? jurists are more lenient about the stipulation of conditions in the contract while Sh?fi?i stood otherwise. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 818-832 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=121&rid=70 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100070 Classification-JEL: B30, G21 Keywords: Reasoning pattern, ar-rahn (Islamic Pawn Broking), Ruling Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100070 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Gerardo Sierra Author-Name-First: Gerardo Author-Name-Last: Sierra Author-Email: gsierram@iingen.unam.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Author-Name: Serafín Martínez-Jaramillo Author-Name-First: Serafín Author-Name-Last: Martínez-Jaramillo Author-Email: smartin@banxico.org.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de México Author-Name: Biliana Alexandrova-Kabadjova Author-Name-First: Biliana Author-Name-Last: Alexandrova-Kabadjova Author-Email: balexandrova@banxico.org.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de México Author-Name: Elena Lozanova Author-Name-First: Elena Author-Name-Last: Lozanova Author-Email: ebogomil@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Banco de México Title: Financial education and financial inclusion: How lexicography makes sense Abstract: Financial inclusion has taken a very important role on the agenda of many international organizations and financial authorities across the globe. There are many reasons why financial inclusion is important, among these is the fact that a vast majority of the people in poverty are excluded from banking services. There is also the additional aspect of the technological development which has also changed our everyday lives; this in turn, due to the lack of an adequate financial education, prevents the use of the most advanced technology related to financial services and products.We performed an analysis of five dictionaries belonging to five financial organizations and regulators in Mexico, this allowed us to identify some deficiencies which prevent the users from resolving the linguistic phenomena given to them in relation to financial services. This situation creates a gap on the understanding of financial texts and on the knowledge acquisition of the un-experienced user of financial services. For this reason, we propose the creation of an interactive dictionary for financial education which we believe is the ideal tool to improve financial education, tackling the informational and cultural barriers. In this paper we study the role that the dictionaries have in the financial inclusion process and we explain in detail the methodological aspects that we have followed, which borrows heavily from lexicography, for the design of our interactive dictionary of finance. The result is a tool for the non-specialists and people who is entering the study of finance in which simplicity, practicality and reliability converge. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 833-833 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=122&rid=974 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100974 Classification-JEL: A20, A00, M53 Keywords: financial inclusión, financial eduaction, lexicography Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100974 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Samah SOULEH Author-Name-First: Samah Author-Name-Last: SOULEH Author-Email: souleh_samah@hotmail.fr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Biskra -Algeria Title: The impact of Human Capital Management on the Innovativeness of research Center: The Case of Scientific Research Centers in Algeria Abstract: Nowadays, we are moving towards a knowledge economy where the competitiveness of firms is mainly based on their capacity of innovation, and on the management of their intellectual capital. Moreover, it is widely accepted that firm?s innovation capabilities are more closely linked to their intellectual capital than to their fixed assets. The importance of intellectual capital for innovation has attracted researchers interested in determining its elements and the process by which enhances the innovative capabilities and performance of firms (Carmen Cabello-Medina et al, 2011).There is a multi-faceted description of intellectual capital as proposed by intellectual capital theorists. A study by Sveiby (1987), for example, proposed that knowledge-based assets could be found in three places: the competencies of organization members, its internal structure; such as: patents, models, computer and administrative assets, and external structure such as brands, reputation and relationships with customers (Rosmah et al, 2008). As a general perception, intellectual capital has three components: human capital, structural capital and relational capital (Suciu, 2000).The human capital has been emphasized as one of the key success factors of a company. It can be assumed that most successful companies have organized or at least they should have organized their management of the human capital systematically. The management of human capital can be put into practice by applying competence management and knowledge management practices. Numerous studies of competence and knowledge management have been carried out but the practices of this area are still not very well known (Hannula et al, 2003). Moreover, Subramaniam and Youndt (2005) found that the combination of human and social capital positively affected firms? innovative capabilities (T.T. Selvarajan et al, 2007). This research aims at examining the impact of human capital management on the innovativeness of Scientific Research Centers through competencies and knowledge management approach. The study was applied to the case of Scientific Research Centers in Algeria; such as: (CREAD, CRSTRA, CDTA, CDER, CERIST, CRBt, CRAPC, CSC, CRSTDLA, and CRASC). The data of the study was collected through interviews and a questionnaire during 2011-2013, and it was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 to determine the interaction between the various factors. The findings broadly support the hypothesis and suggest a number of insights about future studies. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 834-834 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=123&rid=1019 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101019 Classification-JEL: O15, M10, O15 Keywords: Human Capital Management, Knowledge Management , Competencies Management , innovativeness, Scientific Research Centers in Algeria. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ji Ung Sun Author-Name-First: Ji Ung Author-Name-Last: Sun Author-Email: jeddy4u@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Title: An Economic Analysis For The Capacitated Hub Location-Routing Problem Abstract: Hub and spoke (H&S) network reflecting the scale economies through consolidation and a large amount of freight transportation is widely used to reduce total transportation costs. H&S network has transportation routes that go to the final destination point pass through hub linking destination from hub linking origin. In this paper we deal with a capacitated hub location-routing problem (HLRP). The HLRP not only considers the locations of the capacitated p-hubs but also deals with the vehicle routing problem for collection and delivery of goods. This problem is formulated as an integer programming model with the objective of the minimum total transportation cost and the fixed cost associated with the establishment of hubs. As the HLRP has impractically demanding for the large sized problems, we develop a solution method based on ant colony optimization algorithm which solves hub location and vehicle routing problem hierarchically. Its performance is examined through a comparative study. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 835-835 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=124&rid=680 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100680 Classification-JEL: C61, R40, C52 Keywords: Hub and Spoke Network, Hub Location-Routing, Integer Programming, Ant Colony Optimization Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100680 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmoud Syam Author-Name-First: Mahmoud Author-Name-Last: Syam Author-Email: M.syam@qu.edu.qa Author-Workplace-Name: QATAR UNIVERSITY Author-Name: Mohamed Chabi Author-Name-First: Mohamed Author-Name-Last: Chabi Author-Email: mchabi@qu.edu.qa Author-Workplace-Name: QATAR UNIVERSITY Author-Name: Muneer Al Wadi Author-Name-First: Muneer Author-Name-Last: Al Wadi Author-Email: m.wadi@qu.edu.qa Author-Workplace-Name: QATAR UNIVERSITY Title: The Students Who Come to the University are Weak in Mathematics, Why and Where is the Problem? Abstract: Weakness of students in mathematics is a very old problem, discovering the source of this weakness is not an easy mission and needs to check the curriculum, teaching methods, learning process, assessment methods and using the technology in teaching mathematics. In addition, Mathematics is a vertically structured field, secondary stage depends on preparatory stage which depends also on primary stage. Determining the source of weakness depends on the outcomes of each stage by using international tests to be fair with all stages including the first year University students. In this paper, Authors used four international tests to discriminate the level of students and to investigate their actual performance in the levels; grade 4, grade 8 and first year University students and the end of secondary stage. These international tests are TIMSS for grades 4 and 8, PISA for grade 10, and ACT and ACCUPLACER for first year University students. It is found that the problem starts after grade 8 specially in secondary stage. Teachers, curriculum, teaching methods, lack of using technology, instructional language, using the calculators continuously and lack of communication between the schools and the university are factors affect students? transition from high school to university. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 836-851 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=125&rid=371 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100371 Classification-JEL: Keywords: TIMSS, ACT, PISA, ACCUPLACER, Student, School, University, Education System. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: KINAN TALEB Author-Name-First: KINAN Author-Name-Last: TALEB Author-Email: kinan.taleb@qu.edu.qa Author-Workplace-Name: QATAR UNIVERSITY Author-Name: MUNEER ALWADI Author-Name-First: MUNEER Author-Name-Last: ALWADI Author-Email: m.wadi@qu.edu.qa Author-Workplace-Name: QATAR UNIVERSITY Title: The Use of Chart as a Math Pre-Class Preparation Abstract: Teaching mathematics in weak students is one of the most challenging jobs. That is due to the fact that those students lack the abstract concepts and logical procedures needed to establish logical techniques that allow them to understand higher complex problems they might face afterward. Thus, it is needed to implement an innovative teaching method to maximize students? motivation, and so the performance. Moreover, the necessity of easing the difficulties in mathematics pushes instructors to find an effective ways in order to simplify the learning objectives. Modelling the learning concepts using charts as mini-lecture is one of these methods. The author made a comparison in this paper between two Elementary Algebra course groups in Foundation Program at Qatar University. Using the traditional teaching method for one group and the charts method as preparation before lectures for the other one gave an indicator about the effectiveness of the mentioned method and shows whether the students have stepped toward more understanding of the course objectives. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 852-858 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=126&rid=295 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100295 Classification-JEL: Keywords: ACCUPLACER, Charts, Learning Objectives, Modelling, Students, Universities Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Shawyun Teay Author-Name-First: Shawyun Author-Name-Last: Teay Author-Email: jerry182122@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: King Saud University Title: Landscape of HEI and Quality Challenges in AEC 2015 Abstract: AEC (ASEAN Economic Community) 2015 envisaged the goal of regional economic integration of the 10 ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nation) economies by December 2013, under 4 main pillars of which it claims to have achieved 73.6% of its targets. MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) and ADB (Asian Development Bank) statistics, researches and reports painted a different picture of the awareness, degree of readiness, and its socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural in the ASEAN members. This paper aims to look at the overall AEC 2015 country?s readiness; potential socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural factors can affect education and quality in the HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) in the wake of AEC 2015. While recognizing that many international bodies have covered the issues, challenges and made recommendations at the macro levels for national actions and development, this paper also looks at the micro level of the institutional internal and external processes and people that can contribute to laying stronger foundations at the forefronts of 1) for students? values and conscientious reforms; 2) institutional values and conscientious reforms; 3) the institutional balancing of its sustainability through planning and quality management; and 4) Societal Responsibility. These are discussed from the ?moral and values? aspects of the mitigations of the socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural issues that each individual HEI can contribute to building the ?character and moral foundations future generation of leaders through the HEI processes and people?. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 859-859 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=127&rid=71 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100071 Classification-JEL: I24 Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 2015, socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural readiness, education and quality in HEI, character and moral foundations of HEI processes and people, Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100071 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Suwanna Thuvachote Author-Name-First: Suwanna Author-Name-Last: Thuvachote Author-Email: fecosnt@ku.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cooperatives, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University Author-Name: Nuttiporn Phetphong Author-Name-First: Nuttiporn Author-Name-Last: Phetphong Author-Email: n2p_modern@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kasetsart University Title: The Effects of Managers? Characteristics and Perspectives on the Financial Performance of Thai Agricultural Cooperatives Abstract: Over the last few decades, cooperatives in Thailand have become larger, more complicated and market oriented. As a result, demand for high-quality managers in cooperatives increases. A manager who understands his or her duties and functions and with good personality, responsibility, relationship with others is a great asset of a cooperative. This paper, empirically tests the hypothesis that the characteristics and perspectives of managers affect the performance of cooperative specifically, the financial performance. Two sets of data are used. The first data set is 2011 annual cooperative financial information from Cooperative Auditing Department. The second data set is from a survey of the managers of agricultural cooperatives using mailed questionnaire. A total of 421 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the managers of all large agricultural cooperatives in Thailand (those with more than 1,000 members). Of the 421 managers, 258 responded, and 255 were usable. Regression analysis is applied to test the hypothesis. The study results show that overall, the managers? characteristic and perception variables used in the model have limited explanatory strength on financial performance of the cooperatives, both in terms of return on assets and return on equity. Despite the limitation, the experiences as cooperative managers, his or her participation in financial training program and perception on cooperative principles could positively increase the return on assets of the society although the magnitude is quite small. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 860-868 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=128&rid=604 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100604 Classification-JEL: Keywords: managers, financial performance, agricultural cooperatives Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Toedt Author-Name-First: Michael Author-Name-Last: Toedt Author-Email: michael.toedt@ts-and-c.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Riga, Latvia and University of Applied Sciences Kufstein, Austria Title: The Development of a Response-Function for Customer Relationship Marketing Abstract: The paper focuses on the effect of communication on the sales performance within CRM. The paper uses the hotel business as an example to evaluate if communication within Customer Relationship Management creates loyalty measured by the re-purchase behavior of existing hotel guests. The re-purchase behavior is regarded in the paper as the final outcome of loyalty. The research evaluates the reaction of message receivers who are already customers, which means the receivers know the advertised products and services. Therefore the author assumed that learning effects are not necessary within CRM which leads to the conclusion that an advertising response function for the communication with existing customers should be concave instead of s-shaped. S-shaped response functions are used in many articles to describe the effects of marketing actions.To prove the hypothesis the author conducted a quantitative research over a time period of 4.5 years where all marketing and booking transactions of four hotels in Germany were monitored. Due to the fact that hotels are characterized by moderate marketing budgets and brand awareness levels the result of the research should be applicable especially for small and medium enterprises (SME?s).The data analysis approved a direct correlation between communication and the sales performance of the hotels. For the first time it was possible to define a response function for CRM, which is a concave increasing function. This new knowledge should stimulate manager to adapt their existing communication strategy and should be used as a basis for further research. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 869-869 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=129&rid=789 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100789 Classification-JEL: C55, L83, M30 Keywords: Response Function, CRM, Communication, Learning Effects Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Andreas Totu Author-Name-First: Andreas Author-Name-Last: Totu Author-Email: ndcardiff@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Author-Name: Halina Sendera Mohd Yakin Author-Name-First: Halina Sendera Author-Name-Last: Mohd Yakin Author-Email: ndcardiff@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Title: NICE BUT NAUGTHY: TV ADVERTS AND CHOICE OF FOOD AMONG CHILDREN IN SABAH, MALAYSIA Abstract: This study examines the relationships between television (TV) advertising and patterns of food choice among children. This relationship is crucial in understanding the intricate interplay among several interrelated variables such as TV viewing, preference for certain foods and the problem of obesity. Specifically, the study investigates the degree of recognition of adverts and patterns of food choice among lean, overweight and obese children. This study uses an experimental test, but the assessment of the effects of advertisements was undertaken through questionnaires. There were 50 participants involved in the experiment. The outcomes of the study indicate that TV advertisements make a substantial contribution to what food a child chooses. Although there were some variations in terms of responses between age groups and gender, generally, children seemed likely to choose fast foods after treatment. Further analyses were performed which revealed that media, particularly TV advertising, appear to contribute significantly in terms of influencing children to choose fast food, followed by taste. The study also seems to suggest that there is a strong correlation between the weight of a child and food choice. In short, children who were inclined to choose fast foods tended to be overweight or obese. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 870-870 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=130&rid=1025 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0101025 Classification-JEL: M37, L66 Keywords: TV advertising, food choice, obesity, children, Malaysia Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101025 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Elira Turdubaeva Author-Name-First: Elira Author-Name-Last: Turdubaeva Author-Email: elira_hil@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University Title: Social network site users and political participation in Kyrgyzstan Abstract: There are a few key studies around the social impact of information technologies and Internet access within Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan, with a high level of political participation and an avant-garde position regarding internet access in Central Asia, broadband and social media penetration in the population, is a critical case for studying social media in relation to political participation. New media combined with a high level of internet freedom in Kyrgyzstan is a powerful tool that has the possibility to channel citizen opinion, offer an alternative to traditional print, TV and radio outlets, and craft new methods by which the citizen or collective interacts with the political and social environment (Robbins, 2012).According to some authors, the Tulip Revolution in 2005 in Kyrgyzstan was the ?rst revolution amongst post-Soviet nations where the Internet was considered a factor in disseminating information and mobilization political protest. Still in its infancy, the Internet in Kyrgyzstan played its first role ? albeit a highly weak one ? in supporting anti-government protests which overthrew President Akayev and his government during the ?Tulip Revolution? in 2005.In 2010, five years after new media saw its first use as a political tool in the ?Tulip Revolution?, the significance of new media was revealed once more when Kyrgyzstan was mired in political conflict between the months of March and June. In March various online communities began reporting on allegations of widespread corruption in then President Bakiyev?s government. In spite of its further attempts to stifle political and social unrest by censoring traditional Kyrgyz media and blocking access to certain Russian TV stations, Bakiyev?s regime was unable to stop the elusive flow of information running through new media outlets. On April 7 an estimated 10,000 protesters gathered around Bishkek and successfully stormed the White House, forcing President Bakiyev to flee the country. This study analyzes the practices and attitudes of social media users and whether using social network sites alone drives previously inactive respondents to political participation. Three types of users ? members of political parties, members of interest organizations, and non-members ? are interviewed in focus groups about their attitudes to political content in the social network site Facebook. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 871-871 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=131&rid=911 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100911 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, political participation, new media, interaction, social media, Tulip Revolution. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Serkan ÜLGÜ Author-Name-First: Serkan Author-Name-Last: ÜLGÜ Author-Email: s.ulgu@hho.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Turkish Air Force Academy Title: Course-book Evaluation: World English (Intro) by Martin MILNER Abstract: In this paper, I will evaluate a course book titled ?World English Intro? which is the initial book of a series composed of four successive books. Initially, the rationale behind the paper will be explained. Secondly, qualities of a good course book will be elaborated. Thirdly, a coursebook titled ?World English Intro? will be explained with its supplementary components. Fourthly, target learners and context within which the coursebook will be used. Finally, the paper will be concluded with final discussion on advantages and disadvantages of using the coursebook in question within this context. Although they have long been discussed in the area of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, they have stood up as ?reality? in the field. Publishers have always expanded their capacity to publish coursebooks. The number of publishers has increased in time to cater for the growing market of language teaching. The publishers have varied their publications to appeal to various needs of learners and institutions (Harmer, 2007a; Harmer, 2007b).Today, a coursebook is not a coursebook only. It comes with extensions and supplementary materials such as audio CDs, DVDs, workbooks, on-line supporters, smart board companions, etc. Therefore, when evaluating a coursebook, we should take those into account as well. Deciding on which coursebook to use is not an easy one; decision makers should take a number of criteria into account. Course objectives, learner profile, and institutional goals are only some of them. Before all, options could be short-listed to cater for the aforementioned needs through reviewing coursebooks initially with a ready-made criteria list or with a genuinely created one. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 872-878 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=132&rid=985 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100985 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Course book evaluation, Qualities of good course books Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100985 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tuba Ünlükara Author-Name-First: Tuba Author-Name-Last: Ünlükara Author-Email: unlukara@itu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: (ITU) Istanbul Technical University Author-Name: Lale Berkoz Author-Name-First: Lale Author-Name-Last: Berkoz Author-Email: lberkoz@itu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: (ITU) Istanbul Technical University Title: THE EVALUATION OF CONSUMER SATISFACTION AND EXPECTATION FROM SHOPPING MALLS SUCH A NEW PUBLIC SPHERE Abstract: Shopping Centers offer certain advantages to customers such as social activities, lack of car parking problems, security, product variety, and hygiene; these advantages enable them to hold a considerable market share in the retail sector. Shopping centers are also superior in providing their customers with ease and comfort as well as keeping the retail stores alive. Shopping centers, due to the proximity of stores to each other, create a synergy inside, despite the competition among these stores. Despite a considerable number of shopping center oriented studies both at home and abroad, in the literature, a study on determining the level of importance of the factors influencing costumer satisfaction and expectation selection could not be detected.This study looks into the factors that are influential on the preferences for shopping center?s costumers satisfaction and expectation selection and explains these factors through a conceptual model. By means of a comprehensive literature search, the theoretical framework of the factors affecting the causes of preference is established and relevant research questions are chosen. Thus, the theoretical foundations of the model have been created. The field research includes the 7 different types of shopping centers that operate in Istanbul. In this study, among the qualitative research methods, in-depth interview technique and interview form approach are preferred. Interviews have been held with people from shopping center?s costumers pursuing different characteristics. In 7 different shopping center, 420 questionnaires in total have been given by using face-to-face interview technique. The results of the study have been evaluated by applying One-way Analysis of Varience, Factor Analysis and Regressional Analysis. These methods can be defined as the decision-making and estimating method, which gives the percentage distribution of decision points in terms of factors affecting decisions; it is used in the identification of decision hierarchy.The occurrence of a competitive environment with the increase in the number of shopping centers in our country, there is not enough research to provide guidance to investors as well as to enliven the retail industry.This study aims at becoming a source for shopping centre investors, developers, architects and other related disciplines; additionally, expects all these sides to act with the knowledge of what is expected from them. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 879-892 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=133&rid=721 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100721 Classification-JEL: R00 Keywords: Shopping centers, real estate development, costumer satisfaction, factor analysis, regression analysis. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tuba Ünlükara Author-Name-First: Tuba Author-Name-Last: Ünlükara Author-Email: unlukara@itu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: (ITU) Istanbul Technical University Author-Name: Lale Berkoz Author-Name-First: Lale Author-Name-Last: Berkoz Author-Email: lberkoz@itu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: (ITU) Istanbul Technical University Title: THE EVALUATION OF LOCATION SELECTION FOR SHOPPING CENTERS IN TURKEY: THE CASE OF ISTANBUL Abstract: Today, Shopping centers are not places that only respond to shopping needs but they have become structures that offer social activities and various facilities, as well. Cinemas, children?s playground, entertainment and recreation areas, restaurants and food departments are the components of shopping centers; they immediately entered the daily life activities of costumers. Today, costumers mostly prefer these shopping centers that are in different sizes and categories and which are half-open or fully-covered; they have become places where people choose to go as they help protect people from unfavorable weather conditions, additionally they respond working population?s needs for shopping, sports and entertainment. This study looks into the factors that are influential on the preferences for shopping center location selection and explains these factors through a conceptual model. By means of a comprehensive literature search, the theoretical framework of the factors affecting the causes of preference is established and relevant research questions are chosen. Thus, the theoretical foundations of the model have been created. The field research includes the companies that operate in Istanbul but making shopping center investments all over Turkey. In this study, among the qualitative research methods, in-depth interview technique and interview form approach are preferred. Interviews have been held with people from project development departments of the companies investing on shopping centers pursuing different characteristics. The survey was maden in 23 different shopping center developer companies and 108 questionnaires in total have been given by using face-to-face interview technique. The results of the study have been evaluated by applying Analytical Hierarchy Process method. AHP can be defined as the decision-making and estimating method, which gives the percentage distribution of decision points in terms of factors affecting decisions; it is used in the identification of decision hierarchy. This study aims at becoming a source for shopping centre investors, developers, architects and other related disciplines; additionally, expects all these sides to act with the knowledge of what is expected from them. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 893-901 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=134&rid=722 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100722 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Shopping Center, Site Selection, Real Estate Development, Analytical Hierarchy Process, City Planning Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100722 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Claudia van der Vorst Author-Name-First: Claudia Author-Name-Last: van der Vorst Author-Email: claudiavdvorst@hotmail.de Author-Workplace-Name: Universtity of Applied Science Kufstein, Tirol, Austria and Doctoral Student of the University of Riga, Latvia Title: SATISFACTION WITH THE SELECTION OF AN ERP SYSTEM. EXPERTS OPINIONS FOR SME. Abstract: In the big global markets, the business requirements for small and medium-sized companies (SME) are changing rapidly. With the fast international growth of even very small companies, their need for a professional IT and ERP system support is higher than ever. A study of the Center for Enterprise Research of the University of Potsdam analysed 1300 SME companies and stated that about 70% of the companies are planning to invest in an ERP System implementation or are in the middle of implementation. A trend towards a decline of the significance of an ERP System specifically for SME is not noticeable (cf. Gronau, 2012). There are significant trends where SME companies and ERP providers will have to work on the next 5-10 years. Firstly, due to the high internationalization specifically of German SME companies, the ERP provider needs to invest in very specific industry solutions which can be integrated. In addition, the core functionality and processes have to improve even more. Secondly, technology and IT architecture are gaining importance. Finally, ERP has to provide mobile solutions in the years to come. The study claims that the current need is under 50% but increasing. Similar to cloud computing where currently the companies are still hesitant on the one hand, but dependent on the technological details, more and more companies are interested in new solutions (cf. Gronau, 2013).On the bases of the experience with business Case Studies, a Questionnaire has been developed and executed with over 60 business experts. All experts had years of experience in the field of ERP selection and implementation in the German and Austrian market. The main hypothesis that there is a relation between the satisfaction with an ERP system and the execution of the selection process could be confirmed along a set of criteria like budget constraints and time pressure. In summary; there is hardly a structured selection process and satisfaction with the ERP system is not measured but all involved people have an opinion based on ?gut feel?. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 902-911 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=135&rid=967 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100967 Classification-JEL: O39, M15 Keywords: Critical Success Factors (CSF), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Small and Mid-size Enti-ties (SME), Decision Making, Selection. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100967 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bordin Waelateh Author-Name-First: Bordin Author-Name-Last: Waelateh Author-Email: bordinwaelateh@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University Author-Name: Nurul Husna Paramal Author-Name-First: Nurul Husna Author-Name-Last: Paramal Author-Email: nurulhusna.prm@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkla University Title: English Learning Strategies Employed by Thai Students: A Case Study at Prince Songkla University, Pattani Campus Abstract: As elsewhere, Thailand, in the globalized world, English has gained an important role in different areas of life over the last decades. It is taught as an official second language in all elementary and many secondary schools and also in universities. Unfortunately, although Thai students spend a lot of time learning English, both in schools hours and after school tutorial classes, college graduates today cannot use English to communicate effectively in the real world.The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the English learning strategies among Thai university students. The study employed a survey design which involved administering questionnaires of rating scales by using Oxford (1990) Strategies Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) to measure language learning strategies. The study also used interview questions as part of data collection to investigate how ecological system influence learning English from twenty five students of Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Thailand. The research design of this study was a qualitative study focusing on in-depth interview session while questionnaires were the supplementary to explain the general language learning preferences. The result of this study revealed that most Thai students adopted cognitive strategy in learning ranging from repeating to analyzing expressions to summarizing. Also, they learned in transferring expressions from Thai language which is a mother tongue to English. The learners constructed a formal model in their minds based on analysis and comparison, created general rules and then revised the rules when any new information is available. Listening to music and watching soundtrack movies and clips were among the major activities employed by the students. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 912-926 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=136&rid=86 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100086 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Learning strategy, EFL, language acquisition, cognition Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100086 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Fa-ezah Wasoh Author-Name-First: Fa-ezah Author-Name-Last: Wasoh Author-Email: huangyai2003@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus Title: EFL@Facebook: Integrating Social Networking Tool As A Medium In Writing Classroom Abstract: Facebook (FB) is now considered as the most popular platform for online social networking among university students. The present study aims to investigate whether Facebook would be an effective and easy teaching and learning tool in EFL writing classroom in Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus. The data was collected from the students writing assignments on Facebook. The findings revealed that the use of Facebook in the teaching and learning of EFL writing English has to a certain extent been effective. Teachers indicated that Facebook is not far different from other new teaching tools. Students showed positive attitude toward using Facebook as a means of learning grammar and writing. As an alternative learning tool, Facebook offered students a convenient and attractive means to engross in discussion with the teacher and peers who had better grammatical and writing knowledge. Nevertheless, Facebook could help them to increase their motivation and build confidence in learning EFL writing as well. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 927-935 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=137&rid=140 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100140 Classification-JEL: Keywords: EFL writing, Facebook, Social Networking Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Lakshman Wedikkarage Author-Name-First: Lakshman Author-Name-Last: Wedikkarage Author-Email: punchi@ped.uio.no Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education Author-Name: Nilantha Pushpakumara Author-Name-First: Nilantha Author-Name-Last: Pushpakumara Author-Email: 20nilantha@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Colombo Author-Name: Nilantha Pushpakumara Author-Name-First: Nilantha Author-Name-Last: Pushpakumara Author-Email: 20nilantha@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Colombo Title: Assessing the Impact of Existing Curriculum of Life Competencies and Civic Education in Lower Secondary (6-9) Grades on Social Cohesion in Sri Lanka Abstract: It is widely accepted that proper research must precede education reforms. This requirement is imperative because it has the ability to avoid any detrimental outcome which is produced as a result of introducing reforms that may not be favorable for certain ethnic groups. A closer look at the curriculum of the subject Life Competencies and Civic Education in the recent past indicates that it has not contributed adequately to social cohesion and national harmony in the Sri Lankan context. Against such a background, it is necessary to investigate the impact of the curriculum of Life Competencies and Civic Education in enhancing social cohesion. Therefore, the current research has been undertaken with a view to ascertaining to what extent the contents of the above subject inculcates feelings of togetherness and harmony in the minds of young children in grades 6-9 in Sri Lankan schools. Thus, the objectives of the research is to evaluate the textbooks in relation to the objectives of introducing this subject and identify necessary changes that should be introduced to the curriculum in order to reinforce social cohesion among the young minds of Sri Lanka. The research methodology includes content analysis, interviews and observation. Initial findings show that curriculum developers and textbook writers of Life Competencies and Civic Education lack understanding of social cohesion. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 936-936 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=138&rid=215 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100215 Classification-JEL: I28, I28, I28 Keywords: Social Cohesion, Education Reforms, Life competencies and Civic Education, Textbooks, Ethnic Tolerance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jochen Wicher Author-Name-First: Jochen Author-Name-Last: Wicher Author-Email: jochen.wicher@ifg-muenster.de Author-Workplace-Name: University of Muenster Title: The relationship between Informal Institutions and a Sustainable Development - Evidence from a Panel Data Set Abstract: Institutions play a critical role in the economic development of a country. The correlation between these two variables has been acknowledged in economic literature. However, the causal relationship is still under debate although there is a tendency towards the notion that institutions influence the economic development and not the reverse. Another important topic of current research is the identification of institutions that are particularly beneficial. Until now, other facets of the development of a country have not been featured heavily in the literature. This holds especially true for measures of sustainability. One of the few papers dealing with this topic is STOEVER (2012). She uses Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) Rates as an approximation for sustainability and the Kaufmann-Index as an approach to operationalize institutions. ANS represents the weak form of sustainability. Using OLS- and Two-Stage-Least-Square-Regression, she finds a positive and statistically significant relationship. The result is robust for sensitivity analyses. This paper contributes to this field of research by using more specific measures for both the dependent and the independent variable. Based on data from 30 international surveys conducted between 1996 and 2012, a panel data set is built to estimate the informal institutions of 73 countries. Within these estimates, 13 different forms of informal institutions can be identified. According to NORTH (1990), the informal institutions seem to be more important for the development of a country than the formal ones. On an aggregated level, the panel data set can be used to reproduce the results of STOEVER (2012). However, the way in which the measures are constructed allows the analysis of the relationship on a more disaggregated level, e.g. the social facet of sustainability. In contrast to the study of STOEVER (2012), the analysis on this level is more accurate because it does represent the strong form of sustainability unlike the ANS. Therefore, bad results in one facet of sustainability cannot be settled by good results in another one. Using Random Effects Models and Fixed Effects Models, a positive and statistically significant relationship can be found between informal institutions and sustainability. The results also provide evidence for a causal relationship directed from informal institutions to sustainability. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 937-937 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=139&rid=201 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100201 Classification-JEL: O17, O43, P48 Keywords: Informal Institutions, Economic and Sustainable Development, Panel Data Analysis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ku Majdi Yamirudeng Author-Name-First: Ku Majdi Author-Name-Last: Yamirudeng Author-Email: k_yamirudeng@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Yala Rajabhat University Title: Factors Influencing Customer Decision Making to Select Islamic Banking in Thailand Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing customers' decision to select with confidence Islamic banking in southern parts of Thailand as the mediating variable. Based on the Intermediation Theory and Consumer Behavior Theory, banks are to act as intermediaries by utilizing the depositors' money to provide banking products and services which meet their customers' needs and expectations. Gaining customers' confidence is important as banking business is based on trust and integrity. Hence, as mediating variable, customers' confidence in the way Islamic banking is conducted is hypothesized to strengthen the customers' decision to select Islamic banking in Thailand. This study employs a survey method, factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Self-administered questionnaires were obtained from 300 Islamic bank customers (representing 67 percent response rate). Based on the results, the study finds that 51.7 percent of the Islamic bank customers in southern Thailand are corporate customers, and they are mostly women entrepreneurs. This is an important demographic trend finding which shows that working women are becoming more extensive users of Islamic banking products and services. Based on factor analysis, factor which emerge as important in determining customers' confidence in Thailand are religion, reputation, knowledge, attitude, convenience and service. While confidence and religious motives are direct, and significantly related to bank selection, confidence is found to have a positive while religious motive a negative influence on Islamic bank selection. In terms of mediation effect, attitude, convenience and reputation through confidence exhibit full mediation effect. The findings imply that Islamic banks should emphasize. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 938-938 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=140&rid=24 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100024 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Confidence, Islamic Banking, Bank Selection Decision Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: MUNIRAH YAMIRUDENG Author-Name-First: MUNIRAH Author-Name-Last: YAMIRUDENG Author-Email: munirah-y@bunga.pn.psu.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Prince of Songkhla University, Pattani Campus Title: The Challenge of Diversity: Ethnic Language Retention and the Shaping Of the Malay Muslim Identity in the Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand Abstract: Heritage language is a complex issue that affects Malay Muslims who live in bilingual environment. They may look different, speak a different language, practice different religions, and follow different cultural rituals from the larger Thai society. What is it like to be who they are? How does being linguistically different influence their sense of ethnic identity? it is important to pay attention to the extent mother tongue can play an important role in constructing the scene of ethnic identity among the Malay Muslims of southern Thailand whose language and culture are different from those of the monolingual Thai-speaking population. It is important to better understand how Malay Muslims perceive themselves and come to terms with their identity while living in a society that dichotomizes majority versus minority and Thai-speakers versus non-Thai speakers. Do they resolve conflicting identities resulting from living in two different cultures? Or do they identify themselves with one culture over the other? Therefore, this paper is an attempt to discuss how the Malay language was used as a symbol to preserve and sustain the Malay identity among the Malay Muslims of southern Thailand. It is important to examine the experiences, thoughts, and feelings of Malay Muslims about their native language and to observe whether Malay and Thai have different functions and context status from each other in their lives. This study serves the need for studies that analyze language as an essential component of nationalism, and not merely as a means of communication. Length: 5 pages Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 939-943 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=141&rid=322 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100322 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Heritage Language, Ethnic Identity, Culture, Malay Muslims. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmad Mikail Zaini Author-Name-First: Ahmad Mikail Author-Name-Last: Zaini Author-Email: ahmadmikailzaini@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University Malaysia Author-Name: Kenny Devita Indraswari Author-Name-First: Kenny Devita Author-Name-Last: Indraswari Author-Email: kenny.wiraatmadja@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University Malaysia Title: The Effect of Trilemma toward Economic Growth of Newly Industrialized Economy in Southeast Asia Abstract: Southeast Asia is a growing region in terms of its economic activities characterized by its high economic growth, integration toward global economy and high capital accumulation. Nevertheless, Asian financial crisis in 1997 has disturbed the achievement of some newly industrialized countries (NICs) and has changed some of their macroeconomic policies orientation. This experience has disenchanted Southeast Asian countries to be more concerned about the effect of global financial fragility to its own domestic economy. For instance, they began to impose, at certain degree, capital mobility restriction and managing exchange rate stability. With regard to this issue, this paper examines the effect of monetary independence, capital control and exchange rate stability toward economic growth of NICs in Southeast Asia. However, most of the articles regarding to trilemma did not come up with proper quantitative approach in assessing the degree of capital control, monetary independence, and exchange rate stability policy imposed by several countries. Therefore, we applied Aizenman , Chinn, and Ito index in measuring monetary independence, exchange rate stability, financial openness or capital control. We used balance panel data from 1990 to 2011 of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippine as representation of NICs in Southeast Asia. We estimated economic growth as our dependent variable with several factor such as openness and inflation, beside trilemma variable, as our main variables. We followed panel data procedure in our estimation. By applying Chow test, LM test, and Hausman test the evidence exhibits that fixed effect specification is preferable in this model. The result of the estimation shows that financial openness index and monetary independence index are negatively significant toward economic growth. In another hand, higher exchange rate stability is positively affected economic growth although it was not statistically significant. Based on this evidence we can infer that managing capital mobility or imposing capital control at some degree are preferable rather than implementing monetary independence and implementing exchange rate stability for enhancing economic growth since three of them cannot be applied at the same time. Besides, Inflation is positively significant in determining economic growth while trade openness is not statistically significant in determining economic growth. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 944-944 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=142&rid=742 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100742 Classification-JEL: F31, F32, F36 Keywords: the effect of trilemma; economic growth; Southeast Asia; panel data; fixed effect. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anis Zakaria Author-Name-First: Anis Author-Name-Last: Zakaria Author-Email: aniszakaria72@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University Putra of Malaysia Author-Name: Zaidatul Syahirah Zainal Abidin Author-Name-First: Zaidatul Syahirah Author-Name-Last: Zainal Abidin Author-Email: oceanus87@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University Putra of Malaysia Title: Knowledge and Practice of Healthy Lifestyle Among Higher Institution Student Abstract: The knowledge and practice on healthy lifestyle is very important to determine a good growth and mental development for students at the tertiary level. It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and promotion of well-being. Unhealthy nutrition, physical inactivity, tobacco use and the use of alcohol and illicit drugs are among identified lifestyle-related risk factors(The European health report, 2002). It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in promotion of well-being (WHO 1990). Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours particularly poor dietary practices, physical inactivity and smoking are major risk factors for conditions like overweight, obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases (Damasceno 2006) Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify and explore level, types and barrier in practicing healthy lifestyle among the students under Bachelor of Home Science and Agriculture Science Education program. This quantitative and qualitative research used questionnaires and interview as research instrument. 259 students were involved as sample for quantitative data and five informant were selected for quantitative data. Results showed that there were no significant result between knowledge and practice and selected types of healthy life style were detected at highly known and practiced. The barrier of practicing healthy life identified among the students were time constraint, work burden, weak in time management and consciousness about healthy life style. Several suggestions were given to promote healthy lifestyle among the students to highlight and improve good mental development and grown to be taken action by the students and university. This study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyle among university students. Therefore universities should emphasize a healthy lifestyle in all faculties as a required subject. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2014-05 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 9th International Academic Conference, Istanbul, May 2014, pages 945-945 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=143&rid=729 File-Function: First version, 2014 Number: 0100729 Classification-JEL: I19, I29 Keywords: Healthy lifestyle,higher education students Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:0100729