Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sohaimi Abdul Aziz Author-Name-First: Sohaimi Author-Name-Last: Abdul Aziz Author-Email: soaazz@usm.my Author-Workplace-Name: School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia Title: Challenging the Writer?s Authority: A study of the Participatory Creative Process of the Malay Novelists Abstract: The participatory of a reader in the participatory creative process that involves the media convergence has challenged the authority of the writer. This development is further enhanced with the influence of commercialism in the writing of popular novel. But to what extent it is true? This paper will examine the participatory creative process of two Malay novelists who write popular novels. They are Ain Maisarah and Wan Iman Wan Mohd Nazi. The theory of participatory creative process which comprises of three principles, namely, media convergence, participatory cultural and emotional intelligence will be applied in this study. The method used is, textual analysis involving novel analysis and social media. The study found that the novelists still have their authority over their works although there is a huge drive of commercialism in the writing of the popular novels. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 1-1 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=001&rid=4134 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804134 Classification-JEL: Y90 Keywords: participatory creative process, media convergence, participatory cultural, emotional intelligence, Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tunde Adeleke Author-Name-First: Tunde Author-Name-Last: Adeleke Author-Email: tadeleke@iastate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Center for American Intercultural Studies, Iowa State University, USA Title: "Today is the Day of Salvation": Martin R. Delany's Campaign Against Providentialism in Early Nineteenth Century Black Abolitionism Abstract: Several scholars have acknowledged and discussed the otherworldly character of Black religion in America. From its inception in the late eighteenth century, the Black Church had embraced an otherworldly and providential theology that tied the challenges of the black struggle to the promises of a better and compensatory world to come. The adoption of this theology, however, provoked conflict with the bourgeoning black abolitionist movement of the early nineteenth century. Centered on the doctrine of moral suasion, the conflict between the theology preached by some Black Churches, and the black abolitionist movement, especially in relation to the daily struggles of blacks for freedom and equality, remains a neglected subject. In the early phase of his career, Martin Delany (1812-1885) became the focus of this conflict. He made it the centerpiece of his anti-slavery crusade. Convinced that black American progress was stymied by a theology that discouraged self-deterministic initiatives, Delany publicly challenged the leading black churches, drawing attention to the limitations and problematic nature of otherworldly theology. He advanced a secularist conception of religion, one informed and driven by a self-deterministic ethos that taught blacks to rely less on the promises of a better world, and more on their own agency and capacity to transform their condition, and fulfill their destinies HERE and NOW. He described this self-determinism, secularism and this-worldly disposition as the true essence of Christianity. In the process, he brought public attention to a contradiction within black ?liberation? theology. This paper is an attempt to draw scholarly attention to this critical but neglected theme in the responses of some of the leading early Black Churches to anti-slavery. Delany?s crusade represented perhaps one of, if not, the earliest public articulation and defense of liberation theology by a black American. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 2-2 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=002&rid=4607 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804607 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Providentialism, Otherworldly, This-Worldly, Abolitionism, Colonization Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Toqueer Akhter Author-Name-First: Syed Toqueer Author-Name-Last: Akhter Author-Email: syedtoqueer.research@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Lahore School of Economics Author-Name: Bilal Maqbool Author-Name-First: Bilal Author-Name-Last: Maqbool Author-Email: belalmaqbool1@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Lahore School of Economics Title: The Impact Assessment of the Social Demonstration Effect and Religiosity upon Charitable Spendings: Findings of a Cross Sectional Study in Pakistan. Abstract: The study attempts to find the extent to which the Social Demonstration Effect and Religiosity have an impact on the Charitable Spendings appearing in form of efforts towards poverty alleviation, providing financial transfers to internally displaced persons and as a response to disasters. Despite the fact that Pakistan is a developing nation, it possesses a strong culture of charitable giving which reflects high degree of concern for humanity among ordinary people in the country. This supports the government?s initial effort to drive social progress in Pakistan. In order to pretest the impact of Social Demonstration Effect and Religiosity a cross sectional foundation has been preferred and the sampling frame was based upon the estimates on income disparity and the segregation of income groups. The number of respondents from five different income groups was selected on the basis of income received by each group as suggested by the Lorentz curve for Pakistan. Important sections in the questionnaire include Religiosity, Spending for Humanity, Self-personal interest, Educational quality and Socio economic factors. Competing econometric models namely Ordinary Least Squares model, Weighted Least Squares and Median Regression have been estimated so that to consolidate the impact of Social Demonstration Effect and Religiosity upon Charitable Spendings comprehensively. Model estimates entail the Social Demonstration Effect present in the society, the impact of religious norms that mandate donations and the degree to which Tax concessions help generate funds for charity. Government regulations to introduce social awareness programs about the importance of charities in religion and their effect on the economic welfare of the country tends to be a viable option to generate more funds for charities. Length: 21 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 3-23 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=003&rid=4298 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804298 Classification-JEL: I31 Keywords: Charitable spending, Social demonstration effect, Religiosity, Weighted Least Squares model, Median Regression. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hasret Akta? Author-Name-First: Hasret Author-Name-Last: Akta? Author-Email: h.aktas@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Associate Professor, Selcuk University, Faculty of Communication Author-Name: Burçe Boyraz Author-Name-First: Burçe Author-Name-Last: Boyraz Author-Email: burceboyraz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Research Assistant, Selcuk University, Faculty of Communication, Author-Name: Merve Gençyürek Erdo?an Author-Name-First: Merve Author-Name-Last: Gençyürek Erdo?an Author-Email: mervegencyurek@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Lecturer, Gazi University, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Title: Interactive Advertising Models: A Meta-Analysis Abstract: Today, virtual world and its online experiences come into prominence. In terms of advertising in new media, understanding what users do and how they behave online is crucial for not only computer scientists, but also advertisers and marketing professionals. Traditional communication and advertising models fall short to explain online behaviors of consumers because none of them considers interactive nature of Web 2.0. Advertising and computer science theorists develop interactive models to gain insight into online behaviors of consumers. By this way, computer scientists design their clients? web sites and other online channels user-friendly and marketing professionals perform their online campaigns in a manner which users cannot refuse or ignore. Also, they may even make a part their audience in advertising campaigns.Although, interactive advertising is a commonly used concept, there are limited number of studies specially focus on this issue in related literature. In this study, a meta-analysis is made on existing interactive advertising models. By this way, studies about interactive advertising is analyzed interrelatedly and chronologically. Length: 19 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 24-42 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=004&rid=5006 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805006 Classification-JEL: Keywords: interactive advertising models, meta-analysis, interactivity Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Faisal Al-Maamari Author-Name-First: Faisal Author-Name-Last: Al-Maamari Author-Email: faisalf@squ.edu.om Author-Workplace-Name: Sultan Qaboos University Title: Response Rate in Institutional Student Evaluation of Teaching: A stakeholder approach to SET Administration Abstract: Institutional Student evaluation of teaching (SET) in post-compulsory education is both a controversial and essential performance management practice in theory and in practice. This paper will initially review the literature on SET and summarize the theoretical and practice-related controversy. I will then consider the notion of whether response rate in SET surveys is considered a problem of bias or an argument contributing to its validity. I will further explore the reasons responsible for the decrease in response rates in electronic SETs with a special focus on the concerns that faculty have against it.The study explores the effect of response rate on the student evaluation of teaching (SET) in first year English language programmes in a tertiary setting in Oman. Statistical analysis in the form of regression analysis is used to answer the research questions relating to the factors that predict response rate and influence SET global scores, and further test the posed hypotheses pertaining to the differences in response rate between major and non-major courses and degree and non-degree courses in a first year English language programme at a university setting. The study utilizes a dataset record of 2000 student ratings obtained from SET surveys from the period of Fall 2011 through to Spring 2014. In order to study the interactional effects between the factors, the analysis utilizes a six-variable structure comprising of three independent variables (i.e. class size, course type & instructor gender), two dependent variables (i.e. total teaching aggregate score mean & instructor global score mean) and one independent and dependent variable (i.e. percent participation levels).I will end with a description of the ?top 20 strategies? to enhance response rate in electronic SET based on the framework proposed by Berk (2012). I will finally focus on one major strategy that is not included in Berk?s framework, but is one that can contribute to the original formative function of SET, which is the development of the practice of teaching at the individual and departmental levels. I argue that a stakeholder approach to the administration and management of SET is the most promising means to encourage balanced student populations to participate in institutional SETs. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 43-43 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=005&rid=4883 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804883 Classification-JEL: Keywords: (higher) education, Oman, response rate, stakeholder administration, student evaluation of teaching, SET Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804883 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksandrs Aleksandrovs Author-Name-First: Aleksandrs Author-Name-Last: Aleksandrovs Author-Email: aleksandrsa@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Daugavipils University Author-Name: Ilze Koroleva Author-Name-First: Ilze Author-Name-Last: Koroleva Author-Email: ilzek@petijums.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Daugavpils University Title: Measuring Youth Well-Being ? options appraisal for a pan-European longitudinal survey Abstract: MYWeB project takes a balanced approach to assessing the feasibility of a European Longitudinal Study for Children and Young People (ELSCYP) through prioritising both scientific and policy imperatives. A Delphi study was carried out to help refine the list of options and criteria against which a development of a longitudinal survey was appraised. The focus of research was on finding a mutually beneficial meeting point between policy and research across Europe. Between October 2014 and February 2015, three questionnaires were issued to 334 panellist identified as experts in the fields of survey methodology, children and youth, well-being, and policy. Experts involved in the Delphi agreed that the role of evidence is important in social policy, particularly in order to have a better understanding of policy impact (65.6%), review the design of social policies (63.2%), monitor progress (60%) and measure the distribution of policy outcomes across different target groups (56.4%). There was a strong consensus amongst panel members that the evaluation of children and youth policies supports policy makers in improving policies (84.7%). Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 44-44 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=006&rid=5245 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805245 Classification-JEL: I30 Keywords: well-being, longitudinal survey, feasibility, delphi survey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Edlira Aliaj Author-Name-First: Edlira Author-Name-Last: Aliaj Author-Email: edliraaliaj@yahoo.it Author-Workplace-Name: Universiteti i Vlorës \ Title: THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ARBITRATION IN ALBANIA Abstract: FDI into Albania has been rising steadily since the early 2000s. These investments are essentially in the oil, metal ore, infrastructure, construction and telephony sectors. Albania has applied a policy framework favorable to FDI, and has more recently introduced policies to support private sector development in general. In recent years, the government has enacted reforms to improve the overall business climate in the country by streamlining business procedures through e-government reforms and improved legislation in a variety of sectors. The government currently is drafting a new Law on Investment that will provide investment incentives and fast-track registration and licensing procedures for strategic foreign investors. The Albanian legal system does not discriminate against foreign investors. Albania has implemented a liberal foreign investment regime with the goal of increasing foreign direct investment. Additionally, in September 2010, the parliament approved several amendments to this law that provide special protection for foreign investment in the tourism, energy and agriculture sectors. Aiming at encouraging foreigners willing to invest in Albania, the law provides considerable guarantees to them, consisting of: Judicial protection of foreign investors with respect to the legal rights related to their investments. Foreign investors may bring disputes before an Albanian court, or refer the case to arbitration. The relevant provisions governing domestic and international commercial arbitration are incorporated in the Albanian Code of Civil Procedure.Investors in Albania are entitled to judicial protection of the rights related to their investment. The parties to a dispute may agree to submit disputes for consideration by an arbitration institution. In the event of a failure of such arbitration, foreign investors have the right to submit the dispute to an Albanian court or to the Arbitration Court in Tirana. In the event of a dispute regarding discrimination, transfer of assets, or indirect expropriation of foreign investment by the Government, the investor may submit the dispute to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Ratified international agreements have legal superiority over domestic legislation in Albania in matters relating to FDI. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 45-52 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=007&rid=5359 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805359 Classification-JEL: A10, J52 Keywords: Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), Arbitration, Albania Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tugay Arat Author-Name-First: Tugay Author-Name-Last: Arat Author-Email: tarat@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Faculty of Tourism Title: A Study on Travel Blogs and Word of Mouth Communication Abstract: Nowadays, consumers see tourism as an experience and while they are deciding which experience they want to live, they give more importance to past experiences. In addition, past experiences are more comprehensive and reliable. Blogs which are a major contribution to the tourism sector are used by more and more consumers; it is understood from the comments and from the counter. Because consumers want to make the right decision while they are purchasing a product. Moreover blogs have become extremely important for the customers to provide the opportunity for dialogue among themselves. In particular, travel blogs exchange information among tourists; it offers real information about the approach of market places and business destinations. With the perspective of a tourist, blogs; getting ideas from other travel-related consumer products is digitized word of mouth communication. The purpose of this study is type of communication and word of mouth work to examine the effects of these forms of communication. In this study, the best trip blogs is examined with analysis of web pages contents. The scope of content analysis is limited to the first fifty travel blog sites obtained from the google search engine. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 53-53 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=008&rid=4859 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804859 Classification-JEL: D83 Keywords: Word of mouth communications, Trip blogs, Tourism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ayse ARAT Author-Name-First: Ayse Author-Name-Last: ARAT Author-Email: aysena@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Faculty of Law Title: STEP CHILDREN'S PROTECTION IN TURKISH CIVIL LAW Abstract: Step children are viewed pity for all cultures. Even foster parents are always evil in tales. In real life, the situation is not the same for all step children, but there is no doubt that this is a sensitive subject. The rule of law has brought protective provisions in favor of children because they are incapable. So that parents? custody on children has been limited to various provisions against abuse. The striking one among these limiting provisions is a provision for interest and pay attention to spouses minors of the stepchildren (TCC. Art. 338). This is relatively new in terms of the provisions of Turkish law, not only leads to the emergence of a set of results but also for an advice. The beginning of these results, if step parents' behavior violates obligation of care and his own mother or father condone this, the custody of child's can be removed and even care obligating violation of a defective behavior for spouses' divorce. In our study, according to the Turkish Civil Law provisions in the general framework of the protection of children, in particular the step child protection and violation of care obligations to the step children the sanctions that may arise are evaluated. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 54-54 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=009&rid=4860 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804860 Classification-JEL: K36 Keywords: Step-child, Protection of Step-child, Stepchild at the Turkish Civil Law. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804860 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Elif Aydo?du-Özo?lu Author-Name-First: Elif Author-Name-Last: Aydo?du-Özo?lu Author-Email: aydogduelf@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Eski?ehir Osmangazi University Title: Examining Teachers' Organizational Socialization Levels In Terms Of Various Variables Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine organizational socialization levels of teachers working at primary and secondary schools. As well as the study was revealed that whether their organizational socialization levels differ acording to individual and institutional variables such as gender, age, seniority, branch, working experience in the school, level of education, number of teachers and students in the school and school level. Survey model was used in this quantitative study. The sample included 374 teachers working at public primary and secondary school in Eski?ehir city center.The data of study was collected by "Organizational Socialization Scale" consisting of 20 items and four dimension which was developed and revised by Taormina (2004). Firstly, language validity, construct validity and reliability analyzes of the scale were made The frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Some recommendations were presented in the context of results obtained from the study. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 55-55 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=010&rid=5246 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805246 Classification-JEL: A20, A29, A00 Keywords: primary school, secondary school, education, teacher, socialization Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aynur B. BOSTANCI Author-Name-First: Aynur Author-Name-Last: B. BOSTANCI Author-Email: aynur.bozkurt@usak.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Usak University Author-Name: Ahmet Yurdakul Author-Name-First: Ahmet Author-Name-Last: Yurdakul Author-Email: ahmetyurdakul81@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of National Education Author-Name: Seniye Fulya Kabar Author-Name-First: Seniye Fulya Author-Name-Last: Kabar Author-Email: senyefulya@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of National Education Title: The relation between school directors? political skill with self-leadership perceptions and their perceptions Abstract: Political skill is defined as a feauture which has emotional and behavioral aspects and constitutes an extensive model of social skills. Political skill is seen as the capability of using person?s current knowledge towards effecting the others in order to increase and protect the personal benefits (Treadway et.al , 2005 as cited in Do?an, Bozkurt & Demirba?, 2014). Another variable of the research self leadership is defined as person?s motivating him/herself in order to get the personal and organizational success and the proccess of self directing by Manz. Also in self-leadership leaders should have the skills of identification their future truely, knowing their skills and improving them preeminently (as cited inTabak, S??r? & Türköz, 2003). Political skill is seen as an important source in self?s success, motivating, improving and leading the situation( Atay, 2010). In another variable of the research self-leadership top director plays an important role in creating leadership culture in order to influence and direct all team members and maximize the team potential (Pearce, 2004). As it is understood from the literature political skill is relevant with self-leadership and shared leadership practises. In this sense in this research we aimed to reveal the relation between school directors? political skill with self-leadership level and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools by focusing on the following research:1.What is the school directors? political skill self-leadership and perceptions of shared leadership in their schools level?2.Is there a relation between school directors? political skilll with self-leadership perceptions and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools ?3.Does school directors? political skill predict self-leadership perceptions and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools ?The research is in relational screening model. In the research the school directors? opinions were scanned in order to reveal the relations between political skilll and self-leadership perceptions and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools.The sample group consists of 187 school directors in U?ak city. Simple sampling model was used in the research. The data were collected by using ? Political Skill? , ? Self-Leadership? and ?Perceptions of Shared Leadership? scales. In the analysis of data aritmetic mean, for the relation between variables Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficient and in order to reveal the prediction of independent variables on dependent variables multilinear regression analysis were used. As the data analysis process is going on, results and suggestions part is in constitution phase. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 56-57 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=011&rid=5302 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805302 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Political skill, self-leadership,shared leadership,teacher Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aynur B. BOSTANCI Author-Name-First: Aynur Author-Name-Last: B. BOSTANCI Author-Email: aynur.bozkurt@usak.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Usak University Author-Name: Önder ARSLAN Author-Name-First: Önder Author-Name-Last: ARSLAN Author-Email: ondarslan@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of National Education Title: The Correlation between school directors? Patternalist Leadership level and the teachers? organization sinism Abstract: Paternalist leadership is a type of behavior which depends on paternalistic thought, and in the basis of this behavior which identifies with father in the family the defending sense, love , selfsacrifise which need taking decisions towards the benefits of other family members without taking his own needs and benefits lie. Patternalist leadership was defined three dimension authotarian leadership, assistant leadership and ethic leadership . Organizational sinism is stated as the thought of organization?s being away from honesty and integrity and as employees? negative attitudes towards his organization. When the relation between attitude and organizational sinism studied, in cognitive dimension of organizational sinism the belief of organizations? lack of honesty, in emotional dimension the behaviours disrespect, anger, trouble, embaressment, anxiety, stress, in behavioral dimension employees? complaints about their organisations, making fun of their organisations and criticising their organisations are seen. In this study the relationship between teachers? perceptions of the level of Patternalist Leadership of School Directors and the level of teachers? organizational sinism was tried to be identified.In this sense the answers of these questions were searched:1.What are the teachers? perceptions about school directors? patternalist leadership level and the level of organizational sinism?2.Are there any differences of teachers? opinions about school directors patternalist leadership level and level of organizational sinism in terms of gender, professional seniority, graduate level,professional time at the same school and type of school?3.Is there a correlation between teachers? perceptions of school directors? Patternalist Leadership level and the level of teachers? organizational sinism ? The research is in the relational screening model . The sample group teachers in U?ak city center. In the research simple sample method was employed. In the analyse process unrelated T-Test, One-Way variance analyse were used. According to the results; Teachers? perceptions about school directors? patternalist leadership level don?t differ level in terms of gender, professional seniority, graduate level but they differ in terms of professional time at the same school and type of school. Teachers? sinism levels don?t differ in terms of gender and graduate level but they differ in terms of professional seniority, professional time at the same school and type of school. .There is a significant negative medium level correlation between teachers? perceptions about helpfulness and moral leadership level of school directors and organizational sinism. Besides that there is a significant positive medium level correlation between teachers? perceptions about authoritarian leadership level of school directors and organizational sinism. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 58-59 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=012&rid=5305 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805305 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Paternalist leadership, organizational sinism,teachers Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aynur B.BOSTANCI Author-Name-First: Aynur Author-Name-Last: B.BOSTANCI Author-Email: aynur.bozkurt@usak.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Usak University Author-Name: Ali AKBA? Author-Name-First: Ali Author-Name-Last: AKBA? Author-Email: aliakbas1976@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of National Education Title: The relationship between the teachers? perception of organizational politics and emotional labour Abstract: The individuals? perceptions of events determines their reactions against their managers, colllegues and thier organizations. Organizational politics is releted to illegal behaviours rather than legal rules in an organization. Farrel and Petersen (1982) explains political behaviour as the attemp to affect the sharing of adventages and disadventages which is not a part of his/her role in the organization. According to Hochschild (1983) emotional labour is the reorganizations of emotions in order to be observed by other employees and making presentations facially and phscycally in that way. An other definations is that it is the effort to understand others, making emphaty and feeling the emotions of others as your own emotions (England and Farkas, 1986). The purpuse of the study is to determine the relationship between the teachers?s perception of organizational politics and emotional labour. Having this in mind, the answer of the following questions are going to be answered;1.What is the opinion of the teachers about organizational politics and perception of emotional labour?2.Does the perception of organizational politics and emotional labour of the teachers show difference according to sex, seniority and working period in the same school?3.Which level is the relationship between the perception of organizational politics and perception of emotional labour of the teachers?The research is in the relational screening model. The sample group is 356 secondary school teachers who work in the secondary schools in U?ak city center. In the research simple sample method has been employed. According to the results of the research;The percetion of teachers? organizational politics shows some diffferences depending on sex, number of teachers in the school and working period in the same school. Male teachers to female teachers, teachers who work in crowded schools to teachers working in small schools and the teachers who have been working in the same schooll more than others have more political perceptions than the others. Teachers? emotional labour level shows difference at the extent of deep role playing according to the sex, seniority and working period in the same school. It has been determined that male teachers to female teachers, teachers whose working period is longer to the teachers whose working period is shorter in the same school and senior teachers to junior teachers have higher level of emotional labour. Lastly, the results show that there is a low relation between the teachers? perception of organizational politics and emotional labour Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 60-61 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=013&rid=5303 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805303 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Organizational politics, political behaviour, emotional labour, emotional conflict. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aynur B.BOSTANCI Author-Name-First: Aynur Author-Name-Last: B.BOSTANCI Author-Email: aynur.bozkurt@usak.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Usak University Author-Name: Ahmet Yurdakul Author-Name-First: Ahmet Author-Name-Last: Yurdakul Author-Email: ahmetyurdakul81@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry Of National Education Author-Name: Seniye Fulya Kabar Author-Name-First: Seniye Fulya Author-Name-Last: Kabar Author-Email: senyefulya@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry Of National Education Title: The relation between school directors? political skill with self-leadership and shared leadership in schools Abstract: Political skill is defined as a feauture which has emotional and behavioral aspects and constitutes an extensive model of social skills. Political skill is seen as the capability of using person?s current knowledge towards effecting the others in order to increase and protect the personal benefits (Treadway et.al , 2005 as cited in Do?an, Bozkurt & Demirba?, 2014). Another variable of the research self leadership is defined as person?s motivating him/herself in order to get the personal and organizational success and the proccess of self directing by Manz. Also in self-leadership leaders should have the skills of identification their future truely, knowing their skills and improving them preeminently (as cited inTabak, S??r? & Türköz, 2003). Political skill is seen as an important source in self?s success, motivating, improving and leading the situation( Atay, 2010). In another variable of the research self-leadership top director plays an important role in creating leadership culture in order to influence and direct all team members and maximize the team potential (Pearce, 2004). As it is understood from the literature political skill is relevant with self-leadership and shared leadership practises. In this sense in this research we aimed to reveal the relation between school directors? political skill with self-leadership level and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools by focusing on the following research:1.What is the school directors? political skill self-leadership and perceptions of shared leadership in their schools level?2.Is there a relation between school directors? political skilll with self-leadership perceptions and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools ?3.Does school directors? political skill predict self-leadership perceptions and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools ?The research is in relational screening model. In the research the school directors? opinions were scanned in order to reveal the relations between political skilll and self-leadership perceptions and their perceptions of shared leadership in their schools.The sample group consists of 187 school directors in U?ak city. Simple sampling model was used in the research. The data were collected by using ? Political Skill? , ? Self-Leadership? and ?Perceptions of Shared Leadership? scales. In the analysis of data aritmetic mean, for the relation between variables Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficient and in order to reveal the prediction of independent variables on dependent variables multilinear regression analysis were used. As the data analysis process is going on, results and suggestions part is in constitution phase. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 62-63 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=014&rid=5306 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805306 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Political skill, self-leadership,shared leadership,teacher Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Omer Bakan Author-Name-First: Omer Author-Name-Last: Bakan Author-Email: obakan@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Author-Name: Ahmet Tarhan Author-Name-First: Ahmet Author-Name-Last: Tarhan Author-Email: tarhan@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Author-Name: Kadir Canoz Author-Name-First: Kadir Author-Name-Last: Canoz Author-Email: kcanoz@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Title: The Views of University Students towards Public Relations Profession and Its Practitioners Abstract: Numerous studies was carried out to explain the concept, function and profession of public relations. Public relations is a copcept that is percieved differently by different segments of the society. To reveal the views of university students on public relations is important to understand the image of public relations. This study has been conducted to determine the image of public relations profession and practitioners in the eyes of university students. A face to face survey was carried out on 514 students from Selcuk University. Several statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data. Results of the study reveal that most of the respondents have positive views towards the concept of public relations profession and its practitioners. Most of the respondents stated that the public relations profession requires expertise and this job can only be performed by people who have finished their university education in the field of public relations. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 64-71 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=015&rid=4509 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804509 Classification-JEL: Keywords: public relations, public relations practitioners, university students Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Harun Bal Author-Name-First: Harun Author-Name-Last: Bal Author-Email: harunbal@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova University Author-Name: Nese Algan Author-Name-First: Nese Author-Name-Last: Algan Author-Email: nalgan@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova University Author-Name: P?nar Ozdemir Author-Name-First: P?nar Author-Name-Last: Ozdemir Author-Email: pozdemir@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova Universiy Title: Role of Political Intitutions on Social Conflicts and Economic Accumulation: A Case Study of Turkey Abstract: There is widespread agreement among economist that society has became an organization through the institutions. However, there is not a consensus about definition of institutions and in which way institutions affect countries economic performance. With pioneering paper Acemo?lu, Johnson and Robinson (2001) , defends a new perpective about role of institutions in development process. By using Schumpeterian creative destruction point of view, they have mentioned the importance of power relations and redustribution in order to explain development process. Aim of this paper is to explain social conflict and political institutions role on economic development from the the period nineteenth century to today for Turkey where founded as a secular, nationalist Rebuplic that inheritor of multinetional theocratic Ottoman Empire. Founder philolosphy of Rebuplic was inhereted from collapsing period of Ottomans accompanied with political power relations formed by political institutions. Military- bureaucratic elites whose point of view is positivist, nationalist and Westernism created political institutions supporting their ideas. Political institutions as a main determinant of economic institutions supported their follower. New Republic foundation periods raised their own bourgeois and put constraints other groups. Therefore, social conflicts did not solved by political elites who do not want to lose their political power. This historical period have effected todays society because of cumulative causation too. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 72-86 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=016&rid=4538 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804538 Classification-JEL: B15 Keywords: instutions, social conflict Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Esra BALLI Author-Name-First: Esra Author-Name-Last: BALLI Author-Email: esraballi@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Author-Name: Muammer TEKEO?LU Author-Name-First: Muammer Author-Name-Last: TEKEO?LU Author-Email: toglu@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Author-Name: Müge MANGA Author-Name-First: Müge Author-Name-Last: MANGA Author-Email: mmanga@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Title: Testing the National Innovative Capacity of Selected Countries. Abstract: It is widely accepted that innovation is the driving force for economic growth. Therefore it is important for countries to examine their national innovative capacity to build and strength their related institutions and infrastructures. This study examines the national innovative capacity of selected 19 countries utilizing panel data for the period 1995 to 2013. The results show that patents are affected differently according to the countries? Gross Domestic Product, total personnel in Research and Development, educational share spent on Gross Domestic Product, percentage of Research and Development funded by private industry and percentage of Research and Development funded by government. In addition patents are inclined to increase nations development level. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 87-87 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=017&rid=4808 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804808 Classification-JEL: C23, F43, O30 Keywords: National innovative capacity, Panel data, Patents Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel Yao Bedi Author-Name-First: Emmanuel Yao Author-Name-Last: Bedi Author-Email: emmabedi@yahoo.co.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Fountain Mission International School Author-Name: Richmond Kweku Frempong Author-Name-First: Richmond Kweku Author-Name-Last: Frempong Author-Email: richmond.frempong@koforiduapoly.edu.gh Author-Workplace-Name: Koforidua Polytechnic Title: THE PHENOMENON OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GHANAIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Abstract: This study seeks to investigate the phenomenon of Total Quality Management and its impact on the performance of Ghanaian construction industry. The study looks at customer?s performance perception against the practitioner?s performance perception in line with quality of products in the construction industry.The study adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods based on semi-structured questionnaire to interview and interact with the management of construction firms in Ghana on how the concept of quality management was adopted in their organization and its effects on construction processes.The potential outcome of this research is to help advance the knowledge and understanding of TQM within the Ghanaian construction industry and also to investigate the level of adoption in the Ghana?s construction industry. The study also determines the impact of existing TQM models on Ghana?s construction industry. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 88-88 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=018&rid=4752 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804752 Classification-JEL: Keywords: ManagementQuality ManagementTotal Quality ManagementPerformance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804752 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mehrnaz Behroozi Author-Name-First: Mehrnaz Author-Name-Last: Behroozi Author-Email: mehrnaz_behroozi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: central tehran branch,Islamiz Azad university Author-Name: Mahmood Seyyed Author-Name-First: Mahmood Author-Name-Last: Seyyed Author-Email: Mahmood.seyyed@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: central tehran branch, Islamic Azad University Author-Name: Mohammad Mahdi Moradi Naftchali Author-Name-First: Mohammad Mahdi Author-Name-Last: Moradi Naftchali Author-Email: mm.moradi66@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Islamic Azad University, CHALOOS University Title: The effect of Iran's Architecture on India in Shah Jahan period. (1592-1666) Abstract: Interaction architecture pre-Islamic Persia and India could ages examine. Since the Aryans in the Indian subcontinent to the Achaemenian, Parthian and Sasanian period the withnessed the effects. This relationship and interactions in the Islamic periods also continued because of political and social relationships and spread the scope of the governments said and Indian subcontinent doesn't t stay benefit from the art and architecture of Iran and created effects in India, shows the art and craze of Iranians. Because of the increasing migration of Iranian to India in the Safavid period, and Mughal empire interest in Iranian art were done many of created plan sing in India ,according to Iranian plans and style of architecture was mixture of architecture ingredients in the Indian , Safavid and Timurid period. Iranian architecture ingredient are in format of double-shell dome , arch, muqarnas, mirror ceilings,four garden and using brick and tiles are clear and trangible. Architecture samples like Taj Mahal and Agra red palace show penetration tops and Iranian arts. Study of these effects indicative evolution of Iranian architecture in subcontinent. The author in this research tries to make clear the reflecting the integrative company with the library method and using of documents. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 89-89 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=019&rid=5250 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805250 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Architecture, Indian Subcontinent, Safavid Dynasty, Mughal Empire, Muqarnas . Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Bouwma-Gearhart Author-Name-First: Jana Author-Name-Last: Bouwma-Gearhart Author-Email: jana.bouwma-gearhart@oregonstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Oregon State University Author-Name: Jennifer Collins Author-Name-First: Jennifer Author-Name-Last: Collins Author-Email: colljenn@onid.oregonstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Oregon State University Title: What We Know About Data-Driven Decision Making In Higher Education: Informing Educational Policy and Practice Abstract: In this paper we review the vast literature on data driven decision-making (DDDM) in institutions of higher education (IHEs). Given increasing pressure for IHEs to use data to inform decision-making, it is important to understand what is known about the opportunities and challenges facing DDDM. To contextualize the literature we briefly review the history of DDDM in education settings. We then summarize how scholars have conceptualized and studied DDDM in IHEs in general, and then regarding curriculum and instruction specifically. Our review found that scholars have examined DDDM in regard to institutional functioning and structures (e.g., total quality management, knowledge management, and strategic planning), supporting institutional decision-making (e.g., decision support systems, data mining, and academic analytics), meeting institutional or programmatic accreditation, quality assurance, developing and honing methods for improving data use, analysis, and distribution, facilitating participatory models of decision-making, and curricular and/or instructional improvements. We found curriculum and instruction specific research on course management, learning analytics, curriculum planning, assisting teaching and learning centers, in-class formative assessment, and post-class data use. We discuss implications of our findings in a framework of considerations related to successful DDDM implementation and study, including review of DDDM in K-12 environments in the US and postsecondary education worldwide. Recommendations for successful DDDM include acknowledging and attending to local realities, ensuring salience of data and DDDM processes to key stakeholders, fostering and capitalizing on local data savvy and collaboration among stakeholders towards meaningful objectives, and formalizing and normalizing adequate data collection and management systems and access. Based on these results we recommend that educators, policymakers, and researchers look to the experiences of K-12 educators in the US and European and Australasian IHEs with DDDM movements, focus on linking larger data systems and policies with local needs and practices and locally derived data, engage in more descriptive research on how local actors perceive and utilize data, and focus on linking larger data systems and policies with these local needs and practices. Length: 43 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 90-132 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=020&rid=5154 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805154 Classification-JEL: I20, I21, I23 Keywords: Data-driven decision-making, higher education, literature review Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nicoleta-Elena Buzatu Author-Name-First: Nicoleta-Elena Author-Name-Last: Buzatu Author-Email: nicoleta_buzatu@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Bucharest, Faculty of Law Title: The effects of ethnobotanical drugs on human body Abstract: Etnobotany is a branch of etnobiology which studies the interrelations between man and his environment, including the hallucinogenic effects of plants. Consumption is particularly widespread through adolescents. Even if they are considered to be "light drugs", ethnobotanical plants have disastrous and unpredictable effects and can damage/ affect the body in various ways. These effects are divided into three categories: immediate, chronic and overdose. In the short term, the person who used these products may experience different physical and psychic effects. Etnobotanical consumption is more dangerous than drug usage because the effects these products may have in the long term are not exactly known and therefore the doctors don't know what treatment can be administered. In Romania, according to the law, some of these drugs are prohibited but some producers and distributors sell them under the pretext of their use in agriculture or veterinary medicine. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 133-139 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=021&rid=5337 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805337 Classification-JEL: K14, K39 Keywords: Consumption, drugs, ethnobotanical drugs, forbidden substances, effects Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kadir Canoz Author-Name-First: Kadir Author-Name-Last: Canoz Author-Email: kcanoz@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Author-Name: Omer Bakan Author-Name-First: Omer Author-Name-Last: Bakan Author-Email: obakan@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Author-Name: Ahmet Tarhan Author-Name-First: Ahmet Author-Name-Last: Tarhan Author-Email: tarhan@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Title: THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AMONG THE STUDENTS OF COMMUNICATION FACULTY Abstract: In the current modern societies where mass life is gradually increasing, almost all the communication is executed through mass communication instruments. The traditional instruments such as newspapers, journals, radio, and television and new mass communication instruments such as internet and social media are used for the same purposes. Among them, new communication instruments provide the users opportunities such as being faster than the traditional ones, more advantageous, more entertaining, either individual or mass depending if required and being stored easily. In the conducted studies, however, the results indicating that those new instruments are used by the young generations and the individuals older than a definite age group use it less. This study was conducted to employ the findings related to the mass communication instruments used by the university students and the levels which they use the social media. For this purpose, 438 participants were applied a face-to-face questionnaire. According to the results at the end of the research conducted on the students of Communication Faculty in Selçuk University, majority of university students use the internet and social media most among the mass communication instruments; they spend approximately two hours using those new communication technologies. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 140-151 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=022&rid=4506 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804506 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Communication Faculty, Communication, Mass Communication, Mass Communication Instruments, Social Media Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Güney Çetinkaya Author-Name-First: Güney Author-Name-Last: Çetinkaya Author-Email: gcetinkaya@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Akdeniz University Author-Name: Mustafa Y?ld?z Author-Name-First: Mustafa Author-Name-Last: Y?ld?z Author-Email: mustafayildiz@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Akdeniz University Author-Name: Pelin Çetinkaya Author-Name-First: Pelin Author-Name-Last: Çetinkaya Author-Email: pelincetinkaya07@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Akdeniz University Title: What Hikers Wants? The Perspective of Travel Agents Abstract: Tourism is one of the world?s largest industries and its total contribution to the global economy in 2014 was US$7.6 trillion, which equates to 9.8% of total economy GDP in 2014. Mountains are important regions for tourism industry and its second most popular tourist destinations after coastal regions. Hiking and trekking are most popular activity in mountains region and it is estimated that more than 50 million people visit mountains each year. So that hiking was come out to individual activity and it?s to be a massive event. Nowadays hiking is commercialized and mostly it?s become organized by travel agency and tour operators. Travel agency which is offering hiking activities to know the demands of the individuals involved in these activities and is required to submit to it for services. The aim of this study to determined hiking participant expectation from hiking by travel agency perspective. 34 travel agency officials participated in the study. Data were collected by questionnaire developed by the researchers. Results show that according to travel agency officials ?visual quality? is the most important expectation factor for hikers. And other expectation factors are ?safety?, ?accessibility?, ?existence of pristine local services?, ?the difficulty of the trail?, ?expert guidance service?, ?the popularity of the trail/ well-known?, ?the trail crowdedness?, ?existence of infrastructure and superstructure (WC, water points etc.)?, ?activity costs?, ?presence of guidebook? and ?appropriate climate conditions?. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 152-160 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=023&rid=4947 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804947 Classification-JEL: L83 Keywords: Alternative tourism, hikers, travel agency, expectation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804947 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Thitirut Chanmaha Author-Name-First: Thitirut Author-Name-Last: Chanmaha Author-Email: thitirut@ms.su.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Silpakorn University Title: Awareness and Attitude of SU Phetchaburi Campus Staffs and Students toward CSR Program Abstract: The research "The awareness and attitudes of staffs and students toward the social responsibility activities of Department of Management, Silpakorn University Phetchaburi Campus." aims to study staffs and students? awareness and attitudes toward the social responsibility activities and to initiate the guidance to plan, improve and develop the efficiency of Department of Management in relation to social responsibility activities. This research applied a qualitative research methodology and Empiricism research methodology by collecting 20 in-depth interviews from staffs and students of Silpakorn University Phetchaburi Campus. The result has shown that most of staffs and students have awareness and attitudes toward social responsibility. Half of the populations have experienced the social responsibility activities. Furthermore, most of key informants have awareness towards the Department of Management mission?s which is ?Producing qualified managers with great social responsibility?. Therefore, according to the research, the attitude of staffs and students towards social responsibility activities from Department of Management is a good activity which is responsible for the society and interesting to the public. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 161-166 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=024&rid=5255 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805255 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Awareness, Attitude, Cooperate Social Responsibility (CSR) Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kuan-Ming Chen Author-Name-First: Kuan-Ming Author-Name-Last: Chen Author-Email: kmchen@ntu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University Title: E-Assessment for Learning: An Online Assessment for Science Literacy (OASL) Abstract: In accordance with the modern educational reform, the implementation of educational assessment differs from the past and requires innovative techniques. At individual and teaching levels, an effective assessment should meet both the summative purpose of precise assessment of students? ability and the formative purpose of immediate feedbacks to improve learning and teaching. Through combining the multimedia presentation with interactive interface of information technology, an online assessment platform OASL (https://oasl.herokuapp.com) has been established to help the authentic and effective assessment. The platform consists of item bank database, an interface to establish items, a test management interface, a testing interface to deliver examinees? responses, a scaling system, and a system to generate the reports at individual, class and curriculum levels. Eventually, OASL aims to improve interactive teaching in classroom, beyond the traditional viewpoint of test scoring. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 167-167 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=025&rid=5115 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805115 Classification-JEL: Keywords: online assessment, formative assessment, science education, science literacy, item response theory Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sungho Cho Author-Name-First: Sungho Author-Name-Last: Cho Author-Email: shcho@kistep.re.kr Author-Workplace-Name: KISTEP (Korean Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning) Title: Strategic Government R&D Budget Allocation of Future Growth Engine Sector in Korea Abstract: The goals of R&D Budgeting are to provide the outlays of government R&D budget allocation and adjustment for the strategic investment in government R&D programs, and it is directly followed by establishing the directions and the standards in overall government R&D investments and related budget deliberation.R&D investment follows the policy coordination, in particular. Policy coordination provides guidelines to program coordination. Policy coordination will provide R&D programs with S&T goals and proper budget estimates. It must ensure that the goals are reached through the most efficient ways. Thus, it is important not only to follow the strategy plan and to track the development in reaching the objectives, but also to continuously monitor changes in the R&D environment and eventually to adapt the activities to new circumstances. In other words, the detailed investment strategies in association with S&T policies and technology development status which are subject to global environment changes are investigated. There can be many ways to deal with it. Here, Korea?s case study will be introduced and it has been evolved for finding effective and efficient way to invest at this moment. This paper will cover the concepts of R&D program coordination and budget allocation, their roles in future growth engine in KOREA. First, Korea?s case of establishing government R&D direction and standards will be introduced. It let us to share the main ideas and procedures of S&T policy/technology priority setting. Second, budget allocation in program point of view and detail procedure will be presented. Also, brand new results of Korea?s R&D program coordination and budget allocation will be introduced in practical sense. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 168-176 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=026&rid=5190 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805190 Classification-JEL: O32 Keywords: Budget allocation, Future growth engine, Priority setting, Program coordination, KOREA Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Olga Christopoulou Author-Name-First: Olga Author-Name-Last: Christopoulou Author-Email: ochris@prd.uth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Stavros Sakellariou Author-Name-First: Stavros Author-Name-Last: Sakellariou Author-Email: stasakel@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Stergios Tampekis Author-Name-First: Stergios Author-Name-Last: Tampekis Author-Email: stampeki@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Fani Samara Author-Name-First: Fani Author-Name-Last: Samara Author-Email: fanisamara@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Athanassios Sfougaris Author-Name-First: Athanassios Author-Name-Last: Sfougaris Author-Email: asfoug@agr.uth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Aristotelis - Kosmas Doukas Author-Name-First: Aristotelis - Kosmas Author-Name-Last: Doukas Author-Email: adoucas@for.auth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Author-Name: Dirk Jaeger Author-Name-First: Dirk Author-Name-Last: Jaeger Author-Email: dirk.jaeger@foresteng.uni-freiburg.de Author-Workplace-Name: University of Freiburg Author-Name: Anastasia Stergiadou Author-Name-First: Anastasia Author-Name-Last: Stergiadou Author-Email: nanty@for.auth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Author-Name: Vassilios Giannoulas Author-Name-First: Vassilios Author-Name-Last: Giannoulas Author-Email: vgiannou@for.auth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Title: Protection of soil and water resources in Mediterranean small islands: a Greek case Abstract: The natural environment in Mediterranean and, therefore, small and medium-sized Greek islands, definitively forms their landscape. Elements that make up this landscape are, naturally, the history of each island, the inhabitants activities, the fragility of its natural and built environment, as well as its sensitive ecosystems. Thus, the rational management of natural resources of small-medium sized islands coupled, of course, with appropriate policies that do not depend on the socio-economic structures of the mainland, could be an important factor of self-sufficiency, attractiveness and sustainable development in general.In this study, the island of Samothrace was examined, a 54% mountainous island, with 35.7% forest cover, whose inhabitants are employed mainly in the primary sector (farming, agriculture, fisheries) and in which the secondary sector has shrunk dramatically, while shrinking can also be observed at the tertiary sector.The occupation of large proportion of the residents with livestock, in combination with natural disasters (intense floods, forest fires), has led to significant soil erosion phenomena (soil leaching and dramatic reduction in its productivity) and degradation of existing forests. The mitigation of these phenomena, the protection and rational management of the island?s water resources, including wetlands, are imperative to safeguard the comparative advantage that is its natural environment. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 177-178 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=027&rid=5375 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805375 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Environmental protection, soil and water resources, islands, Greece Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hakki Ciftci Author-Name-First: Hakki Author-Name-Last: Ciftci Author-Email: hciftci@cukurova.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova University Author-Name: Erhan Iscan Author-Name-First: Erhan Author-Name-Last: Iscan Author-Email: eiscan@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova University Author-Name: Duygu Serin Author-Name-First: Duygu Author-Name-Last: Serin Author-Email: duyguserinn@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova University Title: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN INSURANCE SECTOR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: TURKISH CASE* Abstract: The insurance sector has great importance for modern society. Insurance sector is one of the most important financial institutions in the financial system that affects the economic growth with the remarkable assets. Especially since the 1950s, the insurance sector has high growth rates. From the end of the 19th century, effects of the financial institutions on economic growth are studied in-depth in the literature. The results of many studies showed that impact of financial institutions on economic growth is significant. However, the literature on the role of the insurance sector on economic growth in comparison with the role of the banks on economic growth has not been studied very much. The main objective of this study is to investigate the interaction between the Turkish insurance sector and economic growth. In this study, the development of the Turkish insurance sector and influence of insurance sector on economic growth will be studied. Afterwards using the methods of time series analysis, the interaction between the size of the Turkish insurance sector and economic growth will be investigated. Findings from the study will provide us important information about the details of the interaction between insurance sector and economic growth. Basic contribution of this work is to provide useful information about the details of this interaction to policy-makers and agents for effective decision-making. Further analysis of this interaction will emphasize the importance of the insurance sector for economic growth. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 179-184 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=028&rid=5263 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805263 Classification-JEL: C32, G22, O43 Keywords: Insurance, Economic Growth, Insurance Premium, Turkish Insurance Sector Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rui Coimbra Gonçalves Author-Name-First: Rui Author-Name-Last: Coimbra Gonçalves Author-Email: e.ruigoncalves@sapo.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Centre of Classical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Coimbra Title: From Aquinas to the Spanish Second Scholasticism: a survey of political positions as regards the infidels Abstract: All along the scholasticism the theologians faced the problem of atheism among the infidels, that they thought to be found in the Jews and Arabs and later in its infinity of degrees comprised in the bosom of the newly conquered peoples from the overseas, mainly the Americas and the then so-called Eastern Indies.Saint Thomas Aquinas, who only could have notice of his contemporary gentile people from the other monotheistic religions, namely the Jews and Muslims, largely recognised in them natural capacities to reach oneself domination, in order to use speculative sciences, the practical reason and the moral virtues (Summa Theologica). And while discussing the real range comprised in their virtual competences, he could shape these last in a minor work like In omnes beati Pauli Apostoli espistolas commentaria ad Romanos.When we reach the age of the Iberian Second Scholasticism, the struggle to determine how to cope with the aborigines from the new territories of the Discoveries, dictated sometimes severe conclusions. Among them there are those according to which, as for Francisco Suárez in his treatise De Fide, Spe et Charitate, the Church would have legitimacy to employ force through the secular arm delegated in a prince of the Christianity if any native nation refused to be evangelized. Such an idea was partly based on Francisco de Vitoria who, following in his turn the own Aquinas? thought, preached something alike on the same subject in his Relectio de Indis.On contrary, Luis de Molina (De Iustitia et Iure), like Bartolomé de las Casas and Father António Vieira reporting the situation on the lands of Mexico and Brazil, fought clearly for the defence by which the conquered peoples should convert in practical actions their claim to maintain a condition of independence and resistance against any foreign power.However this disputation arose in its complexity some contradictions. Suárez admitted for instance that the same Christian sovereign could be thrown down from his throne by several reasons including some kinds of confessional deviation, like to adopt polytheism as the official religion of the State. In order to prevent this he even admitted to establish alliances with infidel rulers and recover so the former religion professed by the people under the undue rule of a mighty tyrant leader.Here are several outstanding spirits, not all of them fully identifiable with the complex adventure of deal with the diverse other individual one and his atheistic disparities. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 185-194 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=029&rid=5191 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805191 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Saint Thomas Aquinas, Scholasticism, Francisco Suárez Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ERSEN FAZIL COLLU Author-Name-First: ERSEN FAZIL Author-Name-Last: COLLU Author-Email: efcollu@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Author-Name: MEHMET ERHAN SUMMAK Author-Name-First: MEHMET ERHAN Author-Name-Last: SUMMAK Author-Email: summak@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Title: USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS PURPOSES IN TOURISM Abstract: Rapid changes in communication technologies led to important changes in methods and instruments of public relations activities. Institutional communication activities which were carried out by means of web pages of internet media have started gaining importance in the area of social media upon the rise of this phenomenon. Public relations activities such as crisis management, corporate image, and organizational identity, promotion, informing and communicating have been started to be used efficiently in the area of social media. Social media not only changed the areas of communication but also changed the content of messages and the media settings of message senders and receivers. Additionally social media introduced the concepts such as "user generated content" and "customer generated media" and gathered its position in commercial planning by this feature. Social media became an indispensible component of tourism marketing. Traditional communication media have changed significantly upon the introduction and development of social media. Communicating with customers became an easy and low cost process. Creating trademark consciousness, ingathering trademark related groups, determining the target market and the attributes of target market became an easier process by means of social media instruments. It might be said that social media is perceived as a very efficient instrument regarding to the touristic product preferences of people. It provides more reliable information which is produced by the experienced and informed people directly related to the subjects such as tourism agency, destination, accommodation etc. and it provides such information by changing the information gathering methods of users. The rise of social media usage in tourism industry might be associated to the travel related advices made by social media users directly and to the efficient operation of mouth to mouth communication. Use of social media in tourism industry for the purposes of public relations is probed from various perspectives and some applications are to be presented in this study. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 195-195 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=030&rid=5221 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805221 Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: Tourism, social media, public relations. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zsófia Csiszár Author-Name-First: Zsófia Author-Name-Last: Csiszár Author-Email: csiszar.zsofia@mnsk.nyme.hu Author-Workplace-Name: University of West Hungary - Savaria Campus Title: Interpretation of Pleasure Time Abstract: In recent times museums ? with their unique and special world, functioned as a kind of learning scene - play central roal in formal education. Museums open and change more and more with the aim to receive a wider scale of visitors. Discovering learning lays stress upon the active and information-searching self of children and students. Contemporary pedagogy puts the active learning with objects and interactivity into the centre of the learning process. Children are more sensitive to receive new knowledge in such an environment that gives the experience through direct, practical activity and training. Museumpedagogy is a tendency in pedagogy that helps even small kids to be sensitive to previous times by showing their collections based on acquiring knowldege and also with the help of infrastructural opportunities. In my lecture I would like to search and show some possibilities that are hidden in museumpedagogy and are capable to widen educational work. I am going to show all this through the museumpadagogical supply of Savaria City Museum. I am also going to reveal the connection-system within Szombathely, through which experience, knowledge and a special athmosphere gets to kids and families. Finally I am going to deal with museumandragogy as well. Basing museumandragogy on museumpedagogy is significant. My research focuses on the programmes of Savaria City Museum, on its relationship with the educational institutions of the city and on the museum?s efforts to form adults? personality. The following institutions and people took part in the research: the teachers and pupils of Zrínyi Ilona Primary School, the educators of Aréna and Donászy Magda Kindergarden (questionarre) and the educators of the museum (interview).I draw up my statements about the possibilities of delivering knowledge not only in institutional frames by valuing their opinions and by taking my own experiences into consideration. One of my students helped me to prepare the research and agreed to publish it. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 196-204 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=031&rid=5237 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2905237 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: education, life long learning, interpretation, interactivity, museumpedagogy, contemporary pedagogy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2905237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dorina Çumani Author-Name-First: Dorina Author-Name-Last: Çumani Author-Email: dorinacumani@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana Title: Measuring the impact of competitiveness (GCI-global competitiveness index) on trade flows of Albania Abstract: Literature and the latest studies have enlarged their focus in the aspect of the factors that affect the economical competitiveness of a state. They have shown that the competitiveness among states doesn?t depend only in the basic factors of production, but also on other social factors; public institutions such as: infrastructure; health; efficiency factors such as: efficiency in the market of goods, commercial flow or the labor market; Higher education or specialized training; innovation, etc. The main purpose of this research paper is to analyze the bilateral trade flows among Albania and 35 other countries regarding the import-export statistics and also based in the ? Gravity Model?. The classical part of ?Gravity Model? is to study the impact of the size of the economy, local and foreign, distance between particular places, etc. Another strong point of this research paper is the study of the influence of competitiveness (GCI-Global Competitiveness Index) in the commercial flows of Albania. In this research we will be able to give an answer to the question: ?What is the information that the global competitiveness index gives to us regarding the performance of Albania in the foreign trade environment?. The data that was included in the study belong to the period from 2005-2012, in the form of annual time series. For the selection of the variables in the model, i relied on the traditional theory, where the exports are affected from the country?s size, distance, exchange rates and the last year?s theories for the evaluation of competitiveness factors in the variable?s complexity that constitute on the GCI index. Other questions that arise are: Why all these elements mentioned above are important to increase competitiveness? What are the factors that affect competitiveness? How much do they affect on Albanians trade flows? Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 205-205 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=032&rid=5186 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805186 Classification-JEL: Keywords: GCI-global competitiveness index, exports, imports, the ?Gravity Model?, trade. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Teresa De Fazio Author-Name-First: Teresa Author-Name-Last: De Fazio Author-Email: Teresa.defazio@vu.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Victoria University Title: Teacher education for global citizenship: A case study of foreign language teachers preparing our young learners for new brave, new globalised world. Abstract: From a socio-cultural perspective, language teachers take up the responsibility of mediating and supporting a student?s language learning by designing a curriculum which goes further than just teaching the linguistic elements of a language. When language teachers draw on culture and interculturality, language becomes an instrument whilst social interaction becomes a significant driver for meaningful communication. Australia is one of the most culturally diverse nations in the world. 23% of the population is overseas born and 25% of the Australian born has at least one or both parents born overseas. Across the total Australian school population, about 25% of all students are of a language background other than English. In short, Australian classrooms have a linguistic and cultural richness which brings a unique vibrancy to the classroom. However, schools are also aware of the unique position they are in understanding and engaging young learners in mainstream society. This paper proposes that language teachers are in a unique yet often, undervalued position of being multicultural educators as well as language educators. Further, that language teachers are often powerful mediators of a student?s entry into global citizenship. This paper reports on a case study of a pilot program where primary school teachers (elementary level) of various languages took up the challenge of addressing issues of multicultural awareness, global citizenship and interculturality through the development of communicative competence in the target language. It looks at how these teachers drew on strategies that connect culture and language in a way that moves the student towards cognitive, social and personal development whilst learning the language. The case study provides insights into a model and considerations that might be used in professional learning and teacher education courses to help students negotiate their own lived experience and entry to what is often a new linguistic and socio-cultural context for students. The case study demonstrates that teacher education has a particular role to play in preparing teachers to establishing a classroom culture of respect and cultural curiosity via subtle but considered themes around interculturality and citizenship. Moreover, that the languages teacher plays a strong role in facilitating a student?s sense of these concepts and engagement in an increasing multicultural society. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 206-206 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=033&rid=4994 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804994 Classification-JEL: F01, A00 Keywords: teacher education, socio-cultural theory, globalisation, multiculturalism, intercultural education, languages, citizenship, distributed leadership model Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804994 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Teresa De Fazio Author-Name-First: Teresa Author-Name-Last: De Fazio Author-Email: Teresa.defazio@vu.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Victoria University Title: Academic apprenticeship: Developing novice academic teaching and research skills through a focussed mentoring program Abstract: Novice academics often transition into the world of academia via PhD or doctoral studies. During their studies, PhD students are often charged with casual teaching responsibilities as part of their ?apprenticeship?. Duties often include assessing student work and providing feedback through tutorials and assessment tasks. Whilst undertaking teaching duties they are also attempting to develop their own research skills repertoire, often struggling with developing the requisite academic literacies required by such high level studies. Thus, these novice academics and researchers, face considerable challenges in their dual roles and support for these academics can be sporadic or even inexistent in terms of professional development. Research findings demonstrate that the marginalisation of casual novice teachers from professional conversations and professional development activities adversely affects universities in three ways: limiting the potential for quality teaching; impacting student satisfaction negatively; and, reducing staff retention of promising academics.This paper reports on a case study of a professional learning initiative delivered through a mentoring framework that was established at an Australian university. The initiative is called the Learning through teaching program (LTTP). This paper will report on how the LTTP sought to provide an intervention that brought together PhD students as mentees, and experts from across the university as mentors. The focus was to enter into discourse on learning and teaching with the aim of fostering teaching and research competence. Further, the case study reports on how explicit unpacking of academic and intercultural writing literacies through a series of targeted discussions around the themes of assessment and feedback supported the mentees, as both novice teachers and ?apprentice? researchers, in gaining deeper level understandings of these complex, critical aspects that were core to their dual roles. The case study provides a consideration of another rather unexpected outcome, the positive impact of the mentoring framework itself and how this can be used as a professional development approach to foster understandings, skill development and engagement of, as was discovered, all participants. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 207-207 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=034&rid=5010 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805010 Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: academic literacies, intercultural literacies, casual teachers, academic dialogue, assessment, feedback, mentoring, professional development, PhD students, novice academics Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: METIN DEMIR Author-Name-First: METIN Author-Name-Last: DEMIR Author-Email: metin@atauni.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Atatürk University Author-Name: MEHMET GUVEN Author-Name-First: MEHMET Author-Name-Last: GUVEN Author-Email: mehmetguven25@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Aegean Forestry Research Institute, Forest Ecology and Soil Department Title: In the Context of Energy Policy on Turkey; Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP) Abstract: The way to become a powerful state in today?s world passes through having a robust economy and using of underground-overground resources efficient. In parallel with rapid population growth, urbanization and socio-economic development, need for electric energy of Turkey increases rapidly. Increasing of electricity need causes the growing importance of Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP) in terms of being renewable and cheap.In the study, impacts of Hydroelectric power plants, which are brought state policy into overcoming energy deficit in Turkey, on flora and fauna,socio-economic structure and climate have been discussed. In addition, following the legal operation process of HPP, hydroelectric energy policy in Turkey has been examined HPP in private Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 208-220 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=035&rid=4824 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804824 Classification-JEL: Q25 Keywords: Energy policy, Renewable energy, Hydroelectric power plant (HPP), Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804824 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aishwarya Diwan Author-Name-First: Aishwarya Author-Name-Last: Diwan Author-Email: aishwaryadiwan19@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Hidayatullah National Law University Author-Name: Rajnandini Shukla Author-Name-First: Rajnandini Author-Name-Last: Shukla Author-Email: shuklarajnandini@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Hidayatullah National Law University Author-Name: Aishwarya Diwan Author-Name-First: Aishwarya Author-Name-Last: Diwan Author-Email: aishwarya_diwan@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Hidayatullah National law University Title: Education to bridge Socio-Economic Gap: in the context of Naxalism in India Abstract: Education and learning is one of the most important aspects in any society. Being indispensable and cohering, society and education cannot be ever separated into two distinct entities. India, having one of the fastest growing economies in the world, and being the most populous democratic country has a great potential to become a future superpower. However, in this increasingly globalised environment, India faces several threats to her security, and the question is whether the greatest security threat is external (i.e. terrorism) or internal ? naxalism - the Maoist communist groups in India. Naxalism which originated as a rebellion against marginalized poor forest dwellers and gradually against the lack of development and poverty in the rural parts of eastern Indian, today have declared themselves a terrorist organization engaged in unlawful activities with a goal to destroy government functionaries. These groups use local illiterate villagers- who are eager to escape the system of oppression- to strengthen their hold and exploit the gap between government and local villagers. This gap apart from highlighting various underlying weaknesses of India?s governance, political institutions and socio-economic structure, also makes India vulnerable to external threats and the solution which the present paper focuses on is ? providing education. The present paper talks about importance of developing education as an instrument for the eradication of Naxalism and to position it as a major engine of economic growth, poverty elimination, job creation and eliminating extremists. The Government looks into the issue as the issue of law and order however, the root cause is neglected by them ?socio-economic disparity and illiteracy. The paper, as a solution in this regards also put the steps which the law making body should follow to curb this problem. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 221-235 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=036&rid=4979 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804979 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Education; Social Disparity; Economic disparity, India, Maoist communist group Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kamil Dobe? Author-Name-First: Kamil Author-Name-Last: Dobe? Author-Email: dobes@fame.utb.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Tomas Bata University in Zlín Author-Name: Zuzana Virglerová Author-Name-First: Zuzana Author-Name-Last: Virglerová Author-Email: virglerova@fame.utb.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Tomas Bata University in Zlín Title: An Analysis of SME's Attitudes to the Business Environment in the Czech Republic Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyse the business environment for SMEs in the Czech Republic and the impact of selected factors on the attitude of the business environment of surveyed entrepreneurs. The results from the research conducted at Tomas Bata University in Zlín in 2015 were used. The research involved a survey of the business environment in the Czech Republic. This article uses the questions regarding the attitude to the business environment in terms of company size and sector in which the firms are located. It was found that the business environment is relatively consistent in most of the aspects in terms of company size. In terms of each sector of the economy already showed significant differences. Especially in evaluating the state's role in creating a favourable business environment can be found significantly different attitudes across different sectors. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 236-247 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=037&rid=5178 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805178 Classification-JEL: G21, L26, M21 Keywords: business environment, small and medium-sized enterprises, research Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Dokukina Author-Name-First: Anna Author-Name-Last: Dokukina Author-Email: Dokukina.AA@rea.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Title: Creating Strategic Focus in Modern Business: E-Company Entering the Market. Abstract: Cognitive business philosophy related to the information analysis, marketing research, consumer needs assessment, etc. becomes the key tendency of the organizations? successful development. Among other industries e-commerce business considers digital marketing strategies as must-have for day-to-day activity as well as for the sustainable innovation growth.This paper describes main results of consulting project which includes a research connected with the company?s strategic focus development on the basis of digital marketing. The key idea is to prove the necessity of digital marketing development as an integral part of the organization?s general strategic planning. A hypothesis was formulated as follows: if a company considers the digital marketing strategically it creates an effective system to manage both internal and external factors of business environment.The practical goal of the project was to create the digital marketing strategy for e-commerce in order to develop its general strategic focus.As an object of research the e-company YYRRAA Ltd. is described. This is a new production-friendly small-scale organization which deals with different tools and solutions to simplify the wholesale trading and enable B2B-sector entrepreneurs to expand commercial opportunities.The main result of this project consists in the development of digital marketing strategy on the basis of SOSTAC model and the presentation of action plans for each step to ensure that the tactics is executed to the highest possible standards.The logics behind this project can be described in the following way. First, models, levels and approaches to strategic planning were clarified. It was necessary to examine factors of business environment which are the most influential to shape modern strategies of market players in e-business spheres. Second, the steps of strategic marketing plan were considered along with the frameworks of digital strategic planning and its tools. Third, the company?s current business strategy was analyzed in order to provide recommendations concerning the improvement of overall planning system on the basis of digital marketing strategy.As a conceptual and information background the publications of such authors as J.M. Bryson, F Martinelli, L.T. Hosmer and others as well as internal and external OORRAA.COM resources (that do not include NDA materials) have been used.The aim of this paper is to discuss the most essential bottom line of the consulting project. So, the material is focused on specifics of e-business strategic plan, digital marketing planning model including marketing tools and techniques for e-marketplaces, and main points of marketing strategy development for OORRAA.COM company. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 248-248 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=038&rid=3962 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803962 Classification-JEL: O10, M00, O32 Keywords: Business environment, economic development, e-business, strategic focus, management decisions Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803962 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Giulia Dondoli Author-Name-First: Giulia Author-Name-Last: Dondoli Author-Email: gd27@students.waikato.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Waikato - Faculty of Law Title: Orlandi and others v Italy: Same Sex Marriage in Italy, a Problem of Private International Law Abstract: The paper studies the case of the Italian non-recognition of same sex marriages contracted abroad. Many Italian same sex couples marry in countries where that is allowed; then, they apply to have their status recognised in Italy; but because there is no law regulating same sex relationships, their applications are often rejected. The paper studies a pending recourse before the European Court of Human Rights ? Orlandi and others v Italy ? in highlighting Italian private and international law provisions. To facilitate the analysis, the paper compares the Orlandi case with Oliari and A, and Felicetti and others v Italy, and studies the third party communications submitted by a number on nongovernmental organisations. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 249-264 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=039&rid=4363 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804363 Classification-JEL: K33 Keywords: Marriage equality, LGB rights, Italy, Private International Law, NGOs. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Catherine N Dulmus Author-Name-First: Catherine N Author-Name-Last: Dulmus Author-Email: cdulmus@buffalo.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University at Buffalo Author-Name: Maria Cristalli Author-Name-First: Maria Author-Name-Last: Cristalli Author-Email: mcristal@hillside.com Author-Workplace-Name: Hillside Family of Agencies Title: Advancing research through a university-community partnership Abstract: Human service organizations are uniquely positioned given their scope of practice and access to consumers with the widest range of needs to significantly increase the national capacity for research if they were effectively equipped with the knowledge, skills and funding to integrate research and development into their on-going organizational activities. A university-community research partnership is one approach to achieving this goal. This presentation describes the Hillside/University at Buffalo (HUB) Research Model, a formal research partnership between Hillside Family of Agencies (HFA) in Rochester, NY and the Buffalo Center for Social Research (BCSR) at the University at Buffalo. The HUB Research Model combines the practice expertise and research subject access of HFA with the BCSR research expertise and resources to develop collaboratively a vibrant research partnership based on community-based participatory research principles that garners the strengths and assets of both partners to realize a true research to practice and practice to research agenda. The HUB Research Model is based on CBPR principles that hold much promise for decreasing the 17-year delay between development of new knowledge and the availability of that knowledge at the practice setting. When researchers and practitioners form a research partnership whereby each are contributing members in the development of research questions, methodological design, data collection and analysis, as well as dissemination of findings everyone benefits in a variety of ways. Subsequently, when you train MSW and doctoral students within the HUB Research Model a new generation of practitioners and scholars are developed with knowledge of CBPR and an understanding and value of community-based research. Potential benefits abound for clients, agencies, universities and students alike. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 265-265 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=040&rid=3494 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803494 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Research partnerships, University-community partnerships, CBPR Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Erkut Duzakin Author-Name-First: Erkut Author-Name-Last: Duzakin Author-Email: eduzakin@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova University Author-Name: Berna Bulgurcu Author-Name-First: Berna Author-Name-Last: Bulgurcu Author-Email: bkiran@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Cukurova University Title: Investment Destination Decision by Using the VIKOR Method in the European Union Countries Abstract: This study examines the problem to select the most appealing investment destination among the EU countries for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows after the financial crisis in 2008. From the outbreak of the crisis to the recovery period, the need for companies to increase profits brings about the demand for market expansion and cheap resources.At this point, FDI as an important element of economic development in a global world requires deeper investigation. In this analysis, its indicators such as macroeconomic conditions, shares of markets in GDP and its growth rate, conditions of labour, natural and capital resources, availability of infrastructure and allocated time for doing business provide a general evaluation about all investment destinations in the EU. However, this general evaluation case is a question of a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) algorithm is used in order to increase the reliability of evaluation. For, most crucially, unlike other multi-criteria decision making methods, the VIKOR method calculates the acceptable advantage and the acceptable stability of the countries under all the criteria after proposing a compromising solution.This study intends to introduce VIKOR as a newly developed multi-criteria decision-making method by using FDI indicators for ranking suitable investment destinations and reaching the best one for a four-year time period between 2010 - 2013. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 266-266 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=041&rid=4590 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804590 Classification-JEL: M10, D70 Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, VIKOR, European Union Countries Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Shahira Elshafie Author-Name-First: Shahira Author-Name-Last: Elshafie Author-Email: dr.elshafie@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: FAyoum University Title: Reform Strategies of Medical Education in Egypt Abstract: ? The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges facing medical education system in Egypt particularly in the area of education quality. It builds upon several existing studies conducted in Egypt to make the case for improving education outcomes.Design/methodology/approach? Samples were drawn from existing studies conducted in Egypt by experts in the education field.Findings? Results suggest that there is a chance for improvement of the quality of medical education in Egypt with subsequent potential increase of graduates employability and direct impact on national and global healthcare. Conclusion? Strategies of reform are suggested including academic network, curriculum comparative studies, joint degrees and internationalization. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 267-267 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=042&rid=5156 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805156 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Education, Medical, Internationalization, Egypt Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Victoria Encica Author-Name-First: Victoria Author-Name-Last: Encica Author-Email: victoriaenc2012@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Bucharest, Romania Title: Women and Autobiography Abstract: Based on the idea that autobiography (in any form we find it: literary texts, reality-shows, press articles, forums, social networks) is increasingly more attractive to the people all around the world in these latter days, this study tries to demonstrate that there is a special connection between the economic, cultural and intelligence level of a country and its citizens ability to speak in their own names, using the autobiographical expression. More than that it seems that there are some groups, especially women, which prefers the subjective speech for expressing themselves in public. Not only in the Eastern Europe, but all across the continent, there is a special interest into autobiography and intimacy speeches nowadays. Women, less prudish by nature, are finally finding the best way to speak about themselves to the world. The paper will focus on the sphere of literature, but the conclusions it applies to other fields too. Also, this paper intend to present the differences between the autobiography practiced today and the autobiography used by the 20th century writers. Starting from the hypothesis of Ortega y Gasset, who speaks about the intimacy with oneself and about the intimacy with others, we connect the intimacy with the autobiographical discourse because writing at first person is the more appropriate and adequate way to speak about the intus and to show some parts of the hidden dimensions of the self/ego. The people from around the world has different ways to do this. In the second part of this paper, we discuss two interesting theories of some British and Romanian theorists, who says that before 1991 (when the iron curtain falls) a lot of the literatures of the world witnessed the pure autobiographical discourse and after that date it has been seduced by autofiction. Despite these ideas, we believe in an époque of bildungsroman autobiography, specific tot the 19th and 20th centuries, and in an era ? which is the contemporary era ? characterized by an mock-autobiography. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 268-273 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=043&rid=5363 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805363 Classification-JEL: Z11, Z00 Keywords: autobiography, contemporary literature, mock-autobiography, intimacy discourse. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hülya E?K? U?UZ Author-Name-First: Hülya Author-Name-Last: E?K? U?UZ Author-Email: hulyaeski@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Author-Name: Rukiye SAYGILI Author-Name-First: Rukiye Author-Name-Last: SAYGILI Author-Email: rsayg?l?@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Title: Symbols in the Formation of National Identity: Evaluation on Turkey in the Early Republican Period Abstract: This study is on the formation of the Turkish national identity throughout the historical process defined as the Early Republican Period and function of the symbols in this formation process. In this study Early Republican Period is used to define the time slice between the years 1923 and 1938 in Turkey. Distinguishing feature of the period in question is redefinition of the state and society. In this redefinition process, symbols such as religion, Ottoman, sultan, flag, Islamic ummah, cult, madrasah, Quran, sharia, rayah, imamah, which are the elements of the symbol repertoire of the Ottoman society and constitute a meaningful whole, are replaced with Republic, nation, civilization, homeland, flag, Turk, hat, citizen, school. In line with the nationalization, civilizing and secularization principles, Republican discourse tried to reform both the symbols, which are the content of the cultural behavior, and the context, in which these symbols are formed and given meaning. In Turkish literature, opposition of the Kemalist nation formation process to the Islam and its symbols is frequently stated. In this study, it will be argued that Islam has played a key role in the formation of the Turkish national identity contrary to the general opinion and that flag and national anthem of the nation state are nourished by the Islamic references. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 274-274 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=044&rid=5083 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805083 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Symbols, National Identity, Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805083 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hülya E?K? U?UZ Author-Name-First: Hülya Author-Name-Last: E?K? U?UZ Author-Email: hulyaeski@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Author-Name: Rukiye SAYGILI Author-Name-First: Rukiye Author-Name-Last: SAYGILI Author-Email: rsaygili@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Title: Symbols in the Formation of National Identity: Evaluation on Turkey in the Early Republican Period Abstract: This study is on the formation of the Turkish national identity throughout the historical process defined as the Early Republican Period and function of the symbols in this formation process. In this study Early Republican Period is used to define the time slice between the years 1923 and 1938 in Turkey. Distinguishing feature of the period in question is redefinition of the state and society. In this redefinition process, symbols such as religion, Ottoman, sultan, flag, Islamic ummah, cult, madrasah, Quran, sharia, rayah, imamah, which are the elements of the symbol repertoire of the Ottoman society and constitute a meaningful whole, are replaced with Republic, nation, civilization, homeland, flag, Turk, hat, citizen, school. In line with the nationalization, civilizing and secularization principles, Republican discourse tried to reform both the symbols, which are the content of the cultural behavior, and the context, in which these symbols are formed and given meaning. In Turkish literature, opposition of the Kemalist nation formation process to the Islam and its symbols is frequently stated. In this study, it will be argued that Islam has played a key role in the formation of the Turkish national identity contrary to the general opinion and that flag and national anthem of the nation state are nourished by the Islamic references. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 275-280 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=045&rid=5405 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805405 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Symbols, Nation Building, Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra Fabijani? Gagro Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Fabijani? Gagro Author-Email: sandra.fabijanic.gagro@pravri.hr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law Title: Determination of genocide in the case-law of the International Court of Justice Abstract: Genocide is one of the most serious crimes, recognized in 1948 by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. It is an act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. Genocide consists five basic acts of violence: a) killing members of the group; b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group and e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. There are several cases where the individuals were held responsible for the crime of genocide and punished before international criminal courts (e.g. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda). Beside the question of individual responsibility, 1948 Genocide Convention also contains a provision with regard to the responsibility of the state for the crime itself, and prescribe that disputes between states relating to the interpretation, application or fulfilment of the Genocide Convention, including those relating to the responsibility of a state for genocide or for any of the other acts previously enumerated, shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). There were two cases submitted so far and two Judgments delivered on this issue: first one in 2007 (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro); the second one in 2015 (Croatia v. Serbia). The essential element that ?heave? genocide beyond other ?ordinary? international crimes is an intention to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. The case-law of international courts indicates the problem of evidence of such genocidal intention. In accordance to the Dissenting opinion of Judge A.A. Cançado Trindade to the 2015 ICJ Judgment (Croatia v. Serbia), the International Court of Justice has pursued and insisted upon pursuing too high a standard of proof for the determination of the occurrence of genocide or complicity in genocide. Undoubtedly Genocide Convention is meant to prevent and punish the crime of genocide, as a mean of liberating humankind from that scourge. But, if the threshold is indeed imposed too high ? may the application of the Convention become too difficult task to achieve? Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 281-281 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=046&rid=4156 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804156 Classification-JEL: K33 Keywords: genocide, International court of Justice (ICJ), case-law Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: FARIBA FATTAHZADEH Author-Name-First: FARIBA Author-Name-Last: FATTAHZADEH Author-Email: ffattahzadeh@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran Title: Elearning Creativity evaluation methods in organizations Abstract: Today, the amount of information that education should produce,review, archive, processing and sharing is large. So how to manage thisinformation and evaluate this type of information to learn a subject isimportant. Combination of education, networking and web lead to newways of organizing education system has been web-based learningManagement System has. This method is able to surround any time andany place easily materials based on predefined options, access orparticipate in virtual classroom, so training organizations and commercialorganizations, are using e-learning their students and employees. ManyE-learning organizations use variety of indicators to assess the course andmeasures. Provide a model or method of assessment to be able to displayonline can be very useful, indicators of educational organizations isemphasized creativity in this research is to be paid. Business intelligencetools and dashboards to display performance indicators are used. Inaddition to this research study used indicators of organizationalperformance assessment, and provide a comprehensive model ofbalanced score card for virtual learning, the tools available as standard invirtual courses offered are studied and compared, and also placed aSample training evaluation using existing tools as organizationaldashboard is provided. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 282-282 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=047&rid=4953 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804953 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Keywords:, E-learning, LearningManagement System, Key Performance Indicator, Creativity. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804953 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Foster Author-Name-First: Thomas Author-Name-Last: Foster Author-Email: tfoster4@depaul.edu Author-Workplace-Name: DePaul University Title: Sex and Enslaved Manhood Abstract: This paper focuses on the sexual abuse and exploitation of enslaved men in America. I am in the process of expanding into a book my published article, "Sexual Abuse of Black Men Under American Slavery," (Journal of the History of Sexuality). This paper will specifically focus on the issues of ideals of consent and choice as well as examples of force and coercion with regard to cross-status relationships (primarily between white women and enslaved men) as well as interactions between men. The primary sources for this paper include the WPA slave narratives as well as court records, and manuscript and published sources and accounts. Studying the sexual exploitation of enslaved men, contributes to the scholarship on gender and sexuality in early America, to our understanding of slavery and slave life, to literature on black masculinity, and also to literature examining historicisation of rape. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 283-283 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=048&rid=3382 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803382 Classification-JEL: Y90 Keywords: slavery, sexuality, sex, masculinity, gender, U.S history Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Beniamin Frunjyan Author-Name-First: Beniamin Author-Name-Last: Frunjyan Author-Email: bfrunjyan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Yerevan State University Title: THE WAYS OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF DECISION MAKING IN ARMENIAN COMPANIES Abstract: As we all know decision making is the mental process of choosing from a set of alternatives. Every decision-making process produces an outcome that might be an action, recommendation, or an opinion. In the evolution process of management many top organizations in the world use their own and well known approaches to the process of decision making. In the past decade management approaches on decision making changed and vary from organization to organization and the need of making them more efficient decisions become the central problem in this area. Economic growth, emerging markets, competitiveness forces companies to find better solution to the problems. And the first step in this huge mass of work is to gather appropriate data analyze it and sort from it information which will appropriate, useful, cost effective, relevant and timely. That's why the need of computer softwares and systems which will assist top management in decision-making process becomes high. Decision Support System is one of the most popular and familiar with companies all over the world, and the use of which will help most of companies in Armenia to increase the efficiency of the decision that they made. As a result they will generate higher rates of revenues and profits, they will make a cost effective approach and control. Decision support systems are interactive, computer-based systems that aid users in judgment and choice activities. They provide data storage and retrieval but enhance the traditional information access and retrieval functions with support for model building and model-based reasoning. They support framing, modeling, and problem solving. Decision support systems are typically used for strategic and tactical decisions faced by upper-level management?decisions with a reasonably low frequency and high potential consequences?in which the time taken for thinking through and modeling the problem pays off generously in the long run. So research shows that we should conclude that decision support systems integration in the Armenia companies is the number one solution to the increase of their own benefit and success, which will respectively increase business activity in Armenian market which will cause stable economic growth in the country. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 284-291 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=049&rid=3647 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803647 Classification-JEL: M00, M00 Keywords: Decision Support System, Efficiency, Management, Emerging Markets Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Saleh Ghavidel Author-Name-First: Saleh Author-Name-Last: Ghavidel Author-Email: salleh_mogh@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Author-Name: MAHMOUD MAHMOUDZADEH Author-Name-First: MAHMOUD Author-Name-Last: MAHMOUDZADEH Author-Email: MAHMOD.MA@YAHOO.COM Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Author-Name: MIR HOSEIN MOUSAVI Author-Name-First: MIR HOSEIN Author-Name-Last: MOUSAVI Author-Email: HMOUSAVI_ATU@YAHOO.COM Author-Workplace-Name: ALZAHRA UNIVERSITY Author-Name: ELHAM BERIMANI Author-Name-First: ELHAM Author-Name-Last: BERIMANI Author-Email: ELHAM_1362_B@YAHOO.COM Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Title: Capital Stock Simulation by Hartwick Rule in Iran Abstract: Fully reinvest of natural resource rents in foreign assets or productive capital such as buildings, roads, machines, human capital or health so-called Hartwick rule. The aim of this paper is to estimate the capital stock in Iran by Hartwick Rule. In other word we estimate PIM method and Hartwick rule for calculate capital stock. The result show that estimated capital stock by Hartwick rule is more than PIM method. Therefore, in Iranian economy, Hartwick rule is not applied because part of natural resource income consumed and genuine saving is negative. If the Hartwick rule would have been followed during the last few decades, Iranian economy would have been much less dependent on oil and other resources. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 292-297 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=050&rid=4577 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804577 Classification-JEL: Q26, N50, O13 Keywords: Hartwick rule, Natural resource, PIM method, Genuine saving Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Serge Gijrath Author-Name-First: Serge Author-Name-Last: Gijrath Author-Email: s.j.h.gijrath@law.leidenuniv.nl Author-Workplace-Name: Universiteit Leiden Title: Towards smarter regulation of innovation? Abstract: The paper assesses the scope of current regulation in the electronic communications sector in a period of rapid technological changes. It explores the network operator?s dilemma how to deal with investments in innovation in a time where fundamental innovation comes from outside; and the regulator?s dilemma how to improve the conditions for access to financial resources for research and innovation. The contention is to look whether different regulatory tools, such as proactively enhancing interoperability levels, subsidies and standardization measures could complement or supplement existing measures to safeguard competition. In terms of interoperability, two cases are discussed: IP connectivity and broadband access. The focus will be on measures proposed by the Commission in 2015 for the achievement of the Digital Single Market: what is the right track: does yardstick regulation imposing price-caps still work. The road to achieving more incentive regulation appears to be bumpy as well and reorganizing the level playing field does not appear to be a viable regulatory option. Some thought is given to how infrastructure sharing and other long-term contracts could form an alternative for regulation. A mix of regulation is proposed to move towards smarter electronic communications networks. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 298-298 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=051&rid=4775 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804775 Classification-JEL: K00, K23, K33 Keywords: Interoperability, innovation; standardization; connected continent; IP connectivity; broadband access; incentive regulation; deregulation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804775 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tadas Gudaitis Author-Name-First: Tadas Author-Name-Last: Gudaitis Author-Email: tadas.gudaitis@ef.vu.lt Author-Workplace-Name: Vilnius University Author-Name: Evelina Zigmantavi?i?t? Author-Name-First: Evelina Author-Name-Last: Zigmantavi?i?t? Author-Email: evelinazig@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Vilniaus Gedimino technkos universitetas Title: Personal finance management of young households in Lithuania Abstract: The aim of the paper is to define the main concepts of personal finance management and financial literacy using comparable analysis of scientific literature, to investigate the level of financial literacy and personal finance management skills of young (20-30 age group) Lithuanians and compare the results with other countries` experience. Survey results shows, that despite good understanding on compound interest and inflation effects lack of financial literacy knowledge exists, especially in the understanding of risk diversification principles. Moreover a correlation between education and budget planning was observed. Young adults (age group) with financial education are planning their budget (51%) more than adults with other field education (42%). Finally, just 35% of young (20-25 age group) Lithuanians are planning their budget. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 299-299 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=052&rid=4907 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804907 Classification-JEL: D10, D14, G02 Keywords: Personal finance management, Financial literacy, Budget planning. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804907 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sertaç Güngör Author-Name-First: Sertaç Author-Name-Last: Güngör Author-Email: sertac@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Title: The Study On Determination Of Recreational Tendency And Demands Of Personnel At E?irdir Horticultural Research Institute Abstract: In this study the thought dealing with their spare time, their personal characteristics effecting their recreational activity choices, recreational activities they mostly prefer to participate in, participation duration, and frequency of public employees in charge of the Directorate of Horticultural Research Institute of E?irdir have been analyzed. The questionnaires to set down the recreational tendency and demands of public employees have been applied for 112 members and the site survey method was used.The problems which were identified on the recreation areas; lack of infrastructure, environmental pollution, squalidity, and the lack of environmental regulation. These problems can be solved by pioneering of local governments and non-governmental organizations, attaching importance to advertising and promotional activities, the restoration of the existing touristic and cultural values. It has been observed that the employees have enough spare time during the day and at the weekends were aware of the fact that the recreational activities would be usefull for themselves. In this sense, the employees demmand the organizations as picnic, technical or touristic excursions, dinner parties or movie days which can be described as a well-attended social activities and which would be actualized periodically and regularly.The employees of the institute believe that all these activities would be increase the business efficiency and work performance, besides the cooperation and compromising among the staff would be provided, and as a conclusion not only the staff but also the institution would gain advantage.From this point it is recommended that some events and organizations will be arranged by the institution and information unit will be employed for recreational activities. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 300-310 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=053&rid=4615 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804615 Classification-JEL: R11, Q50, Z10 Keywords: Recreation, Spare Time, Tendency and Demand, E?irdir Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SANEM Guvenc-Salgirli Author-Name-First: SANEM Author-Name-Last: Guvenc-Salgirli Author-Email: sanemguvenc@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Marmara University Author-Name: BAHAR Aykan Author-Name-First: BAHAR Author-Name-Last: Aykan Author-Email: aykanbahar@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Marmara University Title: Defining Public Benefit and Regulating Security through State-Induced Public Spots in Contemporary Turkey Abstract: The second decade of the 2000s Turkey saw the emergence and sudden boost of public spots as a new communication material. These are forty-five seconds long clips that are prepared by the Ministries as well as NGOs and repeatedly aired on the advertising slots of national TV channels. Their pronounced aim is the pursuit of public benefit, directed towards ?raising consciousness and awareness in public? on quite a wide range of topics such as social solidarity, occupational accidents, health, food and environment. This presentation focuses on the ministry-produced public spots. Analyzing their content instead of their format and drawing on nineteen interviews conducted in 2014 with state officials involved in their preparation, we will question the very notion of public benefit and discuss how and why the public spot became a conventional medium to promote it. Our argument rests primarily on the observation that these spots of varying topics are linked through a generalized notion of security: issues concerning food, workplace, traffic, crime, and family are all problematized with the aim of regulating public safety through individual self-governance. As such, we discuss public spots as part of a neoliberal security regime induced by the state, a regime that gradually reassigns the problem of security upon the individual and advances public benefit through self-securitization. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 311-311 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=054&rid=5432 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805432 Classification-JEL: Keywords: self-governance; public benefit; securitization; public spots; Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Astghik Hambardzumyan Author-Name-First: Astghik Author-Name-Last: Hambardzumyan Author-Email: astghik.hambardzumyan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia Title: THE ROOTS OF ISLAMAPHOBIA IN THE WESTERN EUROPE Abstract: ?Islamophobia is the shorthand way of referring to dread or hatred of Islam ? and, therefore, to fear or dislike of all or most Muslims? (Runnymede Trust (1997)The Term Islamaphobia has a fairly recent origin. It became popular for European anti-racist activists after September 11, 2001. The term came out of a growing need to address the place of Muslim migrants in Northern countries, and the supposed divide between the Western and Islamic worlds.Islamaphobia-enacted by Westerners and perceived by Muslims-plays a critically central role in convincing many that a civilizational clash will be inevitable and all-consuming by establishing the fact of an essential and irreconcilable difference between ?them? and ?us? . More than 1.2 billion people identify themselves as Muslim globally-that is, one in five people. The majority of these Muslims do not participate in political violence, and few aspire to establish an Islamic state in their own country. Almost all these Muslims under civil laws fashioned after Western models and relatively few seek to replace these with sharia (Islamic law). If the case were otherwise, the world would be incalculably more convulsed than it is.The question, then, is how in the minds of people from all over the world but muslims, has Islam become synonymous with the Middle East, Muslim men with violence, and Muslim women with oppression? The answer points to a history-as old as Islam itself-of confrontation between an overwhelmingly Christian Europe and predominantly Muslim Middle East over economic resources, political power, and religious sites or so it would be portrayed: in fact, the antagonists never represented a united Europe or Middle East and often battled among their coreligionists as much as against their supposed enemies. As this competition unfolded Europeans came to negatively portray Muslims so effectively and so universally that the terms ?Islam? and ?Muslim? have come to inherently evoke suspicion and fear on the part of many. These are the roots of Islamaphobia. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 312-312 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=055&rid=3852 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803852 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Islamaphobia, Western Europe, anti-racist activists Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803852 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bal Harun Author-Name-First: Bal Author-Name-Last: Harun Author-Email: harunbal@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Author-Name: Ball? Esra Author-Name-First: Ball? Author-Name-Last: Esra Author-Email: esraballi@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Author-Name: Manga Müge Author-Name-First: Manga Author-Name-Last: Müge Author-Email: mmanga@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Title: Purchasing Power Parity in selected Latin American Countries Abstract: The Purchasing Power Parity hypothesis has important policy implications for countries. Therefore it is important to determine the validity of the Purchasing Power Parity. This study investigates the validity of the long run Purchasing Power Parity for selected Latin American countries, in a sample of 4 countries, namely, Brazil, Colombia, Chili and Mexico utilizing Panel unit root tests using monthly data from the period of January 2000 to December 2014. The results show Purchasing Power Parity holds for the selected Latin American Countries. The results show that PPP can be used to determine the equilibrium exchange rate for Brazil, Colombia, Chili and Mexico under this study. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 313-313 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=056&rid=4508 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804508 Classification-JEL: C23, F31 Keywords: Purchasing Power Parity, Panel unit root tests, Latin American Countries Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SALWANA HASSAN Author-Name-First: SALWANA Author-Name-Last: HASSAN Author-Email: salwana@salam.uitm.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi Mara Title: Empowering rural women with entrepreneurship skill in Malaysia Abstract: Poverty in rural Malaysia remains unresolved and contribute7.8% to the whole poverty figure in Malaysia. Among the rural folks, 50% is women. Thus, women, as the significant human capital to fight the long lost battle of poverty, are indispensable. This will also serve as an equal opportunity for women to play active and positive roles to develop the society that has been the tasks for men all this while. More importantly rural women folks have the potential to offer better quality of life for their family by providing extra income and monetary support whenever their husbands are not able to work. The reality in this , however, cannot be solved easily as there are many factors that stand in the way and prevent the resolutions to be observed.In this regard, this paper describes a model that has been used to resolve such issues in rural Malaysia. The model utilizes a synergetic effort between an academic institution, an NGO that govern the rural women folks and a private trading company that sell the finished product. The project was conducted in rural area of Selangor and has been in operations since the end of 2013. It shows positive outcome in terms of improving the productivity and income of the participants by more than 200%. The living condition of those involved also has shown tremendous improvement and model could be used in other rural areas of Malaysia. The project captures the influence of the NGO programs upon rural women entrepreneurship and how a private trading company can facilitate to help develop a community. As a result the project reveals that self-income generating activities by entrepreneurship are the important contributing factor to empowering rural women folks in Malaysia. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 314-314 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=057&rid=5148 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805148 Classification-JEL: L26, O10, D71 Keywords: poverty, empowerment, rural, entrepreneurship, community Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anita Holecz Author-Name-First: Anita Author-Name-Last: Holecz Author-Email: hanita@mnsk.nyme.hu Author-Workplace-Name: University of West Hungary Title: Changes and determinants of teacher?s burnout syndrome Abstract: Our research focuses on teachers? burnout to show that the passage of 15 years has been any change in burnout syndrome and analyze what kind of workplace-, personality- and behavioral characteristics explaining the factors of burnout.Our sample, a total of 783 practising teachers (primary and secondary school teachers). A survey tests were conducted at the beginning of the 2000s, in 2011 and 2014. Such as: MBI Test (Maslach, Jackson, 1986) version was made for teachers (Byrne, 1991), a Psychological Immune System (Oláh, 2005), a Preference of Coping Strategy (Oláh, 2005), a Temperament and Character Factors (TCI, Hungarian adaptation by Rózsa et al., 2004), a Big Five Questionare (BFQ, Hungarian adaptation by Rózsa et al., 2000). The job characteristics (eg. in court for years, workload, status), and satisfaction and happiness at work was measured by our questionare. Our results show that: teachers differ in some personality factors compared to other higher education graduates. Among the factors temperament harm avoidance and reward dependence is higher, while the persistence is lower. The dimensions of characters indicates the low level of self-worth and self-acceptance among teachers. The BFQ test results also showed meaningful differences. Significant differences were observed in two dimensions, energy and openness to experience. In both cases, there was lower means. Coping with stress also has found a significant difference compared to other graduates in higher education. On the positive difference that teachers often prefer person-oriented coping strategies. However, unfortunately, it appears the self punishment and the resignation in stressful situations. The three factors of burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment) are relatively constans in different groups being tested three times since 2003 despite changes in the conditions of education. However, the proportion at risk of burnout is increasing. Until in 2003, 17.83% of the teachers were endangered, in the group tested in 2014 this rate is already 36%. The results of the regression analysis, the prevention of burnout workplace factors of happiness at work play one of the most important role. The personality factors are the need to strengthen, the self-directedness, intellectual openness, friendliness and self-regulatory system in prevention. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 315-315 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=058&rid=5239 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805239 Classification-JEL: I00, I29 Keywords: teachers, burnout, personality, coping preferencies, Psychological Immune System, happiness at work Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Marie Andreea Hordau Author-Name-First: Anne Marie Andreea Author-Name-Last: Hordau Author-Email: annemariehordau@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Cluj Napoca Technical University - Baia Mare Branch Title: Is Italy the ?Promised Land? for Romanians Emigrants ? An Empirical Evidence of Romanian Emigrants in Italy D Abstract: In this article we focused on the Romanian emigrants. During last years evidences have showed up that the main country destination for Romanians emigrants is Italy. In these conditions, the question who appears in everyone mind is what makes Italy so attractive? Is Italy the new ?promised land?for Romanians, as it was America years ago for emigrants? What it is very easy to observe is that the mobility of migrants during the free visa regime was initially labor supply driven, whereas more recently, it has been labor demand that moved the migrant from his country of origin. Our research tries to identify the main reasons who contributed to the migrations of Romanians and to find out which was the economical impact and to suggest some recommendations.We try as well to forecast the level of remittances in the next years and to se which is its impact on Romanian economy , but also on Italian one since it is linked with the employment level of the Romanians. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 316-316 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=059&rid=5117 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805117 Classification-JEL: J11, J24, J31 Keywords: migration, employment, earnings, education, Romanian migrants , Italy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Erind Hoti Author-Name-First: Erind Author-Name-Last: Hoti Author-Email: erind.hoti@uet.edu.al Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana Author-Name: Gentian Hoxhalli Author-Name-First: Gentian Author-Name-Last: Hoxhalli Author-Email: hoxhalli@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana Title: Designinig collaborative processes among SMEs. An overview of inhibiting and motivational factors Abstract: This paper scrutinizes the ground rules for designing collaborative processes by focusing on inter-organizational collaboration and considering collaboration as a process for improving the competitiveness of small and medium sized firms (SMEs). In a need to be more competitive and facing an ever more knowledge-based environment, SMEs must collaborate in order to stay competitive and easily adjust to new situations. Collaboration in itself is perceived as a dynamic process taking place among various actors who come together to jointly achieve a beneficial outcome. This paper provides an overview of the evidence on common motives and inhibiting factors for collaboration among SMEs based on a review of the evidence. Length: 17 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 317-333 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=060&rid=5364 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805364 Classification-JEL: A10, L21, L29 Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), inter-organizational collaboration, collaborative processes, cooperation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Erind Hoti Author-Name-First: Erind Author-Name-Last: Hoti Author-Email: erind.hoti@uet.edu.al Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana Author-Name: Gentian Hoxhalli Author-Name-First: Gentian Author-Name-Last: Hoxhalli Author-Email: hoxhalli@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: European University of Tirana Title: From demand-pull and technology-push innovations, towards knowledge-based innovation systems. Evidence from Albanian small and medium enterprises. Abstract: This paper focuses at small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which are facing growing competition. Technological innovation and the increasing role of knowledge exploitation in the enterprise, provide an important source of innovation and competitive advantage. Technological innovation is being perceived to a greater extent as a continuous, collaborative, multi-actor process requiring new collaboration-supporting technologies and focusing on knowledge and social dynamics perspectives. This paper tries to determine if any relationships do exist between measures for adapting technological innovation in SMEs and whether these are caused by a technology-push or demand-pull. It also aims at verifying if activities related to knowledge management in the enterprise lead to planned or incidental innovations. In doing so we get insights on how different activities could affect technological innovation and it contributes to the small business management literature by adding to the body of knowledge on technological innovation adaption and utilization in SMEs. The empirical investigation is carried out in an emerging market nation such as Albania Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 334-344 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=061&rid=5365 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805365 Classification-JEL: O30, M20, O32 Keywords: SMEs, technology innovation, knowledge management, emerging market economy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nasreen Hussain Author-Name-First: Nasreen Author-Name-Last: Hussain Author-Email: nasreen.hussain@iobm.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Business Management Title: Prevalence of Social Anxiety in Female Students Who Veil in Universities: Evidence from Pakistan Abstract: It is commonly perceived in many countries that there is an element of social anxiety attached to females who wear the veil. The veil, head scarf, voile (French) refer to a piece of cloth that is used to cover the head so that one?s hair is not visible; while some wear along with it a long coat referred to as abayah or jalbab to cover the whole body. Research on the link between veil, social anxiety and university female students is limited and at the same time important as the factors may restrain student participation and affect the quality of their social and academic life. This study aimed at exploring the general trends of social anxiety in female university students observing the veil in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A survey research method was employed to explore the prevalence and trend of social anxiety in female university students by collecting the data from 32 private and public degree awarding colleges and universities spread all over the country. The questionnaire had two sections: first was the demographic section and the second section had the Social Anxiety Scale (2012) developed by Bhamani and Hussain This was sent country-wide through post and email where secondary data collectors facilitated in collecting the data. Nonrandom purposive sampling was used with the intent to include only female students, ensuring that they wore the veil as defined in the research. In all, the questionnaire was distributed to 3000 female students out of which 1601 forms were returned. The scale has 15 items on a four anchor Likert scale, falling under three factors: (a) perceived self, (b) perceived social image, and (c) perceived peer response of self-image. Descriptive data analysis was used using SSPS version 17 and frequencies were taken out to explore the level of anxiety in the overall sample. The findings projected that there was a very low and almost non-significant level of social anxiety in female students who wear the veil. The conclusion of this study was drawn to provide a better understanding of the social development trends of female university students observing the veil and a sounding board for those who consider this Islamic attire as one of the important factors in building up the anxiety level in university students. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 345-345 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=062&rid=5024 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805024 Classification-JEL: Keywords: female university students, self- image, social anxiety, veil Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805024 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tsung-Hau Jen Author-Name-First: Tsung-Hau Author-Name-Last: Jen Author-Email: tsunghau@ntnu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University Title: Standard-Setting Using Item Response Theory Abstract: Standard-setting is a procedure of providing cut-scores on measurement scales used to separate proficiency levels by classifying the test-takers with scores lower than a cut-score into one level and those whose scores are at or above the cut-score into a higher level. Different standard-setting approaches have been proposed to classify mastery levels of the target population, to find out the norms and passing rates for the population or test-takers, to induct the standards through an empirical way, and to validate the assessment framework developed based on the theories. In the current study, an evidence-based standard-setting approach was proposed to estimate the thresholds on the scales of interested latent traits by using item response theory. An empirical data set for evaluating a teacher education program was used to demonstrate the proposed approach. The strengths and limitations of the proposed method were also discussed. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 346-346 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=063&rid=5119 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805119 Classification-JEL: Keywords: item response theory, standard-setting, methodology, proficiency levels Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chanida Jittaruttha Author-Name-First: Chanida Author-Name-Last: Jittaruttha Author-Email: chanida.jittaruttha@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Political Science, Public Administration Department Title: Democratic Culture and Thai Societal Development: Cultural Values and Conflict Perspective on Inequality Abstract: Democratic culture is the valuable set of cultural elements produced by members of the democratic movements as part of their effort to create democracy (Holden, 2008). Public administration scholars generally agree that democratic culture is a prerequisite to and a keystone of ?new democratic governance?, which is now widely accepted as a critical paradigmin public affairs. (Hood, 1991; Rhodes, 1991; Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2004; Bozeman, 2007).As Balkin (2004) stated that democratic culture is about individual liberty as well as collective self- governance; it concerns each individual's ability to participate in the production and distribution of culture on democracy.This article aimed to study the level of democratic culture composed in three components, affecting to Thai societal development forwarded on three stages that were perceived by Thai people. It also investigates barriers to democratic culture and to provide determining indicators, which can promote strong democratic culture and advanced democracy among public sphere. Both questionnaires and interview schedule were synthesized from relevant literatures to explore a field. After data collecting, findings are as follows: (a) citizen perception on both democratic cultureand Thai societal development are of at high level (mean value 3.51 and 3.64), (b) relationship between democratic culture and Thai societal development were negatively correlated in one way direction at low level (r=.599),(c) apparent values and behaviors of democratic perceived culture has disparity from those expected ones in some dimensions, (d) major barriers to democratic culture derived from Thai?s culture in historical sociology dimension:inequality rooted upon nepotism, patronage or spoil system, high power distance, pyramid scheme, (e) obstructions to Thai societal development derived from corruption, distrust culture,bureaucracy and parliament intervention, undemocratic and unethical leaders, autocratic rule, and law enforcement deficiency, and (f) alignments or indicators to cultivate democratic culture influencing to Thai societal development are democratic values, empower citizen, democratic and ethical leaders, efficient bureaucracy, ideologies and professionalism of public servant, development of citizen? s knowledge, equality of law enforcement, participative management, ethics and governance in society, human capital development and well- being of citizen. The article, although,postulates sufficient evidence to conclude that citizen perception on democratic culture is at high level and highlights where existing measures match the theories, but also shows a number of ?weak democratic culture? and barricades of democratization especially over the content of democratic beliefs correlated with societal development and possible alignments for reconstructing democratic culture among Thai citizen. Length: 21 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 347-367 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=064&rid=4945 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804945 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Democratic Culture, Democracy, Societal Development Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804945 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: AZIZ KAGITCI Author-Name-First: AZIZ Author-Name-Last: KAGITCI Author-Email: aziz@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Author-Name: SEMIH BUYUKIPEKCI Author-Name-First: SEMIH Author-Name-Last: BUYUKIPEKCI Author-Email: sbipekci@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Title: THE EFFECTS OF TERROR ACTIVITIES AND POLITICAL INSTABILITIES ON TOURISM SECTOR Abstract: All the world countries generate an important income from tourism. The competents of state and private sector carry out a lot of information and publicity activities to attract tourists for their countries. Turkey has an important geography both for being a mediterranean country and having historical substructure for tourism. The tourism sector has first affected fragile structure from wars, terror and political crises when compared with the other sectors.The decisions of domestic and foreign tourists change for this reason.The concepts of terror and terrorism and the relations between tourism and social and political instabilities living in Turkey are gone around in this study. Because the study has a qualitative scope the datum which are had from secondary sources are tried to be compiled with the perspective of Turkey. The terror activities and political problems in tourism sector are gone around with these datum and it is tried to bring forward a proposal to make these negations positive with the least damage. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 368-368 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=065&rid=5215 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805215 Classification-JEL: L80 Keywords: Terrorism, Tourism, Political Instabilities Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: AZAD KAKASHEKH Author-Name-First: AZAD Author-Name-Last: KAKASHEKH Author-Email: azad.ameen@mhe-krg.org Author-Workplace-Name: Salahaddin University ? Erbil / Colleg of Art -Geography Department Title: Impact of touristic activities on environment and need's of sustainable tourism development. Shaqlawa City / study area Abstract: Impact of touristic activities on environment and need's of sustainable tourism development. Shaqlawa City / study area This study aims at the: 1 ? Definition of touristic activities and determination of its impact on environment. 2 ? Definition of sustainable tourism development and clarifying its role in conservation of environment problems. 3 ? Determination of environmental problems caused by touristic activities in Shaqlawa city and needs of sustainable tourism development. To achieve aims the of the study and because of its nature, in addition to introduction and conclusions, divided into the following themes:First: Definition of touristic activities and determination of its impact on environment. Second: Definition of sustainable tourism development and clarifying its concept. Third: Tourism in Shaqlawa and environmental problems caused by touristic activities in the city.Fourth: Needs of sustainable tourism development. Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 369-386 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=066&rid=4923 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804923 Classification-JEL: Q56 Keywords: sustainable development, environmental problems, tourist activity, Shaqlawa Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Makbule Kali Soyer Author-Name-First: Makbule Author-Name-Last: Kali Soyer Author-Email: makbulesoyer@marmara.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Marmara University Atatürk Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling Author-Name: Berke Kirikkanat Author-Name-First: Berke Author-Name-Last: Kirikkanat Author-Email: bkirikkanat@ticaret.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Istanbul Commerce University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences Title: Undergraduates? Achievement Goal Orientations, Academic Self-Efficacy and Hope as the Predictors of Their Learning Approaches Abstract: The aim of the present study was to figure out whether university students? learning approaches were shaped via their achievement goal orientations, academic self-efficacy and hope or not. The other objective was to examine if these psychological constructs varied in accordance with the demographic variables including gender, age and class level. 332 undergraduates from Marmara University and Istanbul Commerce University who were in the year of junior and senior participated in the study. The Achievement Goal Orientations Scale, the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Dispositional Hope Scale and the Demographic Form were utilized to reveal the predictive power of these constructs on their learning attitudes measured by the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that learning goal orientation was a pivotal predictor of both deep and surface approach to learning. Academic self-efficacy and hope were the crucial precursors of deep approach while performance-avoidance goal inclination was a considerable predictor of surface approach. Independent samples t-test analysis displayed that the female undergraduates were superior to the male ones in terms of the learning goal tendency. And the students (20 to 22 aged) demonstrated higher scores on the same variable than the other ones (23 to 25 aged). On the basis of class level, there were no significant differences in the scores of achievement goal orientations, academic self-efficacy, hope and learning approaches. The results pointed out the fact that such concepts pertinent to an undergraduate?s academic performance could be viewed as distinctive features engendering different learning attitudes toward scholastic training. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 387-387 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=067&rid=4876 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804876 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Achievement goal orientation, academic self-efficacy, hope, learning approaches, undergraduates Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hyun-Kyu KANG Author-Name-First: Hyun-Kyu Author-Name-Last: KANG Author-Email: hkkang@kistep.re.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning Title: Development of Guideline for Preliminary Feasibility Study on Government R&D Programs in Korea Abstract: In order to enhance the efficiency of research and development (R&D) investment, since 2008 the Korean government has applied the preliminary feasibility study (PFS) to newly proposed government R&D programs of which total budget exceeding about $50 million including about $30 million or more in government expenditure. The PFS on R&D programs is an ex-ante evaluation that is performed in point of views of technology, policy and economy. Since 2008 the PFS was conducted to over 120 R&D programs.For maintaining the consistency of evaluation, the first edition of ?the standard guideline of PFS for R&D program? was published in late 2011 by Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning. By using the standard guideline, the integrity of analysis has been further improved. Even after the publication of the 1st edition of the standard guideline, the study for improving and developing analytical methods was carried out on an ongoing basis. As the result of the study, the 2nd edition of the standard guideline was published at the end of 2014. In this paper, the main contents of the 2nd edition of the standard guideline are explained. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 388-396 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=068&rid=5212 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805212 Classification-JEL: D81, O32, O38 Keywords: Preliminary feasibility study, Ex-ante evaluation, Government R&D program, Standard guideline, Logic model Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: thanach kanokthet Author-Name-First: thanach Author-Name-Last: kanokthet Author-Email: thanachk8@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Naresuan University Title: Impact of Long Term Care for the Elderly in Urban Area of Thailand Abstract: This study was a qualitative research aiming to study the experience of long-term care, its associated impact as well as the role of organizations involved in long ? term care for the elderly. Data were collected, from January of 2015 to June of 2015, through in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and direct observation of 362 elderly persons and 85 caregivers, at 6 municipality of four provinces of Thailand. The data were analyzed using content analysis, thematic analysis, and frequency and percentage.The results of long-term dependency of the elderly with stroke, dementia, co-morbidity, and chronic health problem, were documented. The care givers who provided long-term care for the elderly in Urban Area showed that the majority of them feel relative powerless; most of them (85%) were female; 30 percent had a chronic health problem; and 35 percent were elderly caregivers. 70 percent of caregivers also work, about 15 percent people need to provide long-term care for more than one person, it was found that the pattern of family caregivers for long-term elderly care in Urban Area of Thailand that the caring was subject of gratitude.Regarding the effect of care, Half of caregivers who care for the elderly with stroke and co-morbidity experienced the economic burden, due to costs of care, financial debt, and a lack of opportunities for career development.The psychological burden and emotional problems were the most common ,among those who provided care to elderly people with dementia. there is a lack of continuity of care for the elderly in the long term health care system, a lack of assurance for the quality of home care, and the lack of integration of missions of the organizations involved in the care of the elderly in a community.In conclusion, the long-term care for the elderly in Thailand results in tremendous burden on caregivers and families amidst the unavailability of family and community support systems. Therefore, support system development and system design for long-term elderly care options for caregivers and families in the community include; development of primary care services, promote the role of local government in the long term care system for the elderly, development potential family caregivers, and standardization and quality control long-term elderly care nationality.Thus, leading to the development of a sustainable aged care that is in accord with urban area of Thailand. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 397-397 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=069&rid=5367 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805367 Classification-JEL: I14, I18, I19 Keywords: Long Term Care , Elderly ,Urban Area Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ka?an Karademir Author-Name-First: Ka?an Author-Name-Last: Karademir Author-Email: kkarademir@turgutozal.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Turgut Ozal University Title: Exchange Rates And Stock Prices Relationship: Clustering By Dynamic Time Warping & Longest Common Subsequences Abstract: One of the most discussed topics in finance is the relationship between Exchange Rates and Stock Prices. This obscurity is tried to determine by different causality methods. Unfortunately, these studies usually compare countries? Stock Prices and Exchange Rates without applying any clustering or classifying methods. As a result, outcomes vary with each country. This study aims to produce a pre-processing method for examining the linkage between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates by the clustering methodologies of Dynamic Time Warping and Longest Common Subsequences, examining G8 countries, BRICS countries and Turkey. Dynamic Time Warping is an algorithm which aligns two different time series by certain constraints, even if they are non-linear or not having the same length. In this study, daily data of ten years from 2005 to 2015 are employed and similarity criterion is measured with respect to Turkish Data Set. Empirical results showed that there are significant differences between Stock Prices of G8 countries and BRICS countries compared to Turkish Stock Prices. Both Turkish Exchange Rates movements and Stock Prices movements show more correspondence with Russian and Chinese Stock Prices and Exchange Rates movements than other countries?. This pre-processing methodology enables researchers to investigate more interrelated exchange markets and stock markets by applying clustering. Discussions of possible improvements and issues of future researchers are concluded. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 398-398 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=070&rid=4863 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804863 Classification-JEL: F31, F36, G15 Keywords: Exchange Rates, Stock Prices, Dynamic Time Warping, Longest Common Subsequences Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804863 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yi Karnes Author-Name-First: Yi Author-Name-Last: Karnes Author-Email: yi.karnes@csueastbay.edu Author-Workplace-Name: California State University, East Bay Title: INVESTING UNDER INSTITUTIONAL UNCERTAINTY: THE CHOICE AND CONSEQUENCE OF GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES Abstract: Economic liberalization in emerging emerging economies has presented many investment opportunities to private investors. Despite greater extent of capital inflow, investments in emerging economies still retain many features conflicting with management of a market system. Drawing from transaction cost economics and institution-based view; we investigate private investors? choice of various governance structures under institutional uncertainty. We find evidence that different investments vary systematically in their governance structure to respond in a coordinative manner to uncertainty in the institutional environments and to asset specific investments. Our findings suggest that success of private investments is affected by the choice of governance structures. Length: 26 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 399-424 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=071&rid=4651 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804651 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Transaction cost economics, governance structures Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ARZU KAZAZ Author-Name-First: ARZU Author-Name-Last: KAZAZ Author-Email: akazaz@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELÇUK ÜN?VERS?TES? Author-Name: A??NA GÜLERARSLAN Author-Name-First: A??NA Author-Name-Last: GÜLERARSLAN Author-Email: asina.asina@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SELÇUK ÜN?VERS?TES? Title: WHAT AFFECTS YOUNG PEOPLE IN BUYING BEHAVIORS AIMED AT DIFFERENT PRODUCT GROUPS? Abstract: When consumer-wise buying behaviors are examined, we often encounter the concept of opinion leader. Opinion leaders can be defined as persons or institutions that help convey various messages to different sections of society, raise awareness in them in this way, lead to behavioral or attitudinal changes or reinforce existing attitudes. When Gabriel Tarde, who attempts to explain social developments and changes based on the individual, first proposed ?Social Imitation Theory? (Çebi, 2012, p. 4), it was hard to imagine that it could evolve into the concept of opinion leader, but as years have passed by, it has become inevitable that opinion leader should become an institution that both guides and explains individual and social developments.In a process where communication opportunities have become greatly advanced and the messages generated through these opportunities increased in the sense of both volume and sharing, it seems unavoidable that buying habits should undergo a change in form. Whether or not the influence of opinion leaders as a power that guides consumers in this process of change has grown independent of the face-to-face communication environment, and in the buying of what kind of new products the concept of ?opinion leader? is effective constitute the fundamental problems of this study.The study will be conducted on young people who receive undergraduate education. An attempt will be made to understand the buying behaviors of young people for three different products falling in the categories of high involvement and low involvement, and the role of opinion leaders in the formation of these behaviors. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 425-435 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=072&rid=5252 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805252 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Social Imitation, Opinion Leaders, Buying Behaviors, Consumption Habits Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: METE KAZAZ Author-Name-First: METE Author-Name-Last: KAZAZ Author-Email: mkazaz@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELÇUK ÜN?VERS?TES? Author-Name: SA?BE PALA Author-Name-First: SA?BE Author-Name-Last: PALA Author-Email: psaibe@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SELÇUK ÜN?VERS?TES? Title: CHARTERISTICS AND USING MOTIVATIONS OF MARRIAGE WEBSITE USERS Abstract: The internet which enables computers to link with each other from all around the world and causes social upheavals as a global pulpit has made a raphid progress in recent years. Correspondingly to the technological advances, so many things in our life has changed with the internet which has become the new face of communication. By creating a cultural alteration with impacts to individual, family and society lifes; it has brought to light a new system which is active as marriage websites.Online flirt concept has become many researchs subject after getting married through marriage websites become popular as more than a million people has married by meeting on internet. After 2000 marriage websites has placed in most visited websites and it also has made why internet marriages has increased a current issu.Subjects in this study to measure the motivation of the users are discussed in theory and practice. To this end; ' Socialization and Technology ' After discussing the relationship between marriage Sites ' and ' Internet of Marriage Report and User Motivations ' transition was made to the issue. The findings and the Review of ' Marriage and Marriage Sites Related Opinions and demographic characteristics ' title is given to the analysis results obtained under. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 436-451 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=073&rid=5253 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805253 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Internet communication, Virtual Socializing, Modernization, Marriage Websites, Marriage Motivations. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chombhak Klangrahad Author-Name-First: Chombhak Author-Name-Last: Klangrahad Author-Email: chombhak@ms.su.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management Science, Silpakorn University Phetchaburi IT Campus Title: Successful Management of Community Enterprise of Fair Trade Pineapple Growers Group SamRoiYod District, Prach Abstract: The study of successful management of Community Enterprise of Fair Trade Pineapple Growers Group, Sam RoiYod District, Prachuab Kiri Khan Province. The purpose of this research was studied the management of Community, collected data by focus group, observation and an in-depth interview from 14 participants who were the members of Community Enterprise of Fair Trade Pineapple Growers Group. This study was divided in two aspects, including successful management and the quality of life.The result of this study showed that after the cooperative had joined Fair Trade under the name of Community Enterprise of Fair Trade Pineapple Growers Group. The successful management concluded by the principles of Critical Success Factor (CSF) 1) Leaders and members of the group are committed to drive the group to comply with the requirements of Fair Trade Organization. 2) The farmers had more knowledge than before; how to plan for planting good quality pineapple products for the market. They had the criteria for selecting members to join Fair Trade. Moreover, they provided the training and development programmes for the members. 3) They had a good relationship with other members and support together within the group. Community Enterprise also worked with other groups such as; sugarcane, mango, and rubber. 4) They had the annual meeting for reporting all results in organization both in every problem and the advantages of organization. In addition, they also had to manage the budget for supporting the communities. The quality of life of the farmers in overall aspects was become well than before. The group had the policies to insure the price of pineapple and as the result the farmers had stable income and could support their families. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 452-457 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=074&rid=5288 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805288 Classification-JEL: Keywords: fair trade, successful management, quality of life, Community Enterprise of Fair Trade Pineapple Growers Group Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ildiko Koos Author-Name-First: Ildiko Author-Name-Last: Koos Author-Email: koosildi@mnsk.nyme.hu Author-Workplace-Name: The University of West Hungary Title: The project program in the model of education of teachers in Western Hungary Abstract: The model has a general approach towards initial teacher education and teachers? continuous professional development. This model gives teachers bachelor programmes, the trainee phase of their work, and lifelong learning (with the help of professional development courses) in a standardised system. We have programmes for primary teachers who teach in the lower grades 1 to 4; for teachers in grades 5 to 8 and for teachers in grades 9 to 12. Our goal is to create balance in the education of teachers between research based university studies and teaching practices. The teachers need to have the highest level of professional knowledge as well as knowledge of teaching and methodology. The model of teacher education in Western Hungary also provides CPG (continuous professional development courses) for teachers during their whole career. These developmental courses show the best practices. These courses also provide stimulating, motivational attitudes for teachers. Those who take part can join innovations and researches. These projects are in connection with practical challenges and problems of the public education. The results of the projects can immediately be use in classrooms or during teaching and in pedagogical service.The high level of realization depends on the motivation on lifelong learning of students and teachers, professors. Therefore, some skills are especially important in our teachers? character, such as: -being open-minded;-having a problem-solving attitude: organising team word and project tasks for university students;-improving students? responsibility: helping students express their personal opinion;-at university, teaching by using the excellent and new methods, so the up-to-date methods can be seen in one?s work;-being empathetic with students, so that they will study with enthusiasm and curiosity;-being able to reflect to their own work and emotions.We think, this teaching attitude can reach its goal when teaching generation Z. Nowadays, children grow up in a visual (digitalized) world. They spend a lot of time sitting in front of the computer, and they don?t exercise much. Therefore, kids of generation Z have a need for motion, like working using creative methods, like multi-tasking at school and while learning (like using their smart phones, X-boxes, computers). Teachers should use this motivation while teaching. University professors and teachers can show teachers different methods for teaching generation Z. For example, projects, creative reading comprehension, co-operative working, cloose techniques. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 458-458 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=075&rid=5244 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805244 Classification-JEL: A20 Keywords: teacher education; lifelong learning; organising team word; project tasks Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Julia Koralun-Bereznicka Author-Name-First: Julia Author-Name-Last: Koralun-Bereznicka Author-Email: jkb@wzr.ug.edu.pl Author-Workplace-Name: University of Gdansk Title: Corporate Size?Performance Relation across Countries and Industries: Findings from the European Union Abstract: According to the leading theories of the firm the size-performance relation is not obvious neither in terms of its significance nor direction. The review of the previous empirical research also provides mixed evidence in the field. The aim of this study is to further explore this relationship by considering two potentially important factors ? the country and industry specificity. In contrast to most studies, where the overall corporate performance often seems to be narrowed to some profitability aspects, this research takes into account a much wider range of corporate performance ratios. The way country and industry features affect size-performance relationship is analysed on a sample of private firms of three sizes from 13 industries across 9 EU countries in the period 2000-2010. The research methodology includes the analysis of variance, taxonomic method of aggregation, linear ranking and adjusted Rand?s measure used for comparing partitions. Findings provide evidence that the variability of the size-performance relationship is both country- and industry-dependent, with a slight dominance of the latter factor. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 459-459 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=076&rid=4042 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804042 Classification-JEL: G30 Keywords: firm size; corporate performance; European Union; country factor; industry factor Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Malgorzata J. Krawczyk Author-Name-First: Malgorzata J. Author-Name-Last: Krawczyk Author-Email: Malgorzata.Krawczyk@agh.edu.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology Author-Name: Mateusz Pomorski Author-Name-First: Mateusz Author-Name-Last: Pomorski Author-Email: pomorski.mateusz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology Author-Name: Krzysztof Kulakowski Author-Name-First: Krzysztof Author-Name-Last: Kulakowski Author-Email: kulakowski@fis.agh.edu.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology Author-Name: Jaroslaw Kwapien Author-Name-First: Jaroslaw Author-Name-Last: Kwapien Author-Email: Jaroslaw.Kwapien@ifj.edu.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Author-Name: Marcel Ausloos Author-Name-First: Marcel Author-Name-Last: Ausloos Author-Email: marcel.ausloos@ulg.ac.be Author-Workplace-Name: GRAPES Title: Statistics on babies? names reflects the traditional regions in United States Abstract: The research is based on the data on given names in the United States in 1910-2010, as given by the Official Website of the U. S. Social Security Administration (2015). For each year, 100 names are selected which were most popular in the whole country. The contribution of each state to each of these names is calculated. For all pairs of states the Pearson correlation coefficients are calculated of the popularity profiles of the selected names. A weighted network is constructed, where states are nodes and the correlation coefficients are links. A similar study has been conducted recently in (Barucca, Rocchi, Marinari, Parisi and Ricci-Tersenghi, 2015). The community structure of the network is found for each year, based on the method of differential equations (Krawczyk, 2008). The obtained structure remains rather stable until 80?s, and it reproduces three traditional regions of the U.S. : New England, the South, and the Midwest together with the West, as the third region, as given by Encyclopedia Britannica and the United States Census Bureau. Exceptionally, three states(Arizona, California and New Mexico) moved about 1960 from the South region to New England, despite their far distance from the East Coast. The related modularity index (Newman, 2006), although small, displays a maximum around 1940; this coincides with a local maximum of the fragmentation index (Krawczyk, Dydejczyk and Kulakowski, 2014). Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 460-460 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=077&rid=4645 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804645 Classification-JEL: Keywords: networks, demography, babies' names, communities Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Janine Kruger Author-Name-First: Janine Author-Name-Last: Kruger Author-Email: janine.kruger@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Author-Name: Rootman Chantal Author-Name-First: Rootman Author-Name-Last: Chantal Author-Email: chantal.rootman@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Author-Name: Shelley Saunders Author-Name-First: Shelley Author-Name-Last: Saunders Author-Email: Shelley.saunders2@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Title: Macro-economic factors influence on South African SMME business performance Abstract: Purpose of study: To determine the influence of selected macro-economic factors (Transportation costs, Government regulations, Access to finance, Interest rates and Inflation and economic growth) on SMME business performance in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Research design and methodology: The positivistic research paradigm adopting a quantitative research approach was followed in the study. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the primary data from 200 SMME?s business owners/managers in the Eastern Cape region, South Africa. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to obtain the respondents in the sample. The literature review included the effect of macro-economic factors influencing SMME business performance and the environment in which SMMEs operate. Five hypotheses were constructed from literature and empirically tested. An exploratory factor analysis confirmed the validity and Cronbach?s alpha coefficients determined the reliability of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inference statistics were calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficients determined the strength of the relationships between the independent (Transportation costs, Government regulations, Access to finance, Interest rates and Inflation and economic growth) and dependant variables (Business Performance) and the multiple regression analysis determined if relationships exist between the independent and dependant variables. Research findings: A statistically significant relationship was found between the Access to finance and Business performance. Although the relationships between the Business performance and Transportation costs as well as Interest rates were not statistically significant, negative correlations were found. Positive correlations were found between the Business performance and Government regulations, and Inflation and economic growth although the relationships were not statistically significant.Research limitations: The study was limited to only the Eastern Cape region, South Africa. The SMME definition is broad in scope and may differ from one industry to another. Practical implications: Managers/owners need to take care when selecting transportation methods and obtaining debt capital as an increase in these factors may negatively influence business performance. However, an increase in Government regulations, and Inflation and economic growth may lead to improved business performance. In addition, the more access to finance SMME?s have the more likely business performance will be positively influenced.Contribution of paper: This paper contributes towards the body of knowledge regarding SMME?s in a developing region in South Africa. Although it is well-known that macro-economic factors influence business performance, little is known regarding the extent of the influence, especially within a developing country. Length: 21 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 461-481 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=078&rid=5126 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805126 Classification-JEL: M21 Keywords: Macro-economic factors; SMME; Business performance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Janine Kruger Author-Name-First: Janine Author-Name-Last: Kruger Author-Email: janine.kruger@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Author-Name: Miemie Struwig Author-Name-First: Miemie Author-Name-Last: Struwig Author-Email: miemie.struwig@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Title: E-business classification of selected retailers in South Africa Abstract: Purpose of the study: To classify selected retailers according to the type of business and the e-business model stage used to adopt e-business strategies in order to create a competitive advantage.Research design and methodology: The study will be qualitative in nature as the homepage of each selected retailer?s internet site will be analysed in terms of content. The procedure used in content analysing the printed screen dumps involves making notes of the links and interesting information in the margin. The margin notes will be studied and grouped themes. As many themes as required will be included, as the number of themes can be reduced if necessary. A final list of themes will be compiled when no new themes have emerged, and all the notes and information have been accommodated in the themes. The different themes will be colour coded using a coloured highlighter pen for each theme in the transcripts. A final check of all text and links on the screen dumps and on the homepage will be done to ensure that the information not highlighted is not relevant. The finalised themes will be given to another researcher to confirm the themes. Trustworthiness of the research will be enhanced by triangulation. Inter-rater reliability will be performed in that another researcher will verify the categories and ensure that the data was indeed correct.Research findings: The findings showed that one retailer is classified as a brick-and-mortar, two as brick-and-click and one as an online business. The e-business strategies adopted by the four retailers ranged from limited online presence to e-commerce. Research limitations: Only four public companies operating in two industries have been investigated. Results may also differ if this study is replicated in a developed country. The adoption of a high level e-business strategy is limited in South Africa.Practical implications: Management of retailers should consider the various e-business strategies as it may assist in creating wealth for the shareholders. Retailers may also outsource some of the e-business strategy activities therefore reducing the cost of implementing such strategies. Contribution of paper: No paper could be found within the South African context that investigates the impact of e-business strategies on business performance. Additionally, no study could be found highlighting the importance of considering the extent of Internet usage for trading purposes to increase their visibility in the market place. Length: 23 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 482-504 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=079&rid=5127 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805127 Classification-JEL: L81 Keywords: E-commerce, E-business, E-business model Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tekalign Gidi Kure Author-Name-First: Tekalign Gidi Author-Name-Last: Kure Author-Email: abushgidi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Addis Ababa University Title: Social Infrastracture the case of Higher Education in Ethiopia Abstract: This paper addresses a range of serious problems involving higher education in Ethiopia. In spite of increased enrollment in higher education, educational quality is deteriorating afterwards. Thus, this paper tried to assess the role of social infrastructure in education for economic development of the country and examined major critical problems in higher education of Ethiopia such as higher education finance, curriculum development, and instructor?s career development.Primarily the paper discusses the fundamental contributions of social infrastructure in higher education to economic development; namely development of human capital, improved health, life expectancy, increased productivity, and personal saving, then, the paper examines critically higher education in three regimes of Ethiopia (Emperor Regime, Derg Regime and EPDRF/current government). Thus, four main questions were raised during this research: 1. what are the antecedents of Ethiopia Higher Education System under three regimes? 2. what are the current and emerging higher educational needs in Ethiopia economic development? 3. what are the role of private sector in addressing the gaps in higher education of the country and its adverse effect on quality issues. 4. what improvements are needed in higher education system of Ethiopia?Documents from Ministry of Education in Ethiopia, Natioanl Statistical Abstracts, and Reports form the World Bank and other recognized institutions were used in addition to recent empirical researches conducted in the country. In doing so, care had been taken to reduce prejudiced reports by involving different reports from multiple sources.The paper concludes that during emperor system higher education enrollment was among the very lowest in the world, therefore, the skilled human resource available to guide development were little, but the cost was very high. During the Derg regime where ideological change in the system penetrated in to higher education resulted with lack of large amount of resources to support higher education; the war inside and outside the country diverts resources from the sector. The main purpose of this paper is not only to discuss the problems and issues of higher education in the past, but it also investigates the influence that the current expansion of higher education has on the finance, staff, and other resources for the quality of education. The paper concludes that higher education in Ethiopia are finance by government, outdated curriculum and lagging behind the standard regarding qualified staff. Finally, it provided inevitable solutions if the country wants to gain well record in quality of education as well. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 505-505 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=080&rid=5095 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805095 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Social-infrastructure, Higher-Education, Ethiopia Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Lam Author-Name-First: Hugo Author-Name-Last: Lam Author-Email: hugo.k.s.lam@connect.polyu.hk Author-Workplace-Name: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Author-Name: Andy Yeung Author-Name-First: Andy Author-Name-Last: Yeung Author-Email: andy.yeung@polyu.edu.hk Author-Workplace-Name: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Title: The Abnormal Returns of Corporate Environmental Initiatives in China: A Customer Awareness Perspective Abstract: The abnormal returns of corporate environmental initiatives (CEIs) in developed countries such as USA has been intensively studied, but there is a scarcity of related research in the context of developing countries such as China. This may be due to the belief that firms in China are unable to get any positive returns from their CEIs because of the relatively low environmental awareness of Chinese customers. While we agree that the abnormal returns of CEIs in China, on average, might be not statistically significant, we argue that the magnitude of the abnormal returns should vary across CEIs depending on the customer awareness of the specific CEIs concerned. As a result, we hypothesize that the abnormal returns will be more positive for those CEIs with higher customer awareness, such as recent (rather than early) CEIs, product-driven (rather than process-driven) CEIs, and third-party verified (rather than self-declared) CEIs. We will conduct an event study based on the CEIs announcements of public firms listed in China to test our hypotheses. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 506-506 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=081&rid=5041 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805041 Classification-JEL: Keywords: corporate environmental initiatives; abnormal returns; event study; China. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: S0-Jin Lim Author-Name-First: S0-Jin Author-Name-Last: Lim Author-Email: jiny0078@naver.com Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Institute of Intellectual Property Title: The Intellectual Property Right and Firm Survival in Different Growth Stages Abstract: As the ratio of intangible assets in firm?s market value is increasing, the business strategy on knowledge assets including intellectual property rights is becoming the key factor determining firm?s performance and survival. This study empirically examines the impacts of IPR on the firm survival using 619,314 firm-year observations of South Korean manufacturing firms in 2000-2012, based on the assumption that those effects depend on the types, quantity, attributes of IPR and the growth stage and industries of a firm. We find that one unit increase of patent stock, design and trademark in firms could reduce the hazard ratio by 0.9%, 10.3% and 13.6% respectively. As to the attributes of patents, one unit increase of the numbers of claims, IPC classification and the ratio of joint applied patent could reduce the hazard ratio by 0.4%, 2.1%, and 5.3% respectively. And, in regard to the discriminative effects of those variables according to the growth stage of a business, the positive effect of the quantity of patent stock is decreasing and that of patent?s quality is increasing as a firm grows. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 507-507 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=082&rid=4273 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804273 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Intellectual Property Right, Firm Survival, Cox proportional hazard model, growth stage Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmood Mahmoodzadeh Author-Name-First: Mahmood Author-Name-Last: Mahmoodzadeh Author-Email: mahmod.ma@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University Author-Name: Somaye Sadeghi Author-Name-First: Somaye Author-Name-Last: Sadeghi Author-Email: somysadeghi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University Author-Name: Soraya Sadeghi Author-Name-First: Soraya Author-Name-Last: Sadeghi Author-Email: soysadeghi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: MA in Economics Author-Name: Saleh Ghavidel Author-Name-First: Saleh Author-Name-Last: Ghavidel Author-Email: salleh_mogh@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University,Firoozkooh Title: Innovation Investments and Energy Efficiency in Iranian Industries Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of innovation investments in Iranian industries including R&D expenditures (disaggregated as domestic and foreign) and ICT investments on energy intensity in three clusters of Iranian industries including small, medium and large size industries. We used the GMM panel method to estimate during 2000-2009 periods. The results show that in all clusters, domestic R&D expenditures have not significant effect on energy intensity, while foreign R&D expenditures induces to decrease considerably energy intensity. Also, ICT investments cause to increase energy intensity. Moreover, as expected, the spillovers from these innovations, especially R&D spillover cause to decrease energy intensity. Overall, in Iranian firms, innovation investments, in particular foreign R&D expenditures play a substantial role to improve energy efficiency. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 508-519 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=083&rid=4578 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804578 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Energy Intensity, ICT Investments, Domestic R&D, Foreign R&D, Spillovers Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: DEMET SEFIKA MANGIR Author-Name-First: DEMET SEFIKA Author-Name-Last: MANGIR Author-Email: demetacar@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Title: The International Criminal Court in International Law Abstract: The International Criminal Court (ICC), was established with the enactment in 1 July 2002 which adopted in 17 July 1998 Rome Statue by votes of 120 countries. Nuremberg and Tokyo Far East International Military Criminal Courts which were established before and are suitable to Ad Hoc Courts, the International Criminal Courts which are established in 90's for Ruanda and Old Yugoslavia, according to the decision of the UN Charter established under Section 7 and they have been important steps in the process of establishing the International Criminal Court, by UN Security Council.Crimes falling within the court's jurisdiction; genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and assaults are crimes. As the main purpose of the rome statute as it noticed in foreword, find out by whom are the most serious crimes made against humanity, to investigate no matter where its made, to punish them, so it is play a deterrent role in the processing of new ones. Continuously independent organs of ICC?s courts are: the presidency, appeal division, trial division, department of pre-trial, prosecutor's office and the office of the registrar. In the ICC which is facing 15 trial at the same time, investigation of the 7 different countries are ongoing. Member countries Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Central African Republic are applied to ICC within its jurisdiction and with crimes occurring in their countries. The case related to Sudan and Libya, the United Nations Security Council has moved the Court. And Prosecution started investigation about Kenya and Ivory Coast by itself.When the attitude of the uUSA was big obstacle in front of court's effectiveness, the EU has been a great supporter. Turkey contains provisions that could create problems in terms of the Non-International conflicts and prolonged armed conflict. And in opinion of that high standards of International Law with improving quality of National Jurisdiction will provide much benefit than loss. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 520-528 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=084&rid=4782 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804782 Classification-JEL: K33, K33, K33 Keywords: The International Criminal Court, Rome Statue, UN Security Council Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804782 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cameron McCarthy Author-Name-First: Cameron Author-Name-Last: McCarthy Author-Email: cameron.cmccart1@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Illinois Title: Burnished Ornamentalism: Making Sense of History, Iconography and the Visual Cultural Practices of Postcolonial Elite Schools in Globalizing Circumstances Abstract: This presentation probes deeply into the tangled of historicities that animate British-bequeathed elite schools now operating in new competitive transnational educational markets in selected post-developmental states. The scenarios of this competition are increasingly moving online in photo and video-sharing websites such as YouTube, Facebook and Flicker and in the websites that individual schools are creating to consecrate their school heritages. I examine closely the work that postcolonial elite schools in a nine-country international study are doing with their historical archives, preserved cultural objects, architecture, emblems, mottos and their school curricula as they martial these cultural resources at the crossroads of profound change precipitated by globalization and attendant neoliberal imperatives. This change is articulated across the whole gamut of global forces, connections, and aspirations. And, it is in relation to and through these dynamics that postcolonial elite schools must now position and reposition themselves?acting and intervening in and responding to new globalizing circumstances that often cut at right angles to the historical narratives and the very social organization of these educational institutions linked to England. Globalizing developments have precipitated efforts on the part of these schools to mobilize their rich heritages and pasts as a material resource and not simply as a matter of indelible and inviolate tradition. History, then, I maintain in this context, cannot be reduced to the realm of epiphenomena of securely linear school chronologies. Instead, drawing on Walter Benjamin, I look at the way in which postcolonial school histories are ?active in the present? and the way in which schools in India, Barbados and Singapore are adroitly and selectively managing their school identities in the light of globalization. The results of these interventions are not guaranteed. They often run up against the revolution of rising expectations of school youngsters and their parents, the taste for global cultures and global futures indicative of the global ambitions of the young, and the pressures of alumni and other stakeholder interests which must be navigated. Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 529-546 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=085&rid=4814 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804814 Classification-JEL: F54 Keywords: Ornamentalism, Postcolonialism, Elite Schools, Digitalization, Globalizing Circumstances Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tereza Miková Author-Name-First: Tereza Author-Name-Last: Miková Author-Email: tereza.mikova@vse.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague Title: Do IFRS Decrease Earnings Manipulation in European countries? Abstract: The paper investigates the effect of IFRS on earnings management. I analyze whether earnings management reduced after IFRS adoption and use one of earlier studies verified method ?loss avoidance thresholds?. This paper concentrates chosen European countries representatives.I examine sample of 771 companies (9272 firm-year observations) during the years 2000 ? 2013. My results are different in selected countries. Study demonstrates that one set of accounting standards contributes to better reporting quality and reduce pervasiveness of earnings manipulation in France. But in contrast there is no difference supporting lower earnings management after than before IFRS application in Germany and the United Kingdom. Due to my findings, other political and economic factors, such a legal system or strength of capital market, play significant role in entire process to reach higher comparability and transparency cross-border companies? financial statements. Overall, my result suggests that IFRS moderately contribute to accounting quality of reported financial statements and brings benefit for stakeholders but other economic factors are as well irreplaceable. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 547-547 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=086&rid=5070 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805070 Classification-JEL: M41 Keywords: Accounting Standards, Earnings Manipulation, International Financial Reporting Standards, Loss Avoidance, Financial Reporting Quality. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805070 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mohsen Modir Shanechi Author-Name-First: Mohsen Author-Name-Last: Modir Shanechi Author-Email: modir_shanechi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University Title: History of Traditional and Modern High Education in Iran: An Analitical Survey Abstract: History of Traditional and Modern High Education in Iran: An Analytical Survey Mohsen Modir Shanechi, Ph.D. Department of Political Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran AbstractIn this article, after mentioning a brief history of Iranian education and schools from ancient to contemporary times, dispatching students abroad and establishing modern high schools in Qajar era has considered. Then founding Tehran University as the first modern university of Iran, other universities outside Tehran and establishing non- governmental universities as well as academic and educational style of them has studied. Islamic revolution of 1979, cultural revolution, Islamization of educational programs and founding related centers is the later discourse of the article. Finally, establishing Azad University as a great non- governmental university and its status is considered. The article ends in mentioning the role and function of Iranian high educational institutions in cultural and social development of the country Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 548-548 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=087&rid=4774 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804774 Classification-JEL: I23, I23, I20 Keywords: high education, ancient universities, modern universities Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804774 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Izyan Ayuni Mohamad Selamat Author-Name-First: Izyan Ayuni Author-Name-Last: Mohamad Selamat Author-Email: izyan@ums.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Author-Name: Shahida Mohd Sharif Author-Name-First: Shahida Author-Name-Last: Mohd Sharif Author-Email: shahida@ums.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Title: An Integration of Sustainable Design Strategies and Environmental Stewardship to Landscape Development Plan for the Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture Abstract: Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture (FSA) is gearing towards the ?Eco Campus? movement which is in line with the university focus to foster sustainable practices in the campus. The lack of landscape elements and facilities in the newly established campus has inspired a landscape development plan equipped with sustainable strategies initiatives for multifunctional uses. Located in the city of Sandakan, the campus was established in 2011 and currently undergoing intensive infrastructure development for teaching and learning purposes. The strategies correspond to the challenges faced by the campus in terms of its rough microclimate and the deterioration of soil condition which could severely affect future landscape implementation if meticulous planning is overlooked. The strategies acknowledge the importance of engaging the stakeholders of the campus; especially the students and staff to create a multifunctional, adaptive, and resilient landscape plan. This is important to encourage more outdoor spaces utilisation and social interaction among community members. The future landscape-related development projects are envisioned to implement the strategies to reflect Universiti Malaysia Sabah ?EcoCampus? aspiration. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 549-549 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=088&rid=5080 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805080 Classification-JEL: Q01, O29 Keywords: sustainable practices, landscape development plan, universities, sustainable strategies Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805080 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Shahida Mohd Sharif Author-Name-First: Shahida Author-Name-Last: Mohd Sharif Author-Email: shahida@ums.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Author-Name: Izyan Ayuni Mohamad Selamat Author-Name-First: Izyan Ayuni Author-Name-Last: Mohamad Selamat Author-Email: izyan@ums.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Author-Name: Siti Nurulhidayah Zakaria Author-Name-First: Siti Nurulhidayah Author-Name-Last: Zakaria Author-Email: snhzakaria@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Malaysia Sabah Title: Reconnection Strategies of Physical Landscape: A Case Study in the Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture Abstract: The Landscape Development Plan of the Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture (FSA) aims to adopt the sustainable design strategies and environmental stewardship which can initiate reconnection with nature as well as to improve the well-being of its community. A pilot study was conducted at the faculty?s farm administration building to evaluate the foundation towards the formulation of a landscape design featuring reconnection of the major systems of physical landscape; air, water and land. Application of sustainable landscape design strategies were pre-tested on the campus ground which include soil amelioration, rainwater harvesting and selection of drought-tolerant plants. The farm administration building was chosen as it is frequently visited by the faculty members and visitors. It reflects the faculty?s aim to demonstrate to the wider public the application of sustainable practices as well as to encourage collaborative monitoring and maintenance of the landscape. The envisioned design is in response to the opportunities and ideas to improvise functionality and aesthetic appeal of the site. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 550-550 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=089&rid=5082 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805082 Classification-JEL: O29, Q01 Keywords: sustainable design strategies, reconnection with nature, physical landscape Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Seyednematollah Moosavi Author-Name-First: Seyednematollah Author-Name-Last: Moosavi Author-Email: Mousavi_sn@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics,Marvdasht Branch,Islamic Azad University ,Marvdasht,Iran Title: Determinants of Intensity Energy Economics in Iranian Agricultural Sector Abstract: This study aims at examining energy intensity determinants in agriculture sector. To get this aim data for 1974-2012 were applied. Factors affecting energy intensity in agriculture sector are per capita GDP, energy price, labor per capita capital and capital growth. Energy intensity also was decomposed into energy use efficiency index and structural change index. The results showed that energy efficiency index in agriculture is mostly affected by capital-labor ratio and energy real price but per capita GDP and capital growth failed to affect it significantly. While capital growth and per capita GDP showed a significant role in structural changes specification. In general, the results revealed that most of energy intensity changes in agriculture is realized via energy efficiency changes. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 551-551 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=090&rid=5088 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805088 Classification-JEL: O13, Q48, Q49 Keywords: Energy intensity, Agricultural sector, Iran Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805088 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oya Morva Author-Name-First: Oya Author-Name-Last: Morva Author-Email: oyamorva@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Istanbul University Title: The Jewish Minority in Turkey at the Cultural Turn of Citizenship: An Analysis Based on the Editorials in the Jewish Newspaper ?alom Abstract: The usage of two oxymoronic words, citizenship and culture, together in political discourse is one of the most remarkable developments in recent socio-political thought. It indicates that the conventional understanding of citizenship ? a nation state?s citizenship- which remains one dimensional and inadequate in explaining contemporary citizenship practices, has left its place to cultural citizenship. The new concept of citizenship embraces cultural flexibility, and the reproduction of cultural, linguistic and class knowledge that build the cultural capital of social classes; it demands rights which preclude social injustice and alienation among ethnic or marginal groups of society. Cultural citizenship takes into consideration the components of citizenship besides the rights and duties, such as identity, belonging, participation etc. It (cultural citizenship) questions the main promise of citizenship, the equality, and suggests dealing with it from the perspective of the subcultures.Departing from this theoretical framework, this paper aims to analyse how the Turkish Jewish population experiences cultural citizenship in Turkey. Accepting the idea that the perception of citizenship practices are reflected from/through discourse; the Jewish minority?s newspaper ?alom has been chosen as the source of material for analysis. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 552-562 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=091&rid=4749 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804749 Classification-JEL: Keywords: subcultures, cultural citizenship, cultural flexibility, Turkish Jewish minority, ?alom Newspaper. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mir Hossein Mousavi Author-Name-First: Mir Hossein Author-Name-Last: Mousavi Author-Email: hmousavi@alzahra.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: Alzahra University Title: An Estimation of Natural Gas Demand in Household Sector of Iran; the Structural Time Series Approach Abstract: Natural gas is one of the most important energy for household sector in entire the world. Iran has rich gas reserves and after Russia, Iran has the largest natural gas reserves in entire the world. A study of natural gas demand is very important and crucial for policy makers of energy sources in Iran. With a good estimation of natural gas demand as a result a good forecasting of natural gas demand, policy makers of energy sources can to plan an accurate energy planning. The aim of this paper is analyzing the effective factors on natural gas demand in household sector of Iran. For do it, we have used structural time series method with Kalman Filter algorithm during 1974-2010 period. Results indicate that time trend as a proxy for technology and non-economic factors is non-linear process and the elasticity of demand to price of natural gas is -0.50. Also, the elasticity of natural gas demand to price of electricity as a substitute commodity for natural gas is 0.48. The elasticity of gas demand to gas splits and real GDP per capita is 2.37 and 0.72 respectively. Conclusion: The elasticity of demand to price of natural gas is -0.50 that it shows that natural gas is an essential commodity for household sector in Iran. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 563-575 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=092&rid=4383 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804383 Classification-JEL: Q41, C19, D19 Keywords: Gas Demand, Household Sector, Structural Time Series, Kalman Filter Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Norman Mudor Author-Name-First: Norman Author-Name-Last: Mudor Author-Email: norman_yla@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Medical Education Center, Yala Hospital Author-Name: Adhhiyah Mudor Author-Name-First: Adhhiyah Author-Name-Last: Mudor Author-Email: mamayah_yala@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Sirindhorn College of Public Health Yala Title: Stress among Medical Students in the Deep South of Thailand Abstract: Medicine has been widely known as a high stress profession and medical school is often where stress begins. Identifying the common stressors among the medical students in our Medical Education Center, would help the supervisors to develop the suitable curriculum structure. This study aims to investigate the perceived sources of stress among 4th and 5th year medical student at Medical Education Center, Yala Hospital, Thailand, and to compare if the student with different gender, religion and study year perceives the source of stress differently. A descriptive cross sectional quantitative study was conducted using a 40 items self administered questionnaire adapted from the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ). The determinants are gender, religion and the study year. T-test was used for analyzing the difference in group. A 92.73% response rate was obtained. The results indicated that falling behind in reading schedule, test and examination, large amount of content to be learnt, national test exam, and lack of time to review what have been learnt were the first five commonest stressors for students. Interestingly, the Muslim students had significantly higher total stress scores than Buddhist students, and the fifth year students had significantly higher stress than the fourth year students. In contrast, gender did not associated with the total stress scores. Medical instructor should design and develop a curriculum structure which is enhancing the student?s well being and focus on academic and clinical performance for producing graduates with a positive professional attitude. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 576-581 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=093&rid=3508 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803508 Classification-JEL: Keywords: stress, the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire, medical student. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ratchanee Mukhjang Author-Name-First: Ratchanee Author-Name-Last: Mukhjang Author-Email: ratchaneem@nu.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Naresuan University Title: A Comparison of Agricultural Cooperatives in Thailand and China Abstract: A cooperative is one of the crucial mechanism for the development of many countries since they have strong ties to local communities including Thailand and China. There are a lot of research reports related to agricultural cooperatives in Thailand and China but there are very few studies focusing on a comparison of the agricultural cooperatives in China. The main objective of this paper is to study on a comparison of agricultural cooperatives in both Thailand and China by using the institutional perspective. It was shown that the agricultural cooperatives were the major financial sources for farmers. Furthermore, they paid a leading part in the provision of goods, services, products processing respectivelyThe new institutional economics perspective explained that institutional factors influenced organizational evolution while the historic path has been affected by the interaction between institutions and organizations. The major obstacles to achieving the goal of the cooperatives in Thailand are as follows 1) limitation of knowledge and understanding about the cooperative 2) lack of linkage for mutual cooperation 3) absence organization directly taking the role in harmonizing the information technology development system 4) inadequate role of the Cooperative League of Thailand. Currently, the agricultural cooperatives was challenging by changes in various external and internal environment. To be sustainable in that situation, they must adjust their structures and business activities. In China, the agricultural marketing cooperatives has expanded rapidly in the 1990s. Additionally, the Cooperative National law on farmer professional cooperatives 2007 enhanced the expansion of the enterprises. It is believed that it could tie many small farmers with traders, retailers, as well as commercial premises. As a result, the cooperatives may contribute to the market development . More interestingly, it could enrich the supply chain. Even though, the State support is very important in the establishment of cooperatives, China apply a different model to initiate a cooperative. Particularly, the newly established cooperative must employ at least one member with huge experience. For example, he or she could access to funding sources and has plenty of social capital. The significant recommendation of the study is to learn more about the alternative model of establishing agricultural cooperatives from China. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 582-582 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=094&rid=5353 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805353 Classification-JEL: A14 Keywords: agricultural cooperatives, new institutional economics, alternative model Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Fadia Nasser-Abu Alhija Author-Name-First: Fadia Author-Name-Last: Nasser-Abu Alhija Author-Email: fadia@post.tau.ac.il Author-Workplace-Name: Tel Aviv University Title: TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: GOOD TEACHING TROUGH STUDENTS' LENS Abstract: Effective or quality teaching is considered as essential for student learning, academic attainment, and contribution to society. Much of the research on university teaching has been devoted to investigating faculty views of regarding quality teaching, outstanding teachers and students' satisfaction. In order to translate findings regarding student satisfaction to actions for advancing quality teaching, it is crucial to learn about students' perceptions of quality teaching. In other words, issues related to major components of quality teaching and thinks that teachers should do in order to excel still to be addressed. An internet survey was forwarded during the year 2014 to students in all higher education institutions in Israel. The sample included 2475 participants who are distributed by gender, age, type of higher education institution, field of study, type of degree and year of study. A two-part internet survey was used. The first part included questions concerning students' personal and academic background variables (gender, age, higher education institution, field of study, degree, and year of study). The second part included 29 items referring to six dimensions of quality teaching: intellectually challenging teaching, advancing non-academic skills, fostering creative thinking, constructive relations with students, clear instruction, and valid and reliable assessment. Reliability coefficients (Cronbach's ?) are .61-.82. Students perceive clear and well-organized teaching and valid and reliable assessment methods as most important dimensions of quality teaching (M=4.45 and M=4.40; respectively). The perceived importance of the other dimensions in descending order: Advancing students' creative thinking (M=4.26); advancing constructive relations with students (M=4.18); Provoking intellectual challenge (M=4.09); and advancing non-academic skills (M=3.79). Results from MANOVA revealed significant gender differences whereby women perceived all dimensions as more important than men do. Furthermore, students in humanities ascribe significantly greater importance to five of the six dimensions of teaching quality, compared to their peers in other fields of study. Students from all fields of study assign similar [low] importance to advancing non-academic skills. The effects of the other personal and academic variables were less prominent. The findings from the current study suggest that students do not always concur on their perceptions regarding the components of good teaching. The fact that gender and field of study affect students' perception of quality teaching can be interpreted as providing evidence against a uniform policy model for advancement of teaching quality in higher education institutions in Israel, and maybe worldwide. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 583-583 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=095&rid=5296 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805296 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Good teaching, higher education, students' perceptions, teaching dimensions Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SERDAR NESL?HANO?LU Author-Name-First: SERDAR Author-Name-Last: NESL?HANO?LU Author-Email: snes1982@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Title: Time-varying Multivariate Extension of the Linear Market Model for Developed and Emerging Markets Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Linear Market Model (consistent with the Two-moment CAPM) which permits beta risk. This evaluation leads to our positing two extensions. The first extension is a time-varying Linear Market Model using state space model which permits for time-varying beta risk. The second is a multivariate extension of the time-varying Linear Market Model permitting the between country stock market correlation structure to be constant over time. The analysis utilises weekly data from several emerging and developed markets for periods both before and after the October 2008 financial crisis. The findings lend great credence to the hypothesis that utilising the multivariate time-varying Linear Market Model is better in terms of in-sample modelling and out-of-sample forecasting procedure for both emerging and developed markets. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 584-584 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=096&rid=5282 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805282 Classification-JEL: C19, C49, C58 Keywords: CAPM, Market model, Time-varying systematic covariance risk, Multivariate state space model, Stock market Integration Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SERDAR NESL?HANO?LU Author-Name-First: SERDAR Author-Name-Last: NESL?HANO?LU Author-Email: snes1982@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Title: Linear and Non-linear Market Model Specifications for Developed and Emerging Markets Abstract: The way various linear and non-linear qualifications of the market model will be compared in this paper in order to appraise the success of the linear market model when it only permits of the constant beta risk parameter?. A number of time-varying market models using state space model are proffered in order to take into consideration the time-varying systematic risk components of co-kurtosis, co-skewness, and beta. This framework's theoretical underpinnings rely Sharpe-Linter-Mossin (1960's) proposition that these models should maximize the investors' expected utility. This paper analyses weekly data from the stock indices of several emerging and developed markets from 2002 to 2012. The findings suggest that time-varying market model approaches, which surpass linear market model qualifications both in terms of in-sample modelling and out-of-sample forecasting procedure for both emerging and developed stock markets, should be favoured. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 585-585 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=097&rid=5281 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805281 Classification-JEL: C19, C58, C49 Keywords: CAPM, Higher moments, Quadratic and Cubic market models, State Space model, Systematic risk measures Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Codrin-Florentin Nisioiu Author-Name-First: Codrin-Florentin Author-Name-Last: Nisioiu Author-Email: codrin.nisioiu@ie.ase.ro Author-Workplace-Name: Bucharest University of Economic Studies Title: Methodology for improving Romanian Linked Open Government Data ecosystem Abstract: Open Government Data (OGD) is seen as an enabler for Open Government. Open Data usually refers to public records that can be used and redistributed by anyone. Linked Open Government Data (LOGD) is a way of identifying, linking and accessing OGD Data. In the LOGD ecosystem, public administrations are data providers that provide Open Government Data as an online LOGD service to data consumers ? citizens, businesses and other public administrations. The article is divided in 2 sections. The first section is describing the Linked Open Government Data ecosystem, the second section propose a methodology for a coherent Romanian Linked Open Government Data Ecosystem. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 586-586 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=098&rid=5358 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805358 Classification-JEL: M15, C89 Keywords: Linked Open Government Data, Romanian Linked Open Government Data ecosystem, methodology Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bajrawan NUCHPRAYOOL Author-Name-First: Bajrawan Author-Name-Last: NUCHPRAYOOL Author-Email: nuchprayool@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Law, National Institute of Development Administration Title: A Comparative Legal Analysis on Public-Private Partnerships regarding ASEAN community Abstract: Since the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), there have continuous developments, especially the strengthening of cooperation between member countries in the development of measures to provide public services. Providing infrastructures that give citizens quality living standards and satisfaction in the country is a significant commitment that member countries are obliged to embrace. However, governments may not be able to provide all necessary public services due to limitations in technology, professional resources, and budgets. Accordingly, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are key. With professional management plans, skilled resources, and advanced technology, these partnerships benefit the government by controlling budgets. Moreover, promoting PPPs stimulates economic growth, resulting in a strong commitment between public and private sectors to developing the country.However, at present, the PPPs of ASEAN member countries are variable since the investment policies of each country may be vague or designed to address unique conditions, as described in ?Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity? (MPAC). Accordingly, requirements set by member countries should be standardized and their legal processes clarified so that private sectors can evaluate the efficiency of an investment and engage with the government's plan confidently. Doing so will enhance economic growth and become part of the sustainable development of ASEAN member countries. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 587-594 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=099&rid=4978 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804978 Classification-JEL: K23, K40, L33 Keywords: Public-Private Partnership (PPP), public services, infrastructures, ASEAN community, sustainable development; Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804978 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Roselyne Okech Author-Name-First: Roselyne Author-Name-Last: Okech Author-Email: Rnokech@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Grenfell Campus, Memorial University Title: The Impact of Wine Tourism Business: Case Study of Newfoundland Wineries Abstract: Wine tourism has been defined as the visiting of vineyards and wineries where wine tasting and purchase of the wines are the main purpose of the visit. Over the past quarter-century, Canadian vintners have increased their production of high-quality wines. Although Canada is not a major wine producer by global standards, the industry has evolved into a niche maker of internationally-respected ice wines and late harvest wines due to cool-climate influences. The study of wine tourism and their management offers many opportunities to reflect on the importance of sustainability and the possibilities of implementing new tourism approaches in a new direction in the province. Newfoundland province has only two wineries and could be a major player in this type of tourism. However, literature of wine tourism in the province is lacking even though the results in this study reveal there is sufficient interest and knowledge of wine tourism industry. Hence, this research has attempted to conceptualize the growth of wine tourism products, experiences, impacts and their management in the Newfoundland region. The research which adopts both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative approaches (interviews and participatory approaches) examines the potential impact of wine tourism in Newfoundland and how wine tourism is being managed based on the two distinct case studies in the Province. The findings of this research therefore have implications for wine tourism development and promotion in the Province, in Canada and internationally. As with all research, this study had some limitations which will serve to identify and future research needed. Since the data was collected through purposive sampling approach, it would be suggested that any generalizability beyond this context of study be used with caution. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 595-604 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=100&rid=4655 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804655 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Canada, Impact, Newfoundland, Tourism, Wine Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Lawal Olawale Author-Name-First: Lawal Author-Name-Last: Olawale Author-Email: olawale_lawal@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Lagos State University Title: The International Criminal Court and the National Judicial System in African States: Analysis of the Failsafe Judicial Mechanism Abstract: The International Criminal Court (ICC) has opened investigations into eight cases and all of them are in Africa, thus fuelling the view that the Court is established to prosecute serious crimes in weak and developing states. Academic explanations too seem to support the assertion that the Court is targeting Africa and Africans albeit, inappropriately. This work investigates the factors which make the Court more effective in Africa than elsewhere and most potent being that national judicial systems in African states have been compromised by the perpetrators of the crimes under the jurisdiction of the ICC. More critical is the fact that the Court does not trump a vibrant national judicial system. This study links the preponderance of the ICC in Africa directly to the political system which produces incidences of genocide, crime against humanity, war crimes and failure of the national judicial system to investigate and prosecute these crimes. The conclusion of this work is that the ICC is a failsafe justice mechanism which holds that states have primary responsibility to investigate and prosecute Rome Statute crimes. This failure in African states explains the presence of the ICC rather than the theoretical deflections. This study is also causal comparative relating to the views of African leaders and citizens of the ICC operations. It interrogates whose interest the ICC serves, western world or justice? Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 605-622 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=101&rid=4837 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804837 Classification-JEL: F53 Keywords: ICC, Justice, Crimes, Africa Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SONIA OMER Author-Name-First: SONIA Author-Name-Last: OMER Author-Email: soniaomer78@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB,LAHORE Title: Acid Attacks on Rise in Pakistan: Socio-psychological impact and consequences Abstract: Women all over the world have been striving hard for their rights since long. In today?s modern world, the status of women doesn't yet depict a very positive picture, specifically in under-developed countries like Pakistan. Here gender discrimination is a serious concern and unfortunately with each passing day, despite of some efforts from government and non-governmental organizations, women in Pakistan are still deprived of their basic human rights. The incidents of acid throwing?s in the name of honor, not only bringing depraved and bad name for a country globally but it shows the existence of barbarism in a country where weak social values and poor legal system has added troubles for women. The current study has been conducted on one of the very serious issue that is acid throwing on women in Pakistan. The study has highlighted the issue in terms of knowing the actual causes behind these brutal acts specifically it has focused on social and psychological impacts on the respondent after this incident. Eight in-depth interviews have been conducted by using case study method with the help of purposive sampling method in this qualitative study. The study found poverty, drug addiction, gender discrimination, illiteracy and old traditions and values that are harmful to society as one of the common factor behind all the cases. The attempt of acid throwing were made by the near relatives of the respondents, mostly in the state of drug addiction .Honor killing was one of the prime finding of the study where women had been dragged to near death. The misinterpretation of the Islamic religious teachings related to women was also found in most of the cases. Serious depression and post incident trauma was reported as an outcome of the attacks by husband and families. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 623-623 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=102&rid=4400 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804400 Classification-JEL: I30 Keywords: acid attacks,gender discrimination,socio-psychological impacts. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: BERNARD KWEKU NYARKO OPPONG Author-Name-First: BERNARD KWEKU NYARKO Author-Name-Last: OPPONG Author-Email: dodjisbusiness@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: KOFORIDUA POLYTECHNIC Author-Name: DENNIS KWATIA AMOAKO Author-Name-First: DENNIS KWATIA Author-Name-Last: AMOAKO Author-Email: kekoemavolu@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: KOFORIDUA POLYTECHNIC Author-Name: RICHMOND KWEKU FREMPONG Author-Name-First: RICHMOND KWEKU Author-Name-Last: FREMPONG Author-Email: richmond.frempong@koforiduapoly.edu.gh Author-Workplace-Name: KOFORIDUA POLYTECHNIC Author-Name: EMMANUEL YAO BEDI Author-Name-First: EMMANUEL YAO Author-Name-Last: BEDI Author-Email: emmabedi@yahoo.co.uk Author-Workplace-Name: FOUNTAIN MISSION INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Title: SIM (SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE) BANKING Abstract: ABSTRACT As mobile networks are upgraded with technologies like WAP, GPRS and UMTS to deliver next-generation multimedia services, so are the banks and other financial institutions also getting ready to unleash the financial products on the mobile platform to meet growing demand for mobile based application services? Hence the onset of Unstructured Supplementary Services (USSD) Banking which would make banking services available at anywhere, anytime through a string of interactive SMS sessions between a mobile device and an application server of a service provider. The aim of this studies was to find out whether the public will accept the sim banking service when it is implemented.Our target group includes: Working class. E.g. Businessmen/women, office workers, fishermen, market women, teachers etc. Nonworking class. E.g. Students (Tertiary, Senior High School), housewives. etc.The survey was in the form of a questionnaire and a verbal interview (video) which was to investigate their idea about the current banking system and the yet to be introduced sim banking concept. Meanwhile, some challenges accompanied the progression of data gathering because some populace showed reluctance in freeing their information. One other suggestion was that Government should put measures against foremost challenges obstructing sim banking in Ghana counter to computers hackers.Government and individual have a key role to undertake to give suitable support to facelift the sim banking industry in the country. It was also suggested that Government put strong regulations on the use of sim banking products and services to streamline all the activities and also create awareness of the need for sim banking and emphasize its relevance in the aspect of national GDP. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 624-624 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=103&rid=4833 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804833 Classification-JEL: Keywords: BankingSim BankingSim Banking in Ghana Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804833 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Elmira Orazaliyeva Author-Name-First: Elmira Author-Name-Last: Orazaliyeva Author-Email: elmira.orazaliyeva@nu.edu.kz Author-Workplace-Name: Nazarbayev University Author-Name: Fauziya Orazbayeva Author-Name-First: Fauziya Author-Name-Last: Orazbayeva Author-Email: f_orazbayeva@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay Title: Issues of Sociolinguistics: the principles of language policy in Kazakhstan. Abstract: Language policy is a protection of each language rights and a presence of aspirations of the people, who want to save their roots. The legal basis of a language policy as a main condition of a language construction helps to save a proportion between an official language and others. There is a possibility to regulate major communication areas with a real situation in the global world. We have two sides of this decision: firstly, it is necessary to emphasize on national identity and, secondly, you have to be a member of global society. You might match these two aspects of modern existence with the help of some rules, which are subjects of a justice system.For example, as we know, the main significant document in Kazakhstan is Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Article 7 mentioned: ĞThe state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazak languageğ (Constitution 1995). Also, the language policy of Kazakhstan is regulated by ĞLaw of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Languagesğ. This document was prepared in 1997 and noticed that ĞThe state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language. The state language shall be the language for state management, legislation, legal proceedings and office work, functioning in all spheres of social relations in the entire territory of the state. The duty of each citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be mastering of the state language, being the major factor in consolidating the people of Kazakhstanğ (Law 1997). Kazakhstan also has the special state program for developing languages named ĞThe State Program for developing and function the languages in The Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010 ? 2020 yearsğ. It includes the ten years of realization. It focuses on quality analysis and processes of deep immersion, like the special periods of realization, involving quality indicators.Sociolinguistics creates the general aspects of the deep connection between society, language and justice. More specifically, it includes the problems of language rights, equal opportunity and language use in different countries with different advocated systems. The legal basis of the language construction based on the social and political evidence with national priority, and, of course, ideological mechanism. In a world of deep connections, it is important to search all opportunities and realities of each language. Moreover, we need to observe the probability of interactions in language relationships. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 625-625 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=104&rid=4943 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804943 Classification-JEL: O29, C18 Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Language policy, language construction Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804943 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Nejat ÖZÜPEK Author-Name-First: Mehmet Nejat Author-Name-Last: ÖZÜPEK Author-Email: nejatozupek@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Faculty of Communication Author-Name: Murat KOÇY???T Author-Name-First: Murat Author-Name-Last: KOÇY???T Author-Email: mkocyigit@konya.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Tourism Author-Name: Murat ERDO?DU Author-Name-First: Murat Author-Name-Last: ERDO?DU Author-Email: muraterdogdu06@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Tourism Title: Measurement of the Relationship Between Service Quality and Brand Loyalty with Structural Equation Modeling: A Research on Users of Smartphone Brands Abstract: In today's rapidly changing and differentiating competitive environment, brands operating in smart phone industry must change, renew and improve service quality constantly to be able to respond immediately to changing customer expectations each passing day. Nowadays, criteria such as the quality of the manufactured product or service, customer satisfaction, trust in brand, brand loyalty and contribution to society have replaced the conventional performance indicators showing market share and profit levels of brands. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of service quality to brand loyalty. In this context, a conceptual model was created in order to determine the impact of quality of service on brand loyalty through Structural Equation Model (SEM). The relationship between the variables in the model was tested by using data of the surveys applied to 353 Smartphone users and hypotheses put forward theoretically were examined. In addition, frequency analysis, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Models applications were used in the analysis of research. In the model put forward theoretically, quality of service affects brand loyalty in a general integrity. Also, the hypotheses that service quality has a direct impact on perceived quality and customer satisfaction, perceived quality and customer satisfaction has a direct impact on trust and also trust has a direct impact on the brand loyalty are supported. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 626-626 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=105&rid=4912 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804912 Classification-JEL: M30, M31, M37 Keywords: Service Quality, Brand Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction, Perceived Quality, Trust Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mosayeb Pahlavani Author-Name-First: Mosayeb Author-Name-Last: Pahlavani Author-Email: pahlavani@eco.usb.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: University of Sistan and Baluchestan Author-Name: Mandana Zanganeh Soroush Author-Name-First: Mandana Author-Name-Last: Zanganeh Soroush Author-Email: mzs2254@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Sistan and Baluchestan Title: Evaluattion the Impacts of Market Orientation on Export Efficiency of lateral Industries of Fishery Sector through Structural Equation Modeling Abstract: Different studies around the world show that market orientation positively affects the export efficiency of organizations. Market orientation and its influence on export efficiency are the important subjects of marketing management. If an organization has the ability to understand needs of consumers better as well as competitors activities and influential factors on market condition and then spread these information in all of the organizational levels so as a result it has more ability for survival in competitive market. But it was not highly considered in different export organizations in Iran so the objective of this research is evaluation the relationship between market orientation and export efficiency in lateral industries of fishery sector. The nature of this research is descriptive. Fishery sector has been used for this study. Lisrel software is employed to analysis the data and estimate the theoretical model. Our empirical results show that there is a positive relationship between market orientation and export efficiency of these industries. Market intelligence has the most impact on market orientation and market dominant has the most impact on export performance in studied industries. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 627-627 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=106&rid=4971 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804971 Classification-JEL: C13, C22, G14 Keywords: Market Orientation, Export Efficiency, Lisrel, Fishery sector, Structural Equation Model Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804971 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mosayeb Pahlavani Author-Name-First: Mosayeb Author-Name-Last: Pahlavani Author-Email: pahlavani@eco.usb.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: University of Sistan and Baluchestan Title: Volatilities of Investment in Human Capital on Iran?s Economic Growth: A Bound Testing approach and GARCH Mod Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of "volatility" of investment in human capital on Iran?s economic growth, such that the government expenditure on educational and R & D budget have been replaced as proxies of human capital variable. Volatility of government expenditure on education and volatility in research and development budget have been estimated using the Generalize Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) Models. Coefficients of the short term and long term are estimated using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) pattern. The results indicate that the costs of educational and R & D budget have a positive effect on economic growth, but the effect of volatility in these variables on economic growth is negative and significant. More addition, the effect of long term coefficients is more than the short term. Therefore, to achieve a high growth rate, development of human capital and its continuation is essential. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 628-637 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=107&rid=5335 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805335 Classification-JEL: C32, E24, H52 Keywords: Human capital, Volatility, R&D, expenditure on education, Economic growth Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Arthur Pantelides Author-Name-First: Arthur Author-Name-Last: Pantelides Author-Email: arthurp@cox.net Author-Workplace-Name: Sumitomo Drive Technologies Title: Hofstede Vectors: A Visualization Approach to Cultural Factors in the Knowledge Transfer - International Business Team Optimization Model Abstract: There is no universal management style. Managing across diverse cultural teams in this age of diffused, widespread globalization can be a challenge. Diversity, within a workplace represented by multiple time-zones, is the new norm for many companies. With this in mind, there is an increasing need to understand the processes & systems, organizational and managerial mechanisms & styles that contribute to successful internationally-based projects. At the core of such systems and teams is the notion of effective communication, of effective transfer of real meaning leading to real knowledge transfer across international team members and managers. This then is expected to greatly and directly affect the success of global business projects. This fundamental relationship between knowledge transfer and international business project success has been investigated, quantitatively modeled, and results published in an original doctoral dissertation by the author. The foundation of the work was based on research and data gathered from 69 international companies across the US, Europe, and Japan. The original model was further optimized and new results were published and presented in the form of a software-based decision tool which offered greater utility.This paper further expands the original work of the author in two areas. It presents a rigorous system test in the form of verification and validation analysis of the original concept and decision-tool. This is accomplished using specific data from 56 large industrial projects, across 16 countries, involving 5 subsidiaries of a well-known international corporation over a two year period from January 2013 to December 2014. Furthermore and as a subsequent step towards further improvement of utility, the distinct and original concept of ?Hofstede Vectors? is proposed and integrated into the model. The novel concept was established from Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede?s well-known and widely-accepted research establishing his cultural dimensions theory. Hofstede Vectors are presented as a visualization knowledge optimization tool in the knowledge transfer - team culture ? business success relationship triad. After establishing the concept, the paper further presents ways of visualizing the analysis through graphical vector based techniques, and, interpreting quantitative results into practical real-world constructs for optimizing business teams. Utilizing actual project data, the concept is then verified, validated and integrated into the original model. The paper makes contributions on various levels of international business. The newly-established Hofstede Vector concept provides a construct for optimizing knowledge transfer and global business team performance. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 638-639 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=108&rid=4111 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804111 Classification-JEL: L00, O22 Keywords: International business, knowledge transfer, Hofstede-Vector, business teams, corporate culture Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra Perks Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Perks Author-Email: sandra.perks@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Author-Name: Jode May Author-Name-First: Jode Author-Name-Last: May Author-Email: jjmay08@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Title: Change leadership styles and qualities necessary to drive environmental sustainability in South Africa Abstract: Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper was to investigate who should and can act as change leaders in South Africa to affect environmental sustainability. Research design and methodology: A qualitative research paradigm was used, in particular an exploratory and descriptive approach where the aim was to identify who should and can act as change leaders, and to describe their leadership styles and qualities necessary to increase organisational environmental sustainability. Purposive and snowball sampling was utilised. The criteria for inclusion in the sample required that the environmental sustainability leaders interviewed were on a senior environmental management level and actively involved in environmental sustainability issues in the workplace. A final sample of 13 leaders from different sectors, in both the private and public sectors in three provinces; Gauteng, the Western Cape and the Eastern Cape in South Africa, were obtained. Data was collected by conducting face-to-face, email and telephonic interviews and analysed using content analysis and the constant comparison method. Trustworthiness was ensured as the participants were identified through an Internet search and their positions in the organisation could be confirmed on their website. Their environmental sustainability actions were outlined in their annual reports on their websites.Research findings: Most participants chose well-known leadership styles associated with change such as visionary, transformational or charismatic. Change leadership qualities could be related to the personality traits of the participants, relationship- or entrepreneurial orientated. No conclusive evidence was found whether females are a better choice in driving organisational environmental sustainability. Research limitations: The sample was only limited to large South African companies, which are obliged to report on their environmental sustainability actions. Other business forms and smaller organisations were not included in the sample as most of these organisations do not have to report on environmental sustainability actions. Practical implications: When choosing leaders to drive environmental sustainability, leaders that display a change leadership style should be chosen. The change leaders chosen to drive environmental sustainability, should have the desired personality traits, be relationship and entrepreneurial orientated, so to obtain commitment from subordinates. Contribution of paper: This paper contributes towards the body of knowledge with regards to which leadership qualities and styles could be utilised if organisations wish to implement environmental sustainability actions in South Africa or any other country for that matter. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 640-659 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=109&rid=5129 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805129 Classification-JEL: Q56 Keywords: Change leadership; environmental sustainability; Leadership qualities; Leadership stylea Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra Perks Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Perks Author-Email: sandra.perks@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Author-Name: Danie Ferreira Author-Name-First: Danie Author-Name-Last: Ferreira Author-Email: danie@water4ec.co.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropole University Author-Name: Nadine Oosthuizen Author-Name-First: Nadine Author-Name-Last: Oosthuizen Author-Email: nadine.oosthuizen@nmmu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela Metropole University Title: The effects of employment profile on travel motivation and destination attributes in South Africa Abstract: Purpose of the study: This study investigated the effects of employment profile on travel motivation and destination attributes in the South African outbound travel market. Research design and methodology: The study utilised the quantitative research paradigm. A self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed to travellers who have finished high school and have at least travelled once internationally. A response rate of 302 respondents was obtained. A literature review were carried out on the role of motivational forces and destination attributes in attracting tourists to an outbound destination. From the literature review, twenty seven hypotheses were developed to test the relationships between the nine valid and reliable independent motivational forces, destination attributes and the employment profile (independent classification variables). Employment profile was measured in terms of employment status, position in the organisation and income earned. Multiple Analysis of Variance tests determine whether the employment profile of South Africans are influenced by motivational forces and destination choice attributes when choosing an outbound destination choice. Post-hoc Sheffé tests were conducted to determine where the group differences exist in the statistical significant relationships and Cohen D tests to indicate which relationships were of practical significance. Research findings: The MANOVA results reveal six statistical significant relationships between: employment status and physical motivators, stature motivators, events and political issues; position in organisation and events; and income earned and natural attractions. From the post-hoc Sheffé test results, group differences were noted for employment status with regards to events and natural attractions, position in organisation and events, as well as income earned and natural attractions. Taking into consideration these group differences, the Cohen D tests revealed three practical significant results. Research implications: There may be other travel motivators and destination attributes that influence the South African outbound travel market besides those tested. The results of the study was only limited to Nelson Mandela Bay in the Eastern Cape.Practical implications: The results provide advice to travel agents on marketing destinations and indicate which tourism products will appeal to them based on employment status, position in organisation and income earned. Contribution of paper: This paper contributes towards the body of knowledge with regards to outbound destination choices based on employment profile of the potential tourist, which have wider implications than just in the South African context. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 660-674 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=110&rid=5128 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805128 Classification-JEL: M00 Keywords: Travel motivation; destination attributes; outbound travel Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Udesh Pillay Author-Name-First: Udesh Author-Name-Last: Pillay Author-Email: upillay@hsrc.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Human Sciences Reseach Council Title: Are globally competitive 'city regions' developing in South Africa? Formulaic aspirations or new imaginations? Abstract: This paper examines the 'global city region' concept, as it has gained currency in a large and growing contemporary literature on urban agglomeration and economic/locational cluster formation in the large cities of the developed and developing world. Following a review of this literature, the applicability of newly emerging concepts to describe the recent pattern of urban growth in African cities is tested. The discussion then turns to a review of South African cities as they experience various forms of contemporary transition, following which economic profiles of the country's 'big four' urban conurbations are offered. The international literature and the concept of 'global city region' formation is then revisited to assess the extent to which South African cities may be joining the new and recent global city region arrivals in the developing world. The paper concludes that the city that may be South Africa's best 'global' prospect, and that is most likely to approximate 'city region' status, is Johannesburg and, in particular, a spatially-quadrangular tract of land referred to as the 'urban' core of the province of Gauteng. Bibliography. [ASC Leiden abstract] Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 675-675 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=111&rid=5220 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805220 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Global Economic Restructuring, City Regions, Localities Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmet Tu?rul Polat Author-Name-First: Ahmet Tu?rul Author-Name-Last: Polat Author-Email: atpolat@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Title: Visual Quality Assessment in Landscape Architecture Abstract: Landscape is a ?meta-structure of relations between different systems? geomorphologic, ecological, environmental, historical-cultural, aesthetic, socio-economic, territorial that includes all genetic, biological and functional relations among the components of each part of the earth?s surface. The visual quality of landscape is one of the most important factors of the interaction between humans and nature. Its measurement and evaluation is very difficult. The changing structure of the environment effects the user perceptions constantly and improvement of this visual character gains importance to meet human?s aesthetic demands and expectations. The researchers from several disciplines have been making effort for 40 years in order to understand how the visual quality of the landscapes formed and to determine which variables are effective on the visual quality. In this study, the concepts related to visual quality and visual quality assessment approaches were described. By literature studies, Information about the research results of visual quality in landscape architecture was given. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 676-687 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=112&rid=4614 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804614 Classification-JEL: R11, Q50, Z10 Keywords: Environmental Physiology, Landscape Architecture, User Perception, Visual Quality Assessment Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Santidhorn Pooripakdee Author-Name-First: Santidhorn Author-Name-Last: Pooripakdee Author-Email: santidhorn@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Silpakorn University Phetchaburi IT Campus Title: THE MANAGEMENT CONTROL EXERTED BY AMERICAN AND JAPANESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS OPERATING IN THAILAND Abstract: With subsidiaries operating in various countries, MNCs find themselves surrounded by the complexity and cultural diversity that are different from their home countries. MNCs need to develop and choose the appropriate degree of management control to exert on their subsidiaries. The objectives of this research are (1) To study the factors that influence the degree of management control used by MNC headquarters on their subsidiaries in Thailand; (2) To study the degree of management control that American and Japanese MNCs exerted on their subsidiaries in Thailand; (3) To study the variables that influence the effectiveness of both American and Japanese subsidiaries in Thailand; and (4) To study the effect of management control exerted by American and Japanese MNCs on their subsidiary effectiveness. The research uses a survey-based method to examine American and Japanese subsidiaries operating in Thailand. The results indicate that (1) the degree of MNC ownership plays an essential role in determining the degree of each type of control system that the parent company might choose to control its subsidiaries; (2) the Nationality of MNC have influence the degree of control employed over their subsidiaries; (3) Cultural distance also plays as an important role in determining the degree of particular types of control; (4) Decision-making structure influences only the degree of output control used over the subsidiaries, but does not influence the degree of input control. The findings also indicate that American companies use both input control and output control more than do Japanese companies. Regarding the effectiveness of MNC?s subsidiaries, cultural distance is the only contextual factor found to play an important role in achieving the effectiveness of the subsidiary. In addition, the degree of input control used by American and Japanese MNCs over their subsidiaries in Thailand does not play an important role in determining the effectiveness of the subsidiary. On the other hand, output control will influence the subsidiary effectiveness when considered with other contextual factors. In summary, the subsidiaries will achieve high or low effectiveness when the degree of output control used over it are considered or examined with other contextual variables. Length: 21 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 688-708 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=113&rid=5137 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805137 Classification-JEL: M16, F23 Keywords: MNCs, Management Control, Input Control, Output control, Degree of management ownership, Nationality of MNC, Cultural distance, Decision-making structure Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Saksit Rachruk Author-Name-First: Saksit Author-Name-Last: Rachruk Author-Email: dr.saksit24@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Music Silpakorn University Title: Strategy for Potential Development for the Students of Faculty of Music towards Guidelines for Entertainment.. Abstract: The objectives of the research entitled "Strategy for Potential Development for the Students of Faculty of Music towards the Guidelines for Entertainment Industry Implementation" are (1) to study the current situations of the music business; (2) to study the expectations of music and entertainment organizations forward the abilities of graduates finished from the field of music business; (3) to study the factors influencing the guidelines of the potential development for the students of music and entertainment business courses; and (4) to present "strategy for potential development for the students of faculty of music towards the guidelines for entertainment industry implementation" in order to create confidence in strategy applied by experts. The approaches used in the research are both qualitative and quantitative methods, including factor analysis for statistic reference of hypothesis testing and strategic model searching. As surveying the situations and opinion of entertainment and music business group, the researcher found that the graduates with positive work attitude, job loyalty, curiosity and initiatives are required in labor market relevant to entertainment business. In addition, the ability to apply knowledge and skills to their work efficiently, accompanied with a profound understanding in art, business, communication, and marketing, is also needed from the graduates. In-depth interview with executives of record companies and relevant academicians was conducted to analyze the graduates' characteristics required. Factors analysis along with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in "SHARP" strategy. The musical term "SHARP" means raising a half step in pitch, which is the strategic driver for potential development for the students of Faculty of Music towards the guidelines for entertainment and music industry implementation. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 709-717 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=114&rid=5138 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805138 Classification-JEL: I29, L82, L89 Keywords: Entertainment Industry, SHARRP Strategy, Strategy for Potential Development Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tijana Radojevic Author-Name-First: Tijana Author-Name-Last: Radojevic Author-Email: tradojevic@singidunum.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: Singidunum University Author-Name: Marko Sarac Author-Name-First: Marko Author-Name-Last: Sarac Author-Email: msarac@singidunum.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: Singidunum University Author-Name: Dalibor Radovanovic Author-Name-First: Dalibor Author-Name-Last: Radovanovic Author-Email: dradovanovic@singidunum.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: Singidunum University Author-Name: Nemanja Stanisic Author-Name-First: Nemanja Author-Name-Last: Stanisic Author-Email: nstanisic@singidunum.ac.rs Author-Workplace-Name: Singidunum University Title: The advantages of Serbia for Foreign Direct Investments Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explain the advantages of Serbia for foreign direct investment. Nowadays, foreign direct investment represents actual topic, due to Serbia is in transition period last fifteen years, and the influx of foreign direct investment is increasing, especially after the mitigation of global economic crisis. Foreign investments promote basic economic goals: stability, development and sharing of knowledge. With regard to the problem of the extremely high foreign trade deficit and the poor economic performance of Serbia, as well as the lack of financial resources for export growth and economic expansion, foreign investment is the most optimal form of investments in Serbian economy. The results of this study shows that the advantages of Serbia for foreign investments are: favorable geographic location (the heart of South-Eastern Europe), high level of education of the population, most people speak good English and have excellent personal skills, free trade agreements between countries such as Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the country's of North-Eastern Europe, the EFTA states and the EU member states. The conclusions drawn from this study will be greatly beneficial to potential investors who would like to invest in Serbia. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 718-729 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=115&rid=5033 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805033 Classification-JEL: F21, G31, P20 Keywords: foreign direct investments, investments in Serbia, the economic crisis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: R. REYTIER Author-Name-First: R. Author-Name-Last: REYTIER Author-Email: reytier.rafael@orange.fr Author-Workplace-Name: ECE, Graduate School of Engineering, Paris Author-Name: A. Blanes Author-Name-First: A. Author-Name-Last: Blanes Author-Email: blanes@ece.fr Author-Workplace-Name: ECE Graduate School of Engineering, Paris Author-Name: Q. Gaucher Author-Name-First: Q. Author-Name-Last: Gaucher Author-Email: gaucher@ece.fr Author-Workplace-Name: ECE, Graduate School of Engineering, Paris Author-Name: S. Thiam Author-Name-First: S. Author-Name-Last: Thiam Author-Email: sthiam@ece.fr Author-Workplace-Name: ECE, Graduate School of Engineering, Paris Author-Name: P. Debled Author-Name-First: P. Author-Name-Last: Debled Author-Email: debled@ece.fr Author-Workplace-Name: ECE, Graduate School of Engineering, Paris Title: Behavior of Covariance Matrices with Equi-Correlation Approach Abstract: Funds and asset managers are increasingly concerned with quantitative and econometric model in order to apply their portfolio models. The main goal of this publication is to study the behavior and the proportions of a stock portfolio from CAC All-Tradable with these kinds of models and compare the results with the historical approach. A GARCH (1,1) process has been used for modelling each asset volatility and Engle dynamic equi-correlation model to forecast covariance matrices. From a small amount of underlying values, the question is raised whether forecasted covariance matrix is more relevant than traditional variance-covariance matrix in a context of minimum variance portfolio model. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 730-736 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=116&rid=5027 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805027 Classification-JEL: G11, C02, C40 Keywords: Volatility - Correlation ? Equi-Correlation - GARCH (1,1) - Portfolio Selection - Asset Allocation- Covariance Matrix ? Minimum Variance Portfolio. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805027 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hala Sabri Author-Name-First: Hala Author-Name-Last: Sabri Author-Email: habdulqader@uop.edu.jo Author-Workplace-Name: Universtiy of Petra Title: Designing the Structure in similar Cultures: A comparative study between Japan and Jordan Abstract: As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural similarities between nations might lead businesses to matched structures arise an important issue. Hence, this study aims to examine the structure of Jordanian and Japanese companies on subjective cultural and the objective structural characteristics. The cultural characteristics of Jordan and Japan were established on their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations, and the structural characteristics were established on the locus of decision making and the degree of structuring of activities. The sample comprised of twelve companies each from Jordan and Japan matched in size, dependence and operation technology. Data of the Jordanian companies were collected through structured interviews and data of Japanese companies were derived from Azumi and McMillan?s study (1975) that used the same instrument of measurement. The analysis revealed that on the cultural dimensions a ?full bureaucracy? is a preferred structure in Jordan and Japan because it fits the desired ?pyramid form? in the minds of Jordanian and Japanese managers, but on the structural dimensions, results revealed that companies in Jordan and Japan are designed in a ?personnel bureaucracy? form of structure. The results have implications for further research in cross-cultural comparative management. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 737-737 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=117&rid=4519 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804519 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Culture, Organizational Structure, Japan, Jordan Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stavros Sakellariou Author-Name-First: Stavros Author-Name-Last: Sakellariou Author-Email: stasakel@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Olga Christopoulou Author-Name-First: Olga Author-Name-Last: Christopoulou Author-Email: ochris@prd.uth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Fani Samara Author-Name-First: Fani Author-Name-Last: Samara Author-Email: fanisamara@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Stergios Tampekis Author-Name-First: Stergios Author-Name-Last: Tampekis Author-Email: stampeki@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Athanassios Sfougaris Author-Name-First: Athanassios Author-Name-Last: Sfougaris Author-Email: asfoug@agr.uth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Aristotelis - Kosmas Doukas Author-Name-First: Aristotelis - Kosmas Author-Name-Last: Doukas Author-Email: adoucas@for.auth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Author-Name: Dirk Jaeger Author-Name-First: Dirk Author-Name-Last: Jaeger Author-Email: dirk.jaeger@foresteng.uni-freiburg.de Author-Workplace-Name: University of Freiburg Author-Name: Vassilios Drossos Author-Name-First: Vassilios Author-Name-Last: Drossos Author-Email: vdrosos@fmenr.duth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Environment Management and Natural Resources, Demokritio University of Thrace Author-Name: Konstantinos Soutsas Author-Name-First: Konstantinos Author-Name-Last: Soutsas Author-Email: soutsas@fmenr.duth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Environment Management and Natural Resources, Demokritio University of Thrace Author-Name: Evaggelos Karagiannis Author-Name-First: Evaggelos Author-Name-Last: Karagiannis Author-Email: eakarag@for.auth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Author-Name: George Tsantopoulos Author-Name-First: George Author-Name-Last: Tsantopoulos Author-Email: tsantopo@fmenr.duth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Environment Management and Natural Resources, Demokritio University of Thrace Author-Name: Anna - Maria Ntarladima Author-Name-First: Anna - Maria Author-Name-Last: Ntarladima Author-Email: stasakel@uth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Ioannis Sfoungaris Author-Name-First: Ioannis Author-Name-Last: Sfoungaris Author-Email: iosfoungaris@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly Title: Survey for the strategic and operational preparedness and tactics of fire agencies in a small Greek island Abstract: Forest fires consist one of the greatest hazards for the viability and sustainable development of forests with implications both on natural and cultural environment, affecting the economy and the quality of life of local population. The outbreaks of forest fires could stem from either natural (thunders) or anthropogenic causes (carelessness, accidents, arsons). The latter usually compose the greatest percentage of ignition of forest fires especially at the Mediterranean regions.Primary aim of the paper is the exploration of strategic and operational preparedness and tactics of fire agencies in a small Greek island. Case study is the island of Thasos, which is located in the north of Greece. The prevention and effective confrontation of natural catastrophes such as forest fires constitutes high priority for the integrated protection as well as the sustainable development of such susceptible ecosystems. The purpose of the study is the overall enhancement and improvement of prevention; timely and powerful suppression and generally the rational confrontation of forest fires, adapted to the indigenous peculiarities of the insular environment, through knowledge and operational gaps that will be resulted from the current survey.The ongoing research consists of a survey (through questionnaires) by exploring the perspectives and knowledge basis of agencies responsible for preventing and containing forest fires (forest service, civil protection secretary of municipality of Thasos, local Fire Service) on specific issues such as coordination issues; economic data and information; possible ignition causes; necessary precautions and activities for effective prevention and timely suppression and the corresponding difficulties; quantity and quality of fire machinery and human resources involved to the fire confrontation. All above could be integrated into a unique study so that we may develop a comprehensive Decision Support System for the island. Finally, it should be highlighted that neither the prevention nor the suppression agency staff have been aware about the existence and significance - contribution of Decision Support Systems to the natural catastrophes (like forest fires) management and containment. Hence, there is fertile ground and a unique opportunity is presented in practicing contemporary Decision Support Systems into Thasos island, assisting and educating actively the fire personnel to the usage of such state-of-the-art systems. Thus, the added value of this project is considered of vital importance for educational, preventative and operational reasons before and during forest fires. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 738-745 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=118&rid=5376 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805376 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Survey, operational preparedness and tactics, fire agencies, island, Thasos Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hina Saleem Author-Name-First: Hina Author-Name-Last: Saleem Author-Email: misssaleem9@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Business & Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Title: THE ROLE OF MENTORING FUNCTIONS IN EMPLOYEES' CAREER GROWTH IN PAKISTAN'S BANKING SECTOR Abstract: The present study primarily investigated the role of mentoring for its effect on employee career growth. In this study descriptive research design was used and a quantitative research was conducted. The sample of this study was selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to the employees of banking sector of Lahore, Pakistan. Moreover, research finding revealed that mentoring has a positive effect on employee career growth in the studied sector. Among the three mentoring functions, career functions play a vital role for providing career growth opportunities to the employees working in banks. Employee turnover intention could be reduced by providing mentoring to them. The current research also revealed that the role of mentoring program resulted significant increase in employees? job performance which consequently made them more committed and satisfied with their jobs. In the light of current research findings, it is recommended that banks managers should know the important benefits of mentoring, as it has considerable effect on the career growth of employees. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 746-746 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=119&rid=4454 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804454 Classification-JEL: M10, M10 Keywords: Mentoring, Employee career growth, Career functions, Psychosocial functions, Turnover intention, Job satisfaction, Banking sector of Lahore, Pakistan Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: seyed Ali salehi Ghalehsafid Author-Name-First: seyed Ali Author-Name-Last: salehi Ghalehsafid Author-Email: rainerbox@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: bazargani salehi Author-Name: sahar ghajavand Author-Name-First: sahar Author-Name-Last: ghajavand Author-Email: sahar.angelbox@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: tanabe naghshe jahan sepahan Title: An Applicable program for Documentation of the Expert?s Experiences in our organization Abstract: These days one of the main concerns of organizations is the issue of high experienced managers and experts who are transfering from their company imposes a big loss on organization. while effective performance of an organization in a competitive situation depends highly on awareness of past mistakes and learning from them .Documenting intangible experience of the expert paves the way for organizational learning and consequently better performance of organization. In order to acquisition, documentation and codification, transfer, share and use of the organizational experience, we need to have a suitable and practical model with high validity. This article offers a practical framework to gain and document knowledge from experience of the experts in the organizations. This model has experimentally been used by institute for international energy studies (IIES) for acquisition and documenting experience of 45 experts and managers of Islamic Republic of Iran?s petroleum industry and necessary modifications of the model have been done based on obtained results. this model includes five main stages: 1 - recognition, 2 ?training, 3 - knowledge acquisition, 4?knowledge editing, 5 ? knowledge management data base designing and knowledge electronic packaging. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 747-747 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=120&rid=4792 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804792 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Knowledge, experience, knowledge acquisition, knowledge management, documentation, petroleum industry, I.R.Iran. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rukiye Sayg?l? Author-Name-First: Rukiye Author-Name-Last: Sayg?l? Author-Email: rsaygili@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Author-Name: Hülya E?ki U?uz Author-Name-First: Hülya Author-Name-Last: E?ki U?uz Author-Email: hulyaeski@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Title: RELIGION, POLITICS AND EDUCATION IN THE LIGHT OF FEBRUARY 28 DECISIONS IN TURKEY Abstract: The decisions known as ?February 28 Decisions? in Turkish political life consist of the ?measures required to be taken against the reactionary initiatives opponent to the regime? comprising 18 articles, which were taken at the National Security Council that lasted for 9 hours in the period of the 54th Government formed between Refah (Welfare) Party and Do?ru Yol (True Path) Party within the framework of the Coalition Government Protocol dated 28 June 1996 and chaired by Necmettin Erbakan. Five of those decisions aimed at preventing politicization of the religion directly involved the education policy. Though the government programmes decisively expressed that no compromise would be made on the education policies that were rearranged in line with the said decisions by the 55th, 56th and 57th Governments formed following the February 28 Decisions, it did not take long for the decisions, which could not gain public legitimacy, to begin to be questioned. As a matter of fact, one of the most remarkable actions of AK (Justice and Development) Party, which came to power in 2002 by taking strength from the reaction shown against the decisions following the February 28, designated as post-modern coup d?etat, has been to cease the education policies put into practice in line with the National Security Council decisions. Elimination of the field coefficient problem took place in 2009; opening the secondary school sections of the religious vocational high schools as a result of increasing the duration of compulsory education to 12 years with the formula 4+4+4 took place in 2012; ensuring dress freedom at schools took place defacto in 2010 and dejure in 2013.In view of the foregoing, this paper will try to address and study the relationship between education, religion and politics, which has been an ongoing area of debate from foundation of the Republic to present, particularly in the light of the February 28 Decisions. It should be noted that an analysis to be conducted in this respect by centering upon the concepts of education, religion and politics targets at the same time to shed light on the fact of ?retreat of the military tutelage? in Turkey. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 748-755 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=121&rid=5397 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805397 Classification-JEL: I28, D73, D78 Keywords: Religion, Politics, Education, 28 Febuarty Decisions, Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: KEYA Sengupta Author-Name-First: KEYA Author-Name-Last: Sengupta Author-Email: ks@iimshillong.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Management Title: Health Expenditure and its Impact on health Status Abstract: Health expenditure is an important determinant of the health status and economic development of a nation. Experience has revealed that countries which assign due recognition to this aspect have healthier and more productive human capital. This in turn raises the GDP of a nation, in contrast to countries which spend less on health sector. Health care users, particularly in poor and developing countries have to spend more on ?out of pocket? expenses, because in such countries public health expenditure falls short perhaps due to inadequate resources. Expenditure on health sector therefore has higher return in terms of health outcomes and economic development in poor and developing countries in comparison to already developed countries.The present work with the help of data from all the states and union territories of India examined the impact of per capita health expenditure on infant and child mortality separately for the urban and rural sector of India using lagged multiple regression models. The findings of the study reveal that health expenditure taken alone do not have any impact on the health parameters. However, inclusion of mother?s education and the poverty level of the household represented by per capita income, increases the effectiveness of health expenditure, which then becomes an effective tool for improving the health parameters of infant and child mortality. This implies that where the health beneficiaries are poor, level of education is low, awareness is less, and particularly in the rural sector public health expenditure is not incurred judiciously. However, consciousness of educated health beneficiaries make the ones who incur the health expenditure to be more careful as how the money is spent. Proper management, supervision and monitoring thereby assumes more importance. Ultimately therefore it is not always the amount of finance, but more important becomes how the money is spent. The study also reveals that there is a clear dichotomy in India between the rural and urban sector. Rural sector representing the less developed nations of the world, whereas urban India has situation similar to the developed world. This clearly focuses attention to the fact that uniform policies of health expenditure for the entire country may not be very effective and separate policies which should be based on the specific need and problems of spatial differences needs to be devised. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 756-769 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=122&rid=4594 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804594 Classification-JEL: I14 Keywords: infant and child mortality,per capita health expenditure,female education,poverty,health policies Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: GÖKSEL ??M?EK Author-Name-First: GÖKSEL Author-Name-Last: ??M?EK Author-Email: goksels@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SELÇUK ÜN?VERS?TES? Author-Name: Ali Erkam YARAR Author-Name-First: Ali Erkam Author-Name-Last: YARAR Author-Email: aeyarar@konya.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Title: REPUTATION MANAGEMENT WITH REGARD TO DESTINATION IN ONLINE MEDIA Abstract: Today social media, brought masses together, formed a wide cultural and social application area on the world, even created the new legal definitions, contained with deep information, document, reviews and sharing, it became the first information source from the individual application. ?n particularly, due to the wide area which referenced before the trip and tourist travel vacation and shared their experiences and reviews, it motived their attitude intention and behaviour, so it has become the most important decision making tool. This situation which is online version of WOM, continued to develop and increases the number of users. ?n addition to the new dimension, due to the complex organization of tourism destinations, they are creating the need to manage their organizational reputation. This study aims to explore and describe the steps of online reputation management for tourism destinastion. The reptrak model (developed by the reputation institute, used to measure corporate reputation) will try to adapt for destinations. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 770-782 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=123&rid=5323 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805323 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Online Media, Destination, Reputation Management Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nisha Singh Author-Name-First: Nisha Author-Name-Last: Singh Author-Email: Singhni@ukzn.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of KwaZulu-Natal Author-Name: Shakira Shaik Author-Name-First: Shakira Author-Name-Last: Shaik Author-Email: Shaiksh@ukzn.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of KwaZulu-Natal Title: Nanoparticles synthesized from extracts of Tetradenia riparia reveal pharmacological properties Abstract: Plant-mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a growing area of interest in the fields of green synthesis and nanotechnology. In this study, the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs, respectively) in flowers, leaves and stems of Tetradenia riparia using methanol and water was investigated. Following observation by colour change, the nanoparticles were confirmed by ultraviolet (UV) visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV peaks for AgNPs and AuNPs were recorded at 410 nm and 540 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis indicated that the reducing agents included terpenoids and pyrones which were responsible for reducing and capping the nanoparticles. Furthermore, crude methanol leaf extracts indicated the presence of phenolics and flavonoids (77.9ħ8.5 and 4.0ħ0.9 mg g-1 dry weight, respectively). The synthesised nanoparticles were tested for anti-bacterial activity on five pathogenic bacteria. AgNPs were active and showed MIC against E. coli (1.56 µl ml-1), E. faecalis (1.56 µl ml-1), K. pneumonia (1.56 µl ml-1), P. aeruginosa (12.5 µl ml-1) and S. aureus (50 µl ml-1). MIC using AuNPs was as follows: K. pneumonia (1.56 µl ml-1), E. faecalis (1.56 µl ml-1), E. coli (6.25 µl ml-1), P. aeruginosa (12.5 µl ml-1) and S. aureus (50 µl ml-1). The in vitro screening of the nanoparticles showed potential cytotoxic activity against the human breast cancer (MCF7) cell line. Data generated were used to plot a dose-response curve of which the concentration of extract required to kill 50% of MCF7 cell population (IC50) was determined to be 5 and 375 µg ml-1 for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively, after 96 hrs. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 783-783 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=124&rid=5130 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805130 Classification-JEL: I23 Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Iboza, Green synthesis, Nanoparticles, Plant extract Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Barbora Slintáková Author-Name-First: Barbora Author-Name-Last: Slintáková Author-Email: barbora@vse.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague Author-Name: Stanislav Klazar Author-Name-First: Stanislav Author-Name-Last: Klazar Author-Email: klazar@vse.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague Title: Impact of the income tax relief for housing on household indebtedness in EU, 2004-2013 Abstract: It is common that governments favour home ownership also via personal income taxation. Particularly deductibility of mortgage interest payments can stimulate households to borrow to acquire their dwellings. On the one hand the tax advantage can be effective at achieving social objectives, but on the other hand there is agreement that the housing taxation creates substantial distortion that may increase house prices and household leverage which may have adverse consequences on both micro- and macroeconomic levels. Our aim is to explore whether there is a relation between the advantageous tax treatment of housing and household indebtedness. We employ the multiple regression and pooled cross-sectional data for the former 15 EU member countries (except Greece) for the period 2004-2013. Our analysis reveals that the variable representing the extent of the tax relief on debt financing of the owner-occupied housing affected the variable reflecting indebtedness of European households between 2004 and 2013 positively. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 784-799 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=125&rid=4663 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804663 Classification-JEL: G21, H24 Keywords: Household indebtedness, Housing taxation, Mortgage interest deductibility Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zachary Smith Author-Name-First: Zachary Author-Name-Last: Smith Author-Email: 5237020@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Northern Arizona University Title: Classifying NGOs: How to tell the weak from the strong Abstract: International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) come in all shapes and sizes ? anywhere from a one or two person staff with a nice web page to a multi- million Euro organization with thousands of employees and offices all over the planet. With literally thousands of NGOs operating all over the world it is increasingly difficult if not impossible for foundations and other funding sources to differentiate between the different types of NGO and the ability of a particular NGO to be able to complete the projects or other activities for which they may be requesting funding. This study develops a classification system that categorizes NGO by type, resources, organization, hierarchy and other attributes all in a way that will allow other organizations to judge the ability of a particular NGO to carry out a particular task. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 800-800 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=126&rid=3465 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803465 Classification-JEL: L31 Keywords: non-governemtal organization, organizational theory. philanthropy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yangki Suara Author-Name-First: Yangki Author-Name-Last: Suara Author-Email: yangki.suara@kcl.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: King's College London Title: Understanding Policy Change: Multiple-Streams Framework and Climate Change Negotiation Abstract: John Kingdon?s introduced ?multiple streams framework? to explain the agenda-setting process in the context of public policy. This paper employ Kingdon?s multiple streams model to explain the climate change negotiation led by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC is clearly fitted with the criteria of an organised anarchy; unclear organisation processes, unclear preferences, and fluid participants. This paper presents an analysis of Kingdon?s three streams; problems streams, policies streams, and politics streams. A special emphasis is given to policy entrepreneurs who play a vital role over the last decade linking the solutions and problems in the global climate change conferences (policy window) and inviting head of states to attend and deliver their speech in the conferences. This paper also criticise Kingdon?s assumption on the relationship between these three streams. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 801-801 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=127&rid=4656 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804656 Classification-JEL: Q58, H41 Keywords: climate change, agenda setting, multiple streams framework Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: MEHMET ERHAN SUMMAK Author-Name-First: MEHMET ERHAN Author-Name-Last: SUMMAK Author-Email: summak@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Author-Name: ISMAIL ARI Author-Name-First: ISMAIL Author-Name-Last: ARI Author-Email: ismailari.89@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Title: THE INFLUENCE OF REAL-TIME MARKETING ON SOCIAL MEDIA USERS: A STUDY ON USERS OF 'EK?? SÖZLÜK' Abstract: The aim of this research; is to explain the awareness about real-time marketing by social media users and its influence over them. Moreover, examining the change created by real-time marketing on shopping habits and brand loyalties of social media users has been aimed. The scope of this research; includes 200 users from ?Ek?i Sözlük? which is among one of the most popular dictionaries in Turkey. As the research method; survey method has been used and survey forms were created via ?Google Forms?. Obtained data was coded and loaded to the SPSS for Windows 17.0 statistics packaged software. Then it was sorted out and analyzed by using this software. Importance of this research; real time marketing is acquirement of current affairs and production of new content in line with this information by brands. Users follow brands by means of social networks and they display the content which has been produced by brands. On the other part, brands shape the contents which they are going to create, by the help of the matters in question that the users bring up to the agenda at social networks and in this manner real-time marketing practices are put into process. From this standpoint, this research is significant in order to identify opinions and attitudes of social media users towards real-time marketing contents. Changing customer profile and development of social media are interconnected processes and in this way new marketing techniques have emerged. A great number of brands act as a Publisher and they share special contents via social networks. So as to be successful at content marketing, the produced content must be target oriented, sentimental, shareable, authentic and useable. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 802-802 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=128&rid=5217 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805217 Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: Social Media, Real-Time Marketing, Ek?i Sözlük Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Farzaneh Taheri Author-Name-First: Farzaneh Author-Name-Last: Taheri Author-Email: taheri_f@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics,Marvdasht Branch,Islamic Azad University,Marvdasht,Iran Title: New Approaches to Economic Forcasts of the Flower Export In Iran Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in Iran. After data collection using by the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the condition of business of flowers in Iran was compared with a number of countries exporting the product. According to the results of study, the small elasticity of the exportation price in the function of export demand is negative and smaller than one, and it indicates that flowers are inelastic goods; moreover, the income from its export could be increased by increasing the price. It can be concluded that the domestic price increase will lead to a decrease in exports due to the high elasticity and negative of export supply in comparison with the domestic price. Partial elasticity obtained for the variable of the value of domestic production of flowers in the export supply function in this study indicates that uncontrolled increase production by increasing the acreage under cultivation makes the decrease of exportation price of flowers, and at the most it causes reducing of exportation income because of higher effect of low price in comparison with the effect of an increase in demand; thus, the income from the export of flowers can be increased by controlling the production and the value of export Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 803-803 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=129&rid=5089 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805089 Classification-JEL: Q11, Q11, Q17 Keywords: supply and demand functions, export, flower, comparative advantage. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805089 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stergios Tampekis Author-Name-First: Stergios Author-Name-Last: Tampekis Author-Email: stampeki@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Fani Samara Author-Name-First: Fani Author-Name-Last: Samara Author-Email: fanisamara@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Stavros Sakellariou Author-Name-First: Stavros Author-Name-Last: Sakellariou Author-Email: stasakel@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Athanassios Sfougaris Author-Name-First: Athanassios Author-Name-Last: Sfougaris Author-Email: asfoug@agr.uth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly Author-Name: Olga Christopoulou Author-Name-First: Olga Author-Name-Last: Christopoulou Author-Email: ochris@uth.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly Title: Mapping the environmental impacts intensity that is caused from the forest roads network planning based on Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Abstract: Sustainable management of forest resources can only be achieved through a well-organized road network compatible with the natural environment. This paper describes a method for forest road network planning and the environmental impact assessment based on Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) at the Island of Thassos, Greece. Data analysis and its presentation are achieved through a spatial decision support system using multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) with the contribution of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In this paper we present the assessment of: the forest?s opening up percentage, the forest road density, the applied skidding means (with either the use of tractors or the cable logging systems in wood skidding), the timber skidding direction, the traffic load and truck type, the distance between forest roads and streams, the distance between forest roads and the forest boundaries and if the forest roads come through unstable soils. With the assessment of the above factors we can evaluate the intensity of forest roads? environmental impacts. The Multi-Criteria Evaluation which is recommended and described at this study provides a powerful and easy to use implement in order to combine cartographic models and other image data and to define solutions to unstructured, as well as semi-structured, problems. It can also be used in order to minimize and evaluate the environmental impacts of forest roads planning. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 804-812 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=130&rid=5248 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805248 Classification-JEL: Q01, Q23, Q56 Keywords: forest road network planning, environmental impact assessment, spatial multi-criteria evaluation, GIS Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Csaba Tapler Author-Name-First: Csaba Author-Name-Last: Tapler Author-Email: tapler@sze.hu Author-Workplace-Name: Szechenyi Istvan University Title: Potential of Mobile Applications aiding Logistic Processes Abstract: This paper aims to give an overview of the potential which mobile applications have in aiding special logistic processes like warehouse management, fleet control and tracking, document handling, etc. In the previous decades industrial solutions dominated the software market. These solutions were highly reliable but also very expensive and not flexible in respect of implementing modification needs. The sudden evolution of mobile technology made it possible to apply cheap or even free applications to aid logistic processes. This paper deals with the main advantages of using mobile apps in supporting certain processes which are usually the cost factor, flexibility and easy system migration possibilities. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 813-819 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=131&rid=4685 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804685 Classification-JEL: M11, M15 Keywords: mobile applications, logistic processes, process management Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmet Tarhan Author-Name-First: Ahmet Author-Name-Last: Tarhan Author-Email: tarhan@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Author-Name: Kadir Canoz Author-Name-First: Kadir Author-Name-Last: Canoz Author-Email: kcanoz@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Author-Name: Omer Bakan Author-Name-First: Omer Author-Name-Last: Bakan Author-Email: obakan@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Communication Faculty Title: THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPONSORSHIP ACTIVITIES OF THE BANKS THROUGH THEIR CORPORATE WEB PAGES Abstract: As a result of the developments such as current competition environment, the rise of self-awareness among the consumers, and the requests and expectations of the consumers; the banks in the service sector were in the quest of being different from their rivals. Upon those developments, banks turned into sponsorship activities which are based on mutual benefits. The corporate web pages are among the instruments which banks have utilized recently in announcing their sponsorship activities for their corporate publicity, establishing their corporate images and increase their recognition. In the study, the sponsorship activities of 9 banks which serve in Turkey and listed in the categories such as public, private and participation banks were analyzed through their corporate web page sand using content analysis. Among the 191 sponsorship activities, it was found at the end of the analysis that 92 of the sponsorship activities were carried out by the private banks, 68 of them by public banks and 31 of them by participation banks. The most common type of sponsorship preferred by the banks was determined as the sports sponsorship while the least preferred one was environment sponsorship. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 820-834 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=132&rid=4507 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804507 Classification-JEL: Keywords: sponsorship, public relations, banking sector, corporate web page, content analysis. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Asli Tasbasi Author-Name-First: Asli Author-Name-Last: Tasbasi Author-Email: aslisen@isikun.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Isik University Title: Quantifying Water Scarcity in Turkey Abstract: This study provides a quantitative assesment of water resources in Turkey in order to diagnose the water scarcity in the country. To this end, water stress indices are calculated which serve a multi-dimensional analysis by linking water scarcity to variables of population, income, pollution, withdrawals and social adaptive capacity. Results of the calculations are used to portray whether access to water and water poverty are directly or indirectly related. In view of its findings, the paper argues that water resources should not be managed according to the neoliberal rules of scarce resources, which may eventually make water unaffordible for the poor. The paper brings attention to the need for a socially equitable water policy and calls for a rapid agenda for the implementation of EU Water Framework Directive. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 835-835 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=133&rid=5268 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805268 Classification-JEL: Q50, Q53, Q56 Keywords: Water scarcity, Turkey, Falkenmark Index,Water Exploitation Index, Water Scarcity Index, , Social Water Stress Index, Water Poverty Index. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: F. Dilvin Ta?k?n Author-Name-First: F. Dilvin Author-Name-Last: Ta?k?n Author-Email: dilvin.taskin@yasar.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Yasar University, Department of Business Administration Author-Name: Ufuk Tutan Author-Name-First: Ufuk Author-Name-Last: Tutan Author-Email: ufuk.tutan@yasar.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Yasar University, Department of Economics Title: Use of Derivatives and Financial Stability in Turkish Banking Sector Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of derivatives use on the stability of the banks that are operating in Turkish banking system for the period between 2005 and 2014, which is the period after the establishment of Turkish Derivatives Exchange. The risk of a bank is defined as a probability of default and Z-index is calculated for each bank. The results show that derivative instruments significantly increase the risks of banks; on the other hand bank risk is not a significant determinant of derivative usage. Liquid assets also increase and interest revenues decrease the risk of banks. When the determinants of derivative portolio is analyzed it is understood that larger banks and foreign banks and banks with larger loan portfolio and liquid assets hold more of derivative products and banks which have higher interest revenues to total assets are more likely to engage in traditional banking activities. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 836-847 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=134&rid=5197 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805197 Classification-JEL: G20 Keywords: Bank risk, Z-index, derivative usage, Turkish banking sector Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ömer Faruk TEK?N Author-Name-First: Ömer Faruk Author-Name-Last: TEK?N Author-Email: ofaruktekin@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selçuk University - Vocational School of Social Sciences Title: DECENTRALIZED URBANIZATION POLICIES AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCE OF TURKEY Abstract: Today, while the dynamics of globalization are observed in almost every area of life, some changes; which are sometimes in the opposite and sometimes the same direction, but somehow interrelated; are faced. In that process, approaches some approaches seeing centralized policies and structures inadequate for solving some of the problems except for certain areas, have begun to come up. The proportional change on the urban and rural population that was created by the immigrations, which have gone along with the industrialization, has consistently improved in favour of the city, and eventually has paved the way for negative consequences such as the clutter of that population on some specific points.Some countries, which adopted liberal policies, have refused to interfere with the natural development of the urbanization process and have expected such rapid urbanization to reach equilibrium after a period. However, that rapid urbanization, which is limited to certain centres and leads to regional and urban imbalances, has pushed many counties to take various measures and to create new policies for struggling against it. First, some efforts were made for improving the living conditions of rural areas and creating new opportunities in order to stop migration that is the main reason for this and to keep the rural population in their villages and even to bring the immigrants back. Some countries have had the expectation of benefits for the development of the whole country, from directing the population to some major city centres. That ultimately has led to certain social and cultural problems. On the other hand, for eliminating those social, cultural and economical problems, some countries have applied decentralized urbanization policies, which were expected to end the regional imbalances, by preventing the population and urbanization from being directed to some specific centres, in the aim of spreading that evenly throughout the country.In this study, first, the concepts of urbanization and regional development will be dealt. Urbanization policies that have been developed by scholars and been implemented in different countries, will be discussed. Strategies, which provide regional development taking the advantage of different policies and especially the investment policies, for eliminating disparities between regions, will be specified. Then, the idea of decentralization in urban and regional development will be focused. And in the last section, decentralised urbanization and regional development policies, which have been applied and are being applied in Turkey, will be discussed. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 848-859 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=135&rid=4891 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804891 Classification-JEL: R28, H76, R58 Keywords: Decentralization, Urbanization, Regional Development, Decentralized Urbanization, Regional Imbalances, the Case of Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804891 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: OMER AKGUN TEKIN Author-Name-First: OMER AKGUN Author-Name-Last: TEKIN Author-Email: dr.omerakguntekin@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY Author-Name: ESRA YILMAZ Author-Name-First: ESRA Author-Name-Last: YILMAZ Author-Email: esra.yilmaz@dpu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: DUMLUPINAR UNIVERSITY Author-Name: RAB?A MERYEM YILMAZ Author-Name-First: RAB?A MERYEM Author-Name-Last: YILMAZ Author-Email: rkufrevi@atauni.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: ATATÜRK UNIVERSITY Title: Developing a Survey on Aesthetic Labour: Women Frontline Employees Abstract: All kinds of organizations have recently focused on being a part of unstable market and as a shareholder, increasing their shares in their markets. Especially, hospitality managements as being parts of highly competitive market and having a very tentative element such as ?human? have an aim to provide full satisfaction of their customers. Protecting their brand urges them to search for new trends to differ their service systems and that causes an increase in their expectations from employees. One of them is having employees that have eligible physical properties and attitudes. Nowadays, hospitality managements pay attention to physical properties of a front line employee especially in the recruitment process. They look for a person who is looking good and sounding right. Finding an employee with perfectible properties is the first step that must be fulfilled. Then, through selection and training, managements modify and develop employees ?abilities and attributes and convert them into aesthetic abilities. This, a creation of the management, the style of an employee with new abilities and attributes is called as aesthetic labour. The aim of this research is to reveal women frontline employees? efforts while being an aesthetic labour. Departing from that, a questionnaire was developed under the light of international studies as there are few studies in national literature. A pilot implementation was conducted in 5 star hotels in Antalya, Turkey. As one of the noble seashore and having many 5 star hotels, Antalya is chosen for pilot implementation. 150 questionnaires were disturbed, 130 of them were collected. In order to conduct a reliable survey, 12 of them were eliminated as being fulfilled by other employees rather than frontline. 118 questionnaires were used to verify the data. Factor analysis was conducted to prove the dimensions predicted. 52 questionnaire items predicted within six factors were proven as 37 items within 6 factors. Factors are labelled as ?Aesthetic Labour Requirements in Recruitment, Organizational Codes on Aesthetic Labour within Working Hours, Trainings on Becoming an Aesthetic Labour, Being an Aesthetic Labour in Customer Interactions, Effort to Preserve Aesthetic Labour Identity in Time off Work, Evaluations of Employees on Being an Aesthetic Labour.? According to the reliability analysis, the survey?s Cronbach Alpha value is 0.94. As there is few quantitative studies on aesthetic labour, this study takes a preliminary step for composing a questionnaire used for further researches both by national and international researchers. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 860-860 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=136&rid=4779 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804779 Classification-JEL: Z00, A30 Keywords: Developing a Survey, Aesthetic Labour, Women Frontline Employees Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Venelin Terziev Author-Name-First: Venelin Author-Name-Last: Terziev Author-Email: terziev@skmat.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Rousse Author-Name: Ekaterina Arabska Author-Name-First: Ekaterina Author-Name-Last: Arabska Author-Email: katya.arabska@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Vasil Levski National Military University Title: Connecting jobseekers and employers and more: the contributions of PES to EU social and economic development Abstract: The paper discusses the role and the challenges before Public Employment Services (PES) of the European Union in contemporary conditions of dynamically changed economic and social environment. Recent trends on labor markets (in European and national Bulgarian scope) are analyzed outlining the general concerns nowadays and providing recommendations for adequate answers on national, regional and European level. The need of application of new approaches and models in organization and management of PES activities is concerned according to the current employment strategies in the EU and in Bulgaria. Special attention is paid to the ways of achieving effective impacts of the policies on the labor market through business modelling and services provision introducing innovative approaches and adding values in PES, particularly in the implementation of a strong and sustainable mediation. The adoption of a holistic approach for better management and continuity is interlinked to the good understanding of state-of-art and goals of improvement of activities in terms of quality, adequacy and expediency, all resulting in proper influence measures and effective implementation of policies on employment targeted to sustainable economic and social development. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 861-875 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=137&rid=5207 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805207 Classification-JEL: J01, J08 Keywords: labor market, employment, active policy, management, model. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Keti Tokmakova Author-Name-First: Keti Author-Name-Last: Tokmakova Author-Email: ketitoo@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Medical University, Plovdiv Author-Name: Petar Molchovski Author-Name-First: Petar Author-Name-Last: Molchovski Author-Email: ketitoo@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Medical University, Plovdiv Author-Name: Mariya Tokmakova Author-Name-First: Mariya Author-Name-Last: Tokmakova Author-Email: ketitoo@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Medical University, Plovdiv Title: An E-learning Approach to Education and Training in Biomechanics and Osteosynthesis of Fractures Abstract: Aim and object of the study: This project is aimed at adapting and integrating innovative training courses and results from previous Leonardo da Vinci project into continuing VET of medicine professionals (residents, surgeons) and professionals involved in implants development and manufacturingMethods. An E-learning course is presented and discussed in details, after being approved by an analysis of experience and needs or orthopaedic surgeons and residents in three participating countries and performing a field trial test.Results: An adapted E-learning course for residents and orthopaedic surgeons in learning new techniques for osteosyntesis, management of fractures using implants, postoperative complications, requirements for implants design is presented . Definition of learning outcomes for surgeons' courses is performeed. Conclusion: The added value of this project will be in the improved quality and attractiveness of the continuing VET in the target countries by transferring existing innovations to new geographic environments and across the sectors of medicine and engineering.This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be heldresponsible for any use which may be made of the nformation contained therein.Project Number 2013-1-BG1-LEO05-08711 Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 876-876 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=138&rid=4803 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804803 Classification-JEL: I00, I10, I19 Keywords: e-learning, biomechanics, osteosynthesis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Suleyman UGURLU Author-Name-First: Suleyman Author-Name-Last: UGURLU Author-Email: sugurlu@agri.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Author-Name: Murat BESER Author-Name-First: Murat Author-Name-Last: BESER Author-Email: muratbeser@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Author-Name: Nazife Ozge KILIC Author-Name-First: Nazife Ozge Author-Name-Last: KILIC Author-Email: nokilic@agri.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Title: The Implemented Monetary Policy in Turkey after 1994 Abstract: Inflation and financial crisis is one of the basic economic problems for all countries since 1990?s. Inflation creates domestic issues more while financial crisis constitutes regional even global problems. There is an inevitable need for an active economical and tighter fiscal policy to overcome these economic problems. Central banks have a great role to provide stable economic growth rate under low inflation in long term in addition to financial and price stability. Central banks, which are responsible for implementation of monetary policy, take economic conditions of the country and fiscal policies of the government as data to determine main monetary policy objectives, what strategies they shall implement to achieve these objectives and to decide which monetary policy tools they shall use. In this context, aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the monetary policy decisions of the April 5, 1994 and is to identify the extent of success of these policies. In particular, inflation targeting regime which is applied after February 2001 crisis and monetary policies after 2008 global crisis are the focal point of the study. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 877-877 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=139&rid=5104 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805104 Classification-JEL: E50 Keywords: Monetary Policy, Inflation, Financial Crisis, Central Banking, Credit Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Athena Vongalis-Macrow Author-Name-First: Athena Author-Name-Last: Vongalis-Macrow Author-Email: athena.vongalis-macrow@deakin.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Deakin University Title: BECOMING UNSTUCK: SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF MID-CAREER FEMALES AND THE PHENOMENON OF BEING ?STUCK IN THE MIDDLE?. Abstract: This paper will draw on research that investigated the working environment and practices of mid-career female academics in order to critically explore the challenges and obstacles that may keep mid-career women ?stuck?. The paper focuses on mid-level female academics as this career space is where most female academics will reach the limits of their academic careers? But is this a chosen career delimiter or can it be explained further in the way that women engage with their working environment and enact their working practices? The paper seeks to critically explore these two questions by discussing how gendered organisations are structured and enacted from the perspective of mid-career female academics. Seventy four mid-career academics across three Australian universities participated in a study of their workplace. The women responded to an extensive survey which asked questions about their leadership ambitions, networking, working environments and workplace practices. The paper will report on a section of the survey in which they were asked to identify obstacles to their career progress. The analysis of their answers is framed on a structure and agency analysis (Archer, 2000, Vongalis-Macrow, 2007) because this well rounded organisational theorizing allows for a understanding of both structural constraints and how actions interact with structures to reproduce constraints or create challenges when new actions are required. The prevalence of both structural constraints and actor obstacles suggests that in order to create change in gendered organisation, actions need to address both ?people and parts? of any organisation. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 878-878 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=140&rid=3936 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2803936 Classification-JEL: Keywords: women, leadership, organisational change Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2803936 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ?Bhagaporn Wattanadumrong Author-Name-First: ?Bhagaporn Author-Name-Last: Wattanadumrong Author-Email: bhagaporn@nu.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Naresuan University Title: Do local business ownership matter the city growth and sizing? The case of Phitsanulok Manufacturing 1971-2014 Abstract: This paper analyses regional investment in Phitsanulok Province located in the lower north of Thailand. Using data for 713 local manufacturing industries registered from 1971 to 2014. This study examines their performance of the city growth and sizing of locally-owned (LOEs) enterprises and nonlocally-owned (NLOEs) enterprises. The key determinants are identified using a unique assembled data recorded by local authority recording and comprising all local manufacturing industries over time. The descriptive analytical approach will be applied to full sample (all industries) and other relevant issues (capital based, scale intensive, supplier dominated industries classified according to Thailand Standard Industrial Classification; TSIC). This study briefly examines the city growth of manufacturers? existence and its changes over time. This approach can be applied to analyze the city growth at provincial-level of the country. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 879-879 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=141&rid=5352 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805352 Classification-JEL: M21, R19 Keywords: local manufacturing, Phitsanulok Province, city growth Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hilmi Yaz?c? Author-Name-First: Hilmi Author-Name-Last: Yaz?c? Author-Email: yzchlm@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Dilek Sabanci State Conservatory Title: Verdi and Saygun In The Context Of Association Between Policy And Music Abstract: When every aspect of new thoughts and types of expressions developing as parallel to the each step performed in art in the world is looked at, all these developments and changes will be seen to have closely been related to political context and social life. Interlocked, affecting and transforming each other, the relationship between policy and daily life also influences the field of art as an indispensable part of life. So, newly developing forms have come to the forth in works by being processed by artists, and new expressions have led to new thinkings in society. As a result of this mutual interaction, the society has also affected the art based on its needs and likes, and also manipulated the artists. As to the effect of the art of opera, such an effect is seen to be formed obviously in the works of opera. It may be suggested that the art of opera, from Italy where it was born to Turkey where opera was tried to be adapted into national culture as a sign of Westernization, has gone through the same stages and formed medium for policy. In this context, one of the most remarkable figures in Italy is Giuseppe Verdi. In Turkey, however, Ahmed Adnan Saygun, is seen to come to the forth. Based on these findings in this study, how political situation has affected composers, and in what way the condition is reflected to their works will be investigated on basis of Verdi and Saygun. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 880-880 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=142&rid=4551 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804551 Classification-JEL: Keywords: arts, opera, politics, nationalism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804551 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa Y?ld?z Author-Name-First: Mustafa Author-Name-Last: Y?ld?z Author-Email: mustafayildiz@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Akdeniz university Author-Name: Nazmi Bayköse Author-Name-First: Nazmi Author-Name-Last: Bayköse Author-Email: nazmibaykose@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Akdeniz university Author-Name: Hasan ?ahan Author-Name-First: Hasan Author-Name-Last: ?ahan Author-Email: hasansahan@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Akdeniz University Author-Name: Güney Çetinkaya Author-Name-First: Güney Author-Name-Last: Çetinkaya Author-Email: gcetinkaya@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Akdeniz University Title: The Effects of 16 Weeks Anger Management Training on Volleyball Playing Teenage Girls Abstract: The goal of this study is to research the effects of a 16 weeks anger management training on volleyball playing teenage girls. It is searched that whether The Anger Management Programme (TAMP) is effective on girl players between 16 - 18 ages, prepared according to the principles and methods of the cognitive behavior approach. The research is an experimental study suitable to "pre-test-post-test" modelling with a control group which analyzes whether TAMP reduces the level of anger or not. The pre-test scores of the experimental and control groups are being compared to "t test" and there is not any significant difference. Then, the players in the experimental group were applied a 90 minutes' cognitive behavior approach control programme for 16 weeks. During the implementation of the programme, therapeutics conditions were provided and some cognitive elements like as faith, thought and perception were emphasized. Then breathing exercises and relaxation techniques were practiced and the illogical thinking and beliefs, underlying the anger, were tried to be changed. After the experiment, the control and experimental groups were given State Trait Anger Scale once again. In the group, there are 60 teenage girls (Xage=17,20ħ,80). The State Trait Anger Scale is used to reach the study's goal which was developed by Spielberger (1983). While analyzing and interpreting the data, descriptive statistics techniques and Paired-Sample T-Test are used. In the study, the consistent level of anger of the experimental group pre-test (23,73ħ3,30) and post-test (23,53ħ2,43), the level of anger control pre-test (19,73ħ2,07) and post-test (22,10ħ1,47), intrinsic anger levels pre-test (28,20ħ2,16) and post-test (25,57ħ1,87) and extrinsic anger levels pre-test (20,70ħ2,34) and post-test (18,46ħ1,78). The difference among the average scorings are significant (P<0,05).In this study; TAMP is applied which aims to assist the teenage volleyball player girls aged between 16-18 to control the level of their anger and to become skillful at using the appropriate stress managing strategies. In the study; when the experimental groups were compared to the control groups with regards to consistent anger level, intrinsic anger, extrinsic anger, and controlling their anger, it was seen that the levels of consistent anger, intrinsic anger and extrinsic anger of the students in the experimental group were reduced significantly and the level of anger control were increased significantly compared to the students in the control group. The research findings of this study show parallelism with the findings of the some studies in literature. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 881-896 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=143&rid=4999 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804999 Classification-JEL: L83 Keywords: anger, girls, volleyball players Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804999 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: James Yoo Author-Name-First: James Author-Name-Last: Yoo Author-Email: jamesy115@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: California Baptist University Title: The Economic Impacts of the Change in Sectoral Water Use in Maricopa County, Arizona: Modified Input-Output Approach Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of change in sectoral water supply on employment in Maricopa County, Arizona using input-output model. The main contribution of this study is two-fold. First, we generate a database on water use by water source: surface water and groundwater. Second, we develop a modified input-output model that captures the economic impact of substitution in water use from surface to ground water due to variation in the cost of water supply.The study exercises two water supply change scenarios. Scenario I assumes that the total water supply/use decreases by 1% but the reduction comes only from surface water use, holding groundwater use constant. Scenario II assumes that surface water supply/use in all sectors decreases by 1%, and the reduction in surface water use is replaced by the exact amount of more expensive groundwater. We found that the magnitude of economic impacts depends on consumer?s responsiveness to water price change. When price elasticity of water demand is relatively low (<0.2), the economic impact of a 1 percent reduction in surface water supplies was smaller than under the first scenario. However, the more water users in all industries are responsive to a change in water price, the bigger are economic impacts are in terms of reductions in jobs, value added, and indirect business taxes. Length: 19 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 897-915 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=144&rid=4932 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804932 Classification-JEL: C18, C67 Keywords: economic impacts, input-output model, water supply Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804932 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: EYUP ERDAL YORUK Author-Name-First: EYUP ERDAL Author-Name-Last: YORUK Author-Email: eerdal@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Author-Name: MEHMET ERHAN SUMMAK Author-Name-First: MEHMET ERHAN Author-Name-Last: SUMMAK Author-Email: summak@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: SELCUK UNIVERSITY Title: FUNCTION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN CORPORATE PERCEPTION MANAGEMENT Abstract: In this study, the purpose is to define the concepts of perception management and corporate perception management and to explain for what functions public relations are responsible within these concepts. These functions are classified under two main areas as internal and external functions. In addition to this, the components of perception management that have a significant importance for corporations are expressed and necessary applications are pointed out for an effective use. It is also stated that public relations play an important role in understanding, interpreting and addressing individuals and groups of people within this understanding of perception management. It is also emphasized that public relations must be permanent in the understanding of perception management and it is important to determine and provide the demands, expectations and needs of individuals that establish the internal and external corporates. It is pointed out that public relations with perception management are interrelated and complementary processes. It is also described what basic rules are required when building corporate perception management and which application principles there are. It is also pointed out that target populations have cultural characteristics and value judgments. The characteristics of public relations messages are described when building the understanding of perception management. It is important to get feedback of these applications and to measure them in this process. It is necessary to prevent any negative perception either in internal or in external corporations by using the real examples. Visual elements of a corporation that constitute an important source for perception must be designed effectively, it should reflect the corporate identity and it should also support the perception to be created in this way. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 916-916 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=145&rid=5218 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805218 Classification-JEL: L38 Keywords: perception, perception management, public relations Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Muna Yusuf Author-Name-First: Muna Author-Name-Last: Yusuf Author-Email: mebrahim@ioe.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Education (IOE)/ University College London (UCL) Title: Children?s Conceptions between Year 3 and Year 6 in the Kingdom of Bahrain on What Lies under the Earth Surface: A Case Study of their Drawings and Beliefs. Abstract: The importance of Earth Sciences for all citizens and future decision makers for a better environment locally and globally is increasing. Social responsibility for each individual in the society is one of the main reasons for the growing interest. The focus on mounting about the importance of Earth Science topics and its potential in forming students? conceptions and raising their awareness toward the importance of Earth Sciences, especially, in primary schools. This study attempts to identify children's concepts of Earth inner contents through their drawings, to categorise/classify the concepts for pedagogic purposes and to provide a protocol for children's drawings analysis of Earth's structure. It represents an early stage finding of a case study of 3rd grade and 6th grade students? conceptions about what lies under the Earth surface. The focus is on one school to get in-depth data about the conceptions held by children. The study depends on two data collection methods: children?s drawing of their conceptions and two groups' interviews of children from both grades 3 and 6. As for the sampling of the children to participate in the drawings activity, 60 students are selected randomly from a primary school in Bahrain. Information on their background is collected and carefully analysed. The drawings are categorised and thematised. A follow up interviews is conducted to better understand the themes emerged from the children drawings. Children to participate in the interviews are selected carefully to represent different themes. Initial findings indicates that there is a change in children?s conceptions that is related to their growth in learning. Additionally, some misconceptions are carried over from previous learning stages. Implications on methods of teaching and learning will be drawn to improve children?s conceptions. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 917-917 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=146&rid=4582 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804582 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Science Education; Children Science Conceptions; Science misconceptions; Earth Science Drawings; Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: John Zhang Author-Name-First: John Author-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Email: j.z.zhang@durham.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Durham University Title: Board Independence, the Information Environment, and Audit Fees Abstract: To enhance board oversight, since 2002 US legislation has required listed companies to have a majority independent board. This paper uses this legislative change to examine the relation between board independence and audit fees. To provide a clean estimate of this relation, we adopt a difference-in-difference approach using a sample matched on client firm characteristics. We find that greater board independence is insignificantly associated with a change in audit fees when client firms operate in a weak information environment. When the information environment is strong, greater board independence is associated with an increase in audit fees. Our results are consistent with a nascent theory emphasising information asymmetry and provide insight into the effectiveness of the mandated board independence in relation to audit quality. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 918-918 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=147&rid=4805 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2804805 Classification-JEL: Keywords: audit fee, board independence, information environment Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2804805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Süleyman Emre Zorlu Author-Name-First: Süleyman Emre Author-Name-Last: Zorlu Author-Email: s.emrezorlu@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Law Faculty Author-Name: Süheyla Zorlu Author-Name-First: Süheyla Author-Name-Last: Zorlu Author-Email: suheylazorlu@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Law Faculty Title: Rebellion Crime in the ?slamic and Ottoman Law Abstract: Rebellion in the Islamic state, also known as ba?y is a matter not outdated. Likewise in the legal system, "State of rebellion" and disobedience is a crime punished. In our study, in Islamic and Ottoman law, "Rebellion" by another name "ba?y" crimes were investigated. What are the terms of the rebellion crime in Islamic law. According to Islamic law, in case of a justified revolt against the president, these people are not considered rebels. Such an action undertaken against the illegitimate president is always right, it is legitimate. Rebellion, described in the place of Islamic law and the required information is provided. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 919-930 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=148&rid=5317 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805317 Classification-JEL: K14, K39 Keywords: Rebellion in ?slamic Law; Rebellion in Ottoman Law; State of Rebellion Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Süheyla Zorlu Author-Name-First: Süheyla Author-Name-Last: Zorlu Author-Email: suheylazorlu@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selçuk Üniversity Law Faculty Author-Name: Süleyman Emre Zorlu Author-Name-First: Süleyman Emre Author-Name-Last: Zorlu Author-Email: s.emrezorlu@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Law Faculty Title: In terms of Gender Equality Principles, the woman's last name in the Turkish Civil Law Abstract: Former Turkish Civil Code Article 153/1 was in the form: ?Wife, carries her husband's family name?. In this regard, according to the changes made in 1997 women last names, was granted the right to use her husband's surname with. Finally, in 2002, it entered into force, 4721 in New Turkish Civil Code Article 187. line within, It accepted that women use their maiden name with the surname of her husband. This provision, which respond to the needs, is treated in accordance with the principle of equality and are thought to end the discussion on this subject. However, the real debate should be initiated after the change of the legislator. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2015-10 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Conference, Florence, Oct 2015, pages 931-940 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/19th-international-academic-conference-florence/table-of-content/detail?cid=28&iid=149&rid=5320 File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 2805320 Classification-JEL: K36, K19 Keywords: Turkish Civil Law; Gender Equality Principles; Woman Last Name in Turkish Civil Law Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:2805320