Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Elif Akben-Selcuk Author-Name-First: Elif Author-Name-Last: Akben-Selcuk Author-Email: elif.akben@khas.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Kadir Has University Title: Granger Causality between Stock Prices and Trading Volume: Evidence from Turkey Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic relation between daily BIST-100 index returns and percentage changes in Borsa Istanbul trading volume. A vector autoregression (VAR) model is constructed to test for Granger causality between stock prices and volume. The causality structure of the two variables is analyzed using the approach by Engle-Granger (1987). Analysis results show the existence of univariate causality from stock returns to changes in trading volume. This implies that past stock prices can be used to predict futures changes in trading volume. Furthermore, the results suggest that Borsa Istanbul is still inefficient since information contained in past prices is useful for making forecasts. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 1-1 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=001&rid=5908 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505908 Classification-JEL: G00, G12 Keywords: Granger causality, stock prices, trading volume, Turkey. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505908 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Menek?e Aker Author-Name-First: Menek?e Author-Name-Last: Aker Author-Email: mnaker@outlook.com.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Ankara University Health Science Faculty, Midwifery Department Author-Name: Selma ?nfal Author-Name-First: Selma Author-Name-Last: ?nfal Author-Email: sinfal@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Aksehir College of Health Author-Name: Esra Uslu Author-Name-First: Esra Author-Name-Last: Uslu Author-Email: esrauslu@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Aksehir College of Health Title: Web-Based Education Practices in Education of Nursing Students: Turkey Profile Abstract: This systematic review assesses Web Based Education (WBE) applications that will be used in the education of the nursing students in Turkey, and the effects of these applications on nursing education. This study was conducted using scientific search engines such as Ulakbim Medical Data Base, Turkish Medline Data Base, National Thesis Center, Turkish Citation Index, Turkish Psychiatry Index, Academic Index. As determined, keywords were searched in several combinations. A total of two theses that met the inclusion criteria were involved in the evaluation. This systematic review shows that the studies on this issue are very limited in terms of quantitative perspective but the results are positive. In this context, it is suggested that similar studies, in which WBE is planned in a way that it improves different knowledge and skills in nursing education, are conducted. Length: 5 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 2-6 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=002&rid=6021 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506021 Classification-JEL: I00 Keywords: Web based education, nursing, undergraduate education, Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506021 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Akvan Author-Name-First: Mohammad Author-Name-Last: Akvan Author-Email: M_akvan2007@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Central Tehran Branch,Islamic Azad University Author-Name: Mahmood Seyyed Author-Name-First: Mahmood Author-Name-Last: Seyyed Author-Email: mahmood.seyyed@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Central Tehran Branch,Islamic Azad University Title: Death and immorality in Avicenna?s philosophical attitude Abstract: The issue of death and immorality is a philosophical-historical one.Ontologically , it roots in the origin of human existence and teleologically, it follows a prosperity-oriented approach. Death and immortality ,in terms of historical view , are the oldest issues and from the philosophical perspective, are considered the most profound human preoccupation. . All thoughtful human beings whether those following materialistic attitudes and denying teleological aspects of the human or those believing in his redemption and ultimate happiness haven?t ignored the truth of human?s death and his desire for immortality.Avicenna as a philosopher who adhered to wisdom and reasoning,in his philosophical framework has discussed the nature of the man?s death and immortality and his eternal salvation and also sided with it intellectually .He hasn?t reckoned death to be the end of human existense but considered it as a stage in his life . In Avicenna?s attitude ,death means the liberation of the soul from the physical body and soul as the truth of the man would be eternal and everlasting . In this article,first Aviccenna?s philosophical attitude about death is explained and analyzed,then we will deal with his arguments for the immortality of the soul. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 7-12 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=003&rid=5843 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505843 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Aviccenna, death ,immortality,teleology,human,soul,physical body Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hanan AlMazrouei Author-Name-First: Hanan Author-Name-Last: AlMazrouei Author-Email: hrmaster_lady@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: United Arab Emirates University Title: Developing a strategic leadership style in the United Arab Emirates Abstract: Purpose ? Expatriate leaders on overseas assignment often attempt to transfer their home organization culture to their new location. The subsequent cultural clash can have a destructive impact on both the leader and the organization. We explore the impact of organizational culture, adaptation, political environment, and leadership for expatriate managers working in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approach ?Expatriate leaders? experiences in the UAE were collected through interviews, with a specific focus on cultural adaptation and most effective leadership styles for implementing strategic organizational change.Findings ? Our research revealed that a consultative style was found to be most effective by expatriate leaders in the UAE. Communication with local staff, team building, motivating staff, and involving staff in decision-making were highly effective approaches in assisting expatriate leaders to succeed within their organizational cultures. Several strategies have been identified based on the experiences of the expatriate leaders interviewed in our study.Practical implications ? The findings offer practical advice for organizational leaders anticipating an assignment in the UAE and HRM practitioners preparing expatriate leaders for their duties there. We also provide suggestions for expatriate leaders to enhance their adjustment to the organizational and political culture.Originality/value ? Numerous studies have been done on organizational cultural adaptation, however comparatively little research has been offered on practical organizational adaptation and leadership specific to the UAE. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 13-13 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=004&rid=5583 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505583 Classification-JEL: M10 Keywords: Expatriate leadership, leadership styles, management, organizational Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SITI ZUBAIDAH ANUAR Author-Name-First: SITI ZUBAIDAH Author-Name-Last: ANUAR Author-Email: szubaidah@iium.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA Title: Culturally Responsive Teaching in the Higher Learning Institutions Abstract: This paper presents an evident that there is a need for Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) in English language classrooms in higher learning institutions. CRT is relatively a new concept to be explored in the Malaysian educational setting and studies have been conducted and researchers suggested trainings to help teachers to manage their racially diverse classroom should be carried out (Tengku Nor Rizan, Nooreiny, & Manisah, 2013; Faizah, 2014). With an increase enrolment of international students to Malaysian higher learning institutions, the teachers teaching in the universities who prepare the students with English language proficiency and also other related English courses should be equipped the with culturally responsive pedagogy. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to 9 English language teachers teaching in 2 different language faculties from two universities in the country to find out if the teachers do have traits of CRT. The findings show that teachers do have traits of becoming culturally responsive and welcoming the idea of becoming culturally responsive in the classroom. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 14-14 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=005&rid=5782 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505782 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Culture, culturally responsive teaching, higher learning institutions, English language classroom. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505782 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tugay ARAT Author-Name-First: Tugay Author-Name-Last: ARAT Author-Email: tarat@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University, Faculty Of Tourism Title: The Role of Social Media in Tourism Abstract: As a result of the developments in information and communication Technologies, and their widely and densely use new marketing mediums have recently emerged. A number of platforms have also appeared in product preference in terms of consumers. The masses communicate with each other on social media. Firms are looking for the ways of affecting the preferences of customers, and they use social media as a marketing environment. Today, the competition between firms has raised, therefore most firms find traditional marketing methods inadequate in reaching to their customers. Therefore, they aim to take action in every environment in which customers exist. This situation causes producing firms to; conduct marketing activities in a more number of ways in digital or virtual media. In recent years, in tourism industry hotel services also use social media for purposes such as effective advertisement, reaching more customers and building brand loyalty. Through social media, tourism services can reach to more customer faster. Besides, customers can also quickly reach to tourism services through their social media accounts in the stages of information searching, assessment of alternatives, selecting choices and purchasing. The aim of this study is to explain how hotel services manage their Facebook accounts and which features they use, and to bring forward proposals. For this reason, Facebook accounts of these hotel services has been studied through content analysis method. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 15-15 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=006&rid=6052 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506052 Classification-JEL: M30 Keywords: Tourism, Communication Technologies, Social Media Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ayse ARAT Author-Name-First: Ayse Author-Name-Last: ARAT Author-Email: aysena@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University, Faculty Of Law Title: 3rd PARTY?S ESTABLISHMENT OF RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHILD ACCORDING TO TURKISH CIVIL LAW Abstract: As a member of the family, the relationship of the child with the parents is considered in custody institution. But, how should the relationship be established with the other parent of the child if custody is given to one of the parents due to the termination of family relationship? If this condition is left to the initiative of the parents with the custody, especially in cases where an abrasive divorce process is experienced, it can lead to the use of children as a revenge tool. At this point, with the idea that it is to the benefit of the child to establish relationship with both parents even if separately, the legislator has made a legal regulation on this issue (TCL. Art. 323-324). According to the regulation mentioned, each of the parents has the right to request the establishment of appropriate personal relationship with the child who is not under his/her custody or is not given to him/her. But not only parents, third parties other than those, for example a grandparent may request to establish a personal relationship with the child in such a case. Turkish Civil Code allows a third person to establish a personal relationship with the child to the extent that it is to the benefit of the child (TCL. Art. 325). In our study issues of the conditions under which children can establish relationships with third parties, who can be accepted in this context and how to provide this relationship are considered. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 16-16 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=007&rid=6053 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506053 Classification-JEL: K36 Keywords: Turkish Civil Law, Family Law, Custody Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506053 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: AYDIN AYDIN Author-Name-First: AYDIN Author-Name-Last: AYDIN Author-Email: aydinap@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Suleyman Demirel University Title: CHANGING DYNAMICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AFTER THE ARAB AWAKENING; THE POSITION OF TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY Abstract: The transformation and power struggle in the Middle East after the Arab Spring and actual withdrawal of the USA in December 2011 from Iraq and therefore from the Middle East caused serious changes in the dynamics and balances of the region. The aim of this paper is to investigate evolving foreign policy strategies, activities of both regional and global actors on Middle East from the perspective of Turkey. The changes in the Middle East policy of Turkey after such changes and the effects of regional and systemic actors on such changes were studied comparatively with the foreign policies of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The national powers of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, the effective power centers in the region, were measured and compared to each other. Within this context, it was attempted to reveal the roles that these countries assumed in the changes in the region based on their powers from the perspective of Turkey. Furthermore, the critiques of relations of Turkey with the region countries and the foreign policy approaches it abortively produced against the regional changes were assessed within the new atmosphere developing in the Middle East. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 17-29 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=008&rid=5993 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505993 Classification-JEL: R59, F50, R58 Keywords: Middle East, Power Struggle, Turkish Foreign Policy, Regional Power Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505993 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Edward Bace Author-Name-First: Edward Author-Name-Last: Bace Author-Email: e.bace@mdx.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Middlesex University Business School Title: Cost of Capital, Returns and Leverage: Empirical Analysis of S&P 500 Abstract: PurposeThe theoretical construct of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which uses an expected equity return, suggests that lower WACC, often facilitated by use of debt, should result in commensurate returns to shareholders, and higher shareholder value, that is if management is adept at investing in projects yielding returns at or above the WACC. In other words, finding good projects ought to be made easier by a lower hurdle rate on investment, thus translating into returns comparable to or above the WACC, and higher valuations. Is this actually the case? Does the relation between WACC, actual returns, and financial leverage also hold, as predicted, where higher leverage should result in lower WACC, and higher actual returns?MethodologyThis brief study looks at performance and valuation (total equity market returns to shareholders, and market values, on an annual basis) of S&P 500 companies over a recent ten year period (2006-2015), versus valuations implied by price to book ratios and WACC based on firm leverage. We compare theoretical valuations with the actual, and note variations year on year, but greater similarity over a longer time frame. Regression analysis is performed on these shareholder returns and valuations versus equity cost of these companies as computed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Bloomberg data. Another regression is run on WACC versus financial leverage (net debt to market capitalisation) for the same sample.FindingsThe study finds mixed evidence that expected return on equity, regarded as a benchmark for shareholder returns, was commensurate with actual returns and valuations on average over the time frame. R squared is low, but the analysis has significance. While the S&P 500 earned an annual total shareholder return of 11.8% over the period. and average cost of equity was 10.8%, there is a negative relation between values predicted by WACC and the actual ones. ImplicationsThis result leads us to look for other explanations as to why this should be. These include management capabilities, target capital structure and time horizon. We make suggestions for further research, encompassing different and wider samples. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 30-30 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=009&rid=6087 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506087 Classification-JEL: G30, G32, G39 Keywords: cost of capital, leverage, corporate finance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506087 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Claudiu Barbu Author-Name-First: Claudiu Author-Name-Last: Barbu Author-Email: claudiu.barbu@ubbonline.ubbcluj.ro Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Title: Factors influencing Pension Privatization in former communist countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia Abstract: From 1990 onwards, a significant number of former communist countries from Eastern Europe and Central Asia decided to reform their public pension system by creating a mandatory private pillar. Other ex-communist countries from the same two regions only made some parametric changes to their public pension system. There are concurrent theories trying to explain why certain countries implemented a paradigmatic reform on the pension systems while others did not. All these theories are focusing on what factors determine the decision makers to reform the public pension system: the coercion of international financial institution, demographic and economic pressures, political support, the relative strength of government and unions or the proportion of peer countries that have adopted similar measures. This study tests the influence of all the factors mentioned above on the decision to adopt the pension privatization in former communist countries from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Using event history analysis with time-varying covariates of data from 24 states between 1990 and 2013 the study shows that the probability to reform the public pension system in one country increases as the proportion of neighbor countries who adopted the same measure rises. The conclusions of this research can be compared with those taken from the interviews with the decision makers from countries of interest. Also, the research can be used as a starting point for studying the steps backwards made on this path by Hungary, Poland and Argentina. These countries had reversed the pension privatization by transferring savings under management by private pension funds back to the public sector. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 31-42 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=010&rid=5983 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505983 Classification-JEL: A14, G23, P29 Keywords: pension reform, ex-communist countries, mandatory private pillar, coercion of international financial institution, demographic and economic pressures, diffusion wave Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nicoletta Baskiewicz Author-Name-First: Nicoletta Author-Name-Last: Baskiewicz Author-Email: nicoletta-p@o2.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University of Cz?stochowa, Faculty of Management Author-Name: Aneta Pachura Author-Name-First: Aneta Author-Name-Last: Pachura Author-Email: anetapachura@o2.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University of Cz?stochowa, Faculty of Management Title: The concept of ?empowerment? in the research on organization and innovativeness Abstract: The dynamic nature of the socio ? economic environment and a necessity to improvement of management systems of today's organizations leads to undertaking a research on an importance of organizational social potential and its dimensions. The theory of management science has a rich set of management concepts related to social potential. Very valuable concepts seem to be highly exposing the subjectivity and individuality of employees in organization. The aim of this study is an attempt to interpret the concept of empowerment from the perspective of this research on organization, and its potential of innovation.The study was focused on basic interpretation and systematization of the empowerment concept. The text indicated selected properties of empowerment such as engagement, initiative, creativity, autonomy, freedom, responsibility, efficiency etc. Further conceptualization of the concept was carried out from the managerial perspective as well as psychological dimension. On this background the study distinguished attributes and possibility of application of the empowerment concept in the area of development of the innovation potential of the organization. Among others, it was pointed out, for example: the space of social relationships, social awareness, organizational climate, active and free information exchange, access to knowledge, creation of new knowledge, organizational roles, flexibility and decentralization of organizational structures. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 43-43 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=011&rid=6141 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506141 Classification-JEL: M51, O15, O31 Keywords: empowerment, innovativeness, organization, management, conceptualisation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Özlem Becerik Yolda? Author-Name-First: Özlem Author-Name-Last: Becerik Yolda? Author-Email: oez_bec@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Author-Name: Yunus Yolda? Author-Name-First: Yunus Author-Name-Last: Yolda? Author-Email: yunus_yoldas@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Title: Coalition governments and their structures in Turkey Abstract: A coalition refers to an alliance of two or more political parties to form a government and to perceive common interests for a continuance of a parliamentary term. In general, if no political party achieved an absolute majority of mandates in general elections, a coalition government will be formed. In West European parliamentary systems, coalitions are unavoidable. With a view to political systems in Europe, coalition cabinets are common, such as in Germany, Italy, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands. Since its foundation in 1923, Turkey is also characterized by coalition governments which were unstable and negative assessed by the media and public at large. In particular, at times of political unrest and economic crises including the military coup in 1960,1970 and 1980, fifteen coalition governments in the Turkish parliamentary system.have been formed. Against this background, the main focus of the paper will be on the lifespan and stability of coalition governments in Turkey. The paper then investigates the main reasons for the resolution of coalition governments and their impacts on political culture in Turkey. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 44-53 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=012&rid=5616 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505616 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Turkey, coalition governments, polititcal culture Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Subodh Bhat Author-Name-First: Subodh Author-Name-Last: Bhat Author-Email: sbhat@sfsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: San Francisco State University Title: Ethnic Entrepreneurship in the U.S. High-tech Industry Abstract: Since the 1990s, there has been an explosion of startups by Indians and Chinese in the U.S. high-tech industry. This study investigates the motivations, support systems, networks, attitudes and behaviors of these new Indian entrepreneurs based on interviews with over two dozen entrepreneurs and a web survey of eighty respondents. The respondent sample was predominantly male, between 30 and 49 years of age and had masters degrees.Our respondent entrepreneurs were motivated primarily by the desire to create something new and the potential for making money. Other major motivators were the propensity for action (?doing?), the excitement of entrepreneurship, the desire for autonomy and having the technological edge or industry vision. They relied on friends, former co-workers and relatives for help in starting the business. They also highlighted the importance of fellow Indians (informal rather than formal networks) in the startup process. This was also demonstrated in the fact that about three-fourth of the co-founders of our respondents? businesses were Indians. Surprisingly, university ties and formal professional networks, whether Indian or not, were rated least influential in the startup process. Whereas former co-workers, friends, and other Indians helped across a range of business functions, family help was mainly in the realm of finance. Only one-fifth of these entrepreneurs received help from any government institution. Our respondents rated their success in business as quite high on various measures. Unfortunately, they also reported that their businesses were not generally quite profitable. They judged their success not only on the basis of typical business barometers like revenues and profits, but also on personal wealth, sense of achievement and organization-building.Our respondents attributed their success mainly to hard work and focus or drive. Other major factors were supportive relationships at work and with family and friends, technical knowledge and experience, command of English, education in the U.S., and access to finance. Friends, former co-workers, and the general category of Indians played major roles in the success of these entrepreneurs. Surprisingly, relatives and university mates were not considered very crucial for success. Business or professional organizations were rated least important. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 54-54 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=013&rid=5861 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505861 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Entrepreneurship, high-tech, startup success Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505861 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nisigandha Bhuyan Author-Name-First: Nisigandha Author-Name-Last: Bhuyan Author-Email: nisigandha@iimcal.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Title: FREEDOM, CAPITALISM, AND INSTITUTIONS FOR DELIVERING SOCIAL JUSTICE Abstract: The economic system of capitalism thrives on two things: individuals? freedom and private property rights. However, individual freedom as it has come to be understood by modern political and economic institutions is only limited to individual choice. If individual choice, in the name of freedom, is so promoted then social justice remains to be a highly distant idea. Social justice can be possible if only choice is morally reasoned and importance is given to what is chosen rather than self-gratifying individual choice. In other words, do economic and political systems allow room for philosophical deliberations, beyond ornamental, instinctive and/or idiosyncratic discussions. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 55-55 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=014&rid=5742 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505742 Classification-JEL: P16, A13 Keywords: ethics; capitalism; social justice; moral reasoning; individual freedom Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: TOMASZ BICHTA Author-Name-First: TOMASZ Author-Name-Last: BICHTA Author-Email: tbichta@o2.pl Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF MARIA CURIE SKLODOWSKA Title: Ethnic or nonethnic. What are the political parties in SubSaharan Africa. Abstract: The paper examines the issue of ethnicity in political parties and its implications for democracy in three African countries: Nigeria, Ghana and Namibia. It also examines the ways ethnic and nonethnic parties deal on political market in different countries. Ethnicity seems to be one of the most important factors that affects on political and social life in African countries. Moreover, since the colonialism and its ruthless and formal end, it is still present in daily life with double power. It is also a frequent element of political parties and their formation. Does it help or leads to conflicts? Is it necessary or avoidable? African politics seems to be accustomed to its ethnical affects and political organizations with ethnic factor are prevalenced all over the continent. It is not a rule however and we have some countries with the advantage of nonethnic parties. For sure the understanding of the ethnicity issue on the political scene allows for more insightful research of party development and dynamics on the continent. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 56-56 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=015&rid=5944 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505944 Classification-JEL: D72, F54, D73 Keywords: Africa, political party, party structure, ethnicity Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505944 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pauline Cooper-Ioelu Author-Name-First: Pauline Author-Name-Last: Cooper-Ioelu Author-Email: p.cooper-ioelu@auckland.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Auckland, New Zealand Title: Course (re)design for Active Learning Abstract: This practical workshop offers a number of principles vital for the design and implementation of university courses for face to face, blended, and online teaching contexts. We will use the learning design framework proposed by Oliver (1999, 2001) and Oliver and Herrington (2001), which offers a comprehensive framework for planning and implementing courses. Participants will be guided through a series of learning activities that will enable them to design or re-design selected elements of a course, develop and trial these elements with access to expert input from a learning designer, and provide and receive peer review. You will also sample a number of tools that may assist you with course design, and examine ways to improve your own teaching practice. Some consideration will be given to how faculty might evidence innovation in course design for promotion. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 57-57 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=016&rid=5894 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505894 Classification-JEL: I23 Keywords: technology enhanced learning, innovation, learning design model, course redesign, active learning Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505894 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Fischler Author-Name-First: Michael Author-Name-Last: Fischler Author-Email: mfischler@plymouth.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Plymouth State University of the University System of New Hampshire Title: Crisis to Opportunity to Change Abstract: As diverse groups (from tenured professors to their unbenefited colleagues; Palestinian intifadists to Zionist real estate developers; native Europeans to crisis driven refugees; entrenched leaders in their ?Arab Winters? to fellow countrymen in their discordant ?Arab Springs?) struggle to gain possession of lost, stolen, or disputed pieces of soil or self, our world finds itself enmeshed in ever deepening levels of conflict. Diverse groups collide in a battle to attain the prizes of territory, identity, security, and respect. As battle lines are drawn, friction becomes evident and conflict becomes endemic.These are the conflicts that know no boundaries. They release their tremors into Everyman?s village and their traumas into Everyman?s soul. Like swollen streams, they flow down trash-laden streets and onto tree-lined boulevards. They move from sectors of third world tragedy through centers of new world trade; through the halls of fortified high schools and over the walls of sanctified universities; into pristine rural communities and through sectarian tribal villages; through distressed urban war zones and into sheltered enclaves of wealth.These are the conflicts that ignore the rules of scholarly discourse. They are filled with all the invective and passion that diverse groups, struggling for their social, intellectual, and/or physical lives tend to manifest. To some they are threatening. To others they are encouraging. To all they are stimulating.They capture attention; they capture imagination; and they capture resources?Triggers for these conflicts seem to exist most everywhere... a political slight; a perceived inequity; a change in the balance of power; a long-standing hurt; today?s exploitation; yesterday?s grudge.Along with a diversity of triggers comes a diversity of targets...Corporations with unimaginable wealth... Nations with unimaginable power... Well-established political bodies? Newly-established political movements? Universities? A religiously sectarian community? None are beyond scrutiny. None are beyond threat.The author/presenter explores how conflict can provide individuals, institutions and political states with precious opportunities to recognize and institute procedures that can lead toward creating personal, social and political change. A model designed to effectively process conflict and facilitate essential change, the seven stage "Crisis to Opportunity to Change" is presented. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 58-65 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=017&rid=5635 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505635 Classification-JEL: A14 Keywords: Culture, Conflict, Change, Crisis, Growth Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Somnath Ghosh Author-Name-First: Somnath Author-Name-Last: Ghosh Author-Email: somnath.ghosh@iimkashipur.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Management Kashipur Title: Impacting on Society: Exploring Common Ground behind the Power of Individual Initiatives Abstract: Social and ecological entrepreneurs take initiatives to set up social enterprises. Some endure, some do not; some reach a scale where questions of sustainability or replication become issues. This paper first seeks to explore if there are some common elements behind all the diverse initiatives. Drawing on primary as well secondary sources, this paper identifies four key elements. The first thing that emerges is a deep awareness bordering on engagement with some problematic aspect of social life in which the native is located. It is only then that the second element - what one may call ?the churning within? ? emerges. This is irrespective of clarity about the nature of change and the desired medium, but have such varying elements as values, restlessness, a missionary zeal to change, questioning life goals, leap of faith or the urge to put in action an executable idea. Interestingly, this ?churning within? is quite different from the usually bandied about ?passion? and ?commitment?. The third element appears to be an alignment of the native?s chosen arena of work with her innate ability (aka KSA). But it is the fourth element - the native?s ability to attract and develop intermediate levels of leadership ? that distinguishes whether a social enterprise will flower or remain diminutive, if not squelch. Once this stage is reached, the entrepreneurial organization has morphed into a business organization, even if the profit motivation is not the determining characteristic. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 66-66 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=018&rid=6151 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506151 Classification-JEL: Keywords: social and ecological entrepreneurs; social life; social entrepreneurs; intermediate leadership Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Marcela Göttlichová Author-Name-First: Marcela Author-Name-Last: Göttlichová Author-Email: gottlichova@fmk.utb.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Tomas Bata University in Zlin Title: The impact of the "destruction" of authority on the adolescent generation of the contemporary Czech society and their value orientat Abstract: The fundamental premise of the presented study is the transformation of socialization isochronous factors in the contemporary adolescent generation in the reflection of changes of the post-revolutionary period of the Czech society when especially the social system changes had presented a significant devaluation of values, norms and behavioral patterns. The primary attention is directed towards the growing issue of the authority loss of the most significant socialization factors, for it is authority as a social institute who plays the important role in the socialization process of the youth in its intentional as well as functional part. Once we see the base of the value orientation of an individual in the set and system of their accepted, recognized and preferred values within the contemporary reflection of the decreasing influence of family and school to the detriment of the increasing influence of the media, we will face the question whether the adolescent generation is able to sufficiently resist the omnipresent presentation of values of the modern consumer society with its characteristic "overestimated importance of the consumption of tangible assets". The today?s medialized world which allows children and adolescents to enjoy much greater autonomy than they could have achieved earlier, plays a more and more prominent role in their lives. The objective of the study is not only to find an answer to the question formulated in the following way: ?What value system does the contemporary adolescent generation prefer?? but also whether we may verify the assumed "destruction" of authorities of the primary socialization factors, i.e. of family and school. The study focuses on the youth in their adolescent age because the particular age becomes one of the key parts of a human life, when they experience dramatic life turning points and changes during which their personalities undergo a complex transition. The selection of two target groups, i.e. the age of puberty and adolescence, is intentional as the particular ages represent not only a specific period of an individual`s development which is full of transformations of mental as well as physical aspects, but at the same time a significant milestone in the adolescent socialization. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 67-67 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=019&rid=6200 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506200 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Socialization, value orientation, value system, authority, puberty and adolescence. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Erina Gyoba Author-Name-First: Erina Author-Name-Last: Gyoba Author-Email: gyoba@irides.tohoku.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Intenational Research Institute of Disaster and Science of Tohoku University Title: People?s Awareness of Natural Disaster Risks: Differences across Regions and Generations Abstract: Abstract: Natural disasters have profound impacts on the sustainability of societies. Japan is a nation surrounded by the sea, and some regions are prone to suffer from natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis due to geographical characteristics. To develop and maintain a sustainable society, appropriate preventive measures should be incorporated into the social system, taking into consideration the people?s awareness of natural disaster risks. For this purpose, the present study investigated people?s sensitivity to risks induced by natural disasters, specifically focusing on a tsunami disaster. The investigation focused on the 2011 East Japan Earthquake off the Pacific Coast, and included five different participant groups: a group of residents (approximately 40 to70 years old) who directly suffered from the tsunami damage, two student groups (university and high school) located at the damaged regions, and two university student groups that were located in unaffected regions in Japan. The investigation was conducted by a questionnaire asking the participants to evaluate the safety or dangerousness of five different tsunami heights by using a five-point rating scale. The obtained data were subjected to a psychometric analysis calculating tsunami height thresholds regarded as safe. As a result, the lowest threshold of tsunami height regarded as safe was 0.94 meters for the group of residents in the damaged region. In contrast, the group of high school students in the damaged region revealed the highest threshold for the safe tsunami height, indicating that they do not feel danger until the tsunami height rises over 2.7 meters. Therefore, the residents in the damaged regions have the highest sensitivity to the risks posed by a tsunami, while the high school students in the damaged region have the lowest cautiousness despite the fact that they experienced the same disaster. Among the groups of university students, those who lived in the unaffected areas located furthest from the damaged region showed the highest threshold value of 2.56 meters, suggesting that they have very low risk sensitivity to tsunamis. These results clearly indicate that younger people and those who have not experienced a tsunami disaster are less conscious of the risks involved.Based on these differences in people?s risk awareness for natural disasters, appropriate preventive measures and educational programs should be incorporated into the social system in order to develop and maintain a sustainable society, and these should consider generational and environmental differences of residents. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 68-74 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=020&rid=5509 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505509 Classification-JEL: H84, Q54, I00 Keywords: Awareness of Natural Disaster Risks, Environmental difference, Generation difference, Disaster Preventive Measures, Sustainable society Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jost Halfmann Author-Name-First: Jost Author-Name-Last: Halfmann Author-Email: jost.halfmann@tu-dresden.de Author-Workplace-Name: TU Dresden, Institute of Sociology Title: The political meaning and thrust of populist movements Abstract: Populist movements are abound in Europe: since the 1990s such movements and parties as Podemos in Spain, the Lega Nord in Italy, the UKIP in England or the Front National in France sprang up and attracted substantial numbers of voters and followers over time. Populist movemements and parties claim to speak for the people, they oppose elites in politics and economy and large associations and demand direct democracy. The thesis of the paper is that these movements and parties protest against the perceived erosion of the political status of the people as the legitimate constituent of democratic rule. According to populist views, political and social elites violate the obligation of the implicit contract between elites and the people to pursue the common good of the people in exchange for the people's loyalty to political rule. This loyalty appears to be challengd by perceived corruption, fatal governmental decisions and actions risking the wealth and the security of the nation, among which immigration politics rank highly. Immigration violates this contract because, as populists see it, only the people (that is: the legal and legitimate members of a constituency) should profit from the provisions of the state (welfare, safety, public order). The paper will illustrate this thesis by comparing selected populist movements and parties and reflect on the possible consequences of populism for representative democracy. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 75-75 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=021&rid=6108 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506108 Classification-JEL: Keywords: populism, protest, common good, immigration Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: OZHAN HANCILAR Author-Name-First: OZHAN Author-Name-Last: HANCILAR Author-Email: hancilar@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY Title: The Ultimate Enemy for Turkey: PKK Abstract: This paper will take a brief look at an illegal armed group in Turkey, the PKK (Kurdistan Workers? Party), which is classified as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the U.S. and the European Union. In addition to academic works, the paper will be based on sources from the media. The group has been waging a violent separatist campaign against Turkey since 1984. The PKK suffered a severe setback when its leader, Abdullah Ocalan, was captured by Turkey in 1999. The organization gave up its demands for independence, demanding instead more autonomy and rights for the Kurds in Turkey. A two-year-long ceasefire between Turkey and the PKK collapsed in July 2015. Violence has returned to the Eastern Turkey as the fragile peace process fails. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 76-76 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=022&rid=5898 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505898 Classification-JEL: D74, F51, H56 Keywords: PKK, Turkey, Kurds, Conflict Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SHAHARIAR HUDA Author-Name-First: SHAHARIAR Author-Name-Last: HUDA Author-Email: shahariarhuda@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kuwait University Title: OPTIMAL DESIGN PROBLEMS FOR TRIGONOMETRIC REGRESSION MODELS Abstract: The problems of optimally designing experiments for trigonometric regression models over an interval on the real line are considered for the situation where estimation of the differences between responses at two points in the factor space is of primary interest. Minimization of the variance of the difference between estimated responses at two points maximized over all pairs of points in the region of interest is taken as the design criterion. Optimal designs under the minimax criterion are derived for various set-ups for the first-order model. Some comparisons with the traditional D-optimal designs are also provided. Open problems for further research are indicated. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 77-77 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=023&rid=5662 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505662 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Minimax designs, Optimal designs, Response surface designs, Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Faizah Idrus Author-Name-First: Faizah Author-Name-Last: Idrus Author-Email: ifaizah@iium.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: The International Islamic University Malaysia Title: Modelling Culturally Responsive Teaching: A Case-Based Study in the Malaysian Setting Abstract: Heterogeneity in the Malaysian school system has divided students of various cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The chances of getting a group of multicultural students in a classroom are far slimmer in the rural areas than in schools situated in the urban areas. The classroom composition in the urban areas displays a different pattern depending on the location of the schools. With this imbalance, Malaysia?s existence as a multicultural nation lies more in name than in reality. With the call for greater enhancement of unity and integration among ethnic community in schools (Preliminary Report Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025, this study intends to examine the significance of the Third Space theory by looking through the lens of Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT). Gay (2000) defines culturally responsive teaching as using the cultural knowledge, prior experiences, and performance styles of diverse students to make learning more appropriate and effective for them; it teaches to and through the strengths of these students. While the Third Space theory (Bhabha, 1994) accentuates the importance of using students home/community experiences to that of schools, which is thus far being sidelined in the Malaysian setting. The Third space is an interstice or a place in-between which is imperative for students who come from diverse cultures. This investigation therefore aims to 1. draw out the elements of CRT for teachers. 2. model these elements to be used in the secondary school English language classrooms and 3. determine teachers/students responses towards CRT. Two short stories (Malaysian-based stories) are chosen. A mixed method approach will be used employing primarily qualitative inquiry through phenomenological approach (interviews with teachers and students and classroom observations will be conducted) and a set of questionnaire to elicit pertinent information on teachers common practices in the English classrooms.20 schools from 4 regions in Malaysia will be identified and Form 4 students (and their teachers) will be selected as respondents. The findings from teachers/students responses will point to the direction of how teachers have afforded the spaces for CRT through infusing CRT skills in language classrooms. Through this investigation, teachers and students responses of the use of CRT elements/materials in the English language classrooms are recorded and analysed to determine their willingness/reluctance to adopt this approach in the classroom. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 78-78 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=024&rid=5624 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505624 Classification-JEL: C93, I29 Keywords: Culturally Responsive Teaching; Third Space Theory; ESL Classrooms Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Selma ?NFAL Author-Name-First: Selma Author-Name-Last: ?NFAL Author-Email: sinfal@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Author-Name: Esra USLU Author-Name-First: Esra Author-Name-Last: USLU Author-Email: esrauslu@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Author-Name: Menek?e Nazl? Aker Author-Name-First: Menek?e Nazl? Author-Name-Last: Aker Author-Email: menekseaker@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Title: Use of Decision Support Systems in Nursing Field: Turkey Profile Abstract: This systematic review assesses decision support systems used in nursing area in Turkey and effect of these systems on nursing care. This study was conducted using scientific search engines such as Ulakbim Medical Data Base, Turkish Medline Data Base, National Thesis Center, Turkish Citation Index, Turkish Psychiatry Index, Academic Index. As determined, keywords were searched in several combinations. A total of two theses that met the inclusion criteria were involved in the evaluation. This systematic review shows that the studies on this issue are very limited in terms of quantitative perspective but the results are positive. In this context, it is suggested that the number studies which are evaluating the effectiveness of the nursing care with clinical decision support systems are increased and similar studies are planned with various nursing practices. Length: 5 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 79-83 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=025&rid=5973 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505973 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Decision support systems, nursing, care, Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rahi Jain Author-Name-First: Rahi Author-Name-Last: Jain Author-Email: rahijain@iitb.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Author-Name: Bakul Rao Author-Name-First: Bakul Author-Name-Last: Rao Author-Email: bakulrao@iitb.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Title: India's Focus On Medical Diagnostic Laboratories: Indian Planning and Programmes Abstract: Healthy lives and well being for all is one of the goals in Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDG) that is strongly dependent on a nation?s healthcare system. In any modern healthcare system, laboratory diagnostics play a crucial role for effective system?s functioning as it helps in evidence based decision-making but the focus on laboratory diagnostics system is inadequate especially nationally. However, globally and nationally problems in laboratory diagnostic systems have been raised, but more focus is demanded. This study focuses on understanding the government past Five-yearhealth plans and current national health programmes to understand the focus given to the laboratory systems both historically and in present. This will allow in filling the gap of linking the current status of laboratory systems with the historical approaches of India. This linkage will enable a more comprehensive understanding of the India?s current state of laboratory diagnostic system and will help current and future planners and decision makers like Niti Aayog in better decision-making.The study performed two phases of inductive approach based content analysis. The first phase is involved in the analysis of the Five-Year health plans for understanding the focus areas in health sector over the years. Second Phase is involved in the analysis of major health programmes for understanding the current focus areas of medical diagnostic laboratory system in the health sector. The study has found that laboratory diagnostics was given focus in the various health plans but the scope and the depth of discussion was very limited. Further, the focus on laboratory diagnostic systems and its various components is found to be variable among all major national health programmes and very limited. The study concludes that the India?s focus on the laboratory diagnostic system is very limited and inadequate. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 84-95 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=026&rid=5995 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505995 Classification-JEL: Keywords: India Health Sector, India health plans, India health programmes Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505995 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rahi Jain Author-Name-First: Rahi Author-Name-Last: Jain Author-Email: Rahijain@iitb.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Author-Name: Bakul Rao Author-Name-First: Bakul Author-Name-Last: Rao Author-Email: Bakulrao@iitb.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Title: Taxonomy of Challenges in Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Services Abstract: The Sustainable development goals 2030 has focused on human health and is dependent on a nation?s healthcare system. Medical diagnostic laboratory services (MDLS) plays an important role in the modern healthcare system as it significantly helps in evidence-based decision-making. The MDLS suffers from many issues identified both globally as well as nationally with steps taken to address those challenges. However, constrained understanding of challenges affecting MDLS made it difficult to design interventions which can cater to laboratory systems in more holistic and standardised manner. Accordingly, it is required to categorize and develop the taxonomy of the various challenges existing in MDLS that will help in defining the scope of challenges and will provide an overview of the various challenges to which a laboratory can get exposed to. This study develops the taxonomy of challenges that can be encountered in MDLS using systematic review. Further, the existence of those challenges in the Indian context is determined that will potentially validate theoretically identified challenges. In the study, the analysis for Indian context is performed using content analysis over the content collected by interacting with various health experts like doctors, lab managers and lab technicians coming from different type of laboratories. The study identified 30 challenges which are categorized in the three-layer hierarchy. The first layer consisted of two challenges followed by eight challenges in the second layer and 20 challenges in the third layer. Out of the 20 challenges in the last layer, 16 challenges could be identified in the Indian context based on the content analysis of the experts interactions. The study concludes that the challenges exist for the MDLS which could be categorized into three layers. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 96-111 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=027&rid=6096 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506096 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Medical Laboratory, laboratory services, laboratory challenges, Indian laboratory Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506096 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Erkan KAVAS Author-Name-First: Erkan Author-Name-Last: KAVAS Author-Email: drerkankavas@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Süleyman Demirel University Title: SPIRITUAL SUPPORT DURING THE ACTIVE AGING Abstract: The main purpose of the study is to investigate the contribution of spiritual support in order to increase old people's life quality and help them take active roles during active aging period. In the study, data was analyzed by reviewing the litrature on what to be done to ensure old people's participation in the active ageing period and the literature about why they should be provided with spiritual support during this period. When the related literature was reviewed scanned, it was found that there have been many studies on active ageing while there are few studies on spiritual support/care during old age. The most distictive feature of this study is that this is the first study aiming at analyzing the spiritual care during active ageing. Conclusion; In order for the old to take part in the active ageing life and this participation to be continuous, there is a need to offer the old who demand spiritual support services besides providing proper accomodation, working, health, solving psychological and economical problems and establishing solidarity environment. Considering the fact that the difficulties the elderly people experience including physical, mental or health collapse and that they feel densely that they have one foot in the grave, it's an indispensible need to satisfy their mind, logic and soul. Spiritual support service is the only solution for such psychological difficultis as well as physical ones. Spiritual support services should be used and provided for the old in order to help them involved in active ageing,to take part in the active ageing process continuously so that they feel the need for an active life and stay motivated for an active life. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 112-123 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=028&rid=6079 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506079 Classification-JEL: D46, Z12, I19 Keywords: Active Aging, Spiritual Support, Spiritual Care , Aging, Elderly, Spirit, Moral Values Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506079 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Koz?owska Author-Name-First: Magdalena Author-Name-Last: Koz?owska Author-Email: magdalena.kozlowska@ue.katowice.pl Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics in Katowice Title: The main determinants of the sectors and industries of the Polish economy for foreign direct investment Abstract: On the basis of the available material I shall investigate the attractiveness of sectors and branches of the Polish economy for foreign direct investment (FDI).First of all, they are identified sectors and industries of the Polish economy which now became attractive from the foreign direct investors point of view. I shall also identify and specify the general conditions for investment in those sectors and industries.Next I shall indicate the change of the sectorally-trade attractiveness of the Polish economy since the 90s., that is since the initial period of transformation of the socio-economic development in the country took place. In that period there was a significant improvement in the general conditions for foreign capital in comparison with the period of real socialism.In the process of analysis I will attempt to compare the attractiveness of sectors and industries of the Polish economy and the economies of European countries, especially the Central and Eastern Europe as direct competitors in the Polish struggle for obtaining foreign capital.The basis of all of the analyzes will be mainly sources of the Polish Agency for Information and Foreign Investment, which, among other things, deals with searching for attractive locations for investment as well as materials Ministry of Economy and of the well-known consulting firm Ernst & Young. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 124-131 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=029&rid=6041 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506041 Classification-JEL: A10, F00 Keywords: attractiveness of sectors, attractiveness of industries, foreign direct investment Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Kreft Author-Name-First: Jan Author-Name-Last: Kreft Author-Email: kreftjan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Jagiellonian University Title: Media mission and CSR in polish media Abstract: The source of acceptance for public media is a strong belief in social value of honest and competent information reporting and its contextualization. At the same time, however, a basic deteriorating factor of media legitimization is their transformation into market-oriented economy. Commodification of media means constant pressure to increase the role of ?business? rhetoric and ?business? solutions. The pressure is manifested by the fact that numerous media organisations ? commercial and public ones ? have accepted solutions of corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, the scale of CSR implementation in Polish media organisations is diversified. The survey, which was conducted among the CEOs of some regional radio broadcast partnerships in Poland, indicates that only one of them has in fact accepted the CSR solutions. The majority of this group think there is no need to implement CSR because they consider it to be a duplication of the public media mission. Considering commercial media, all the biggest TV and radio stations apply CSR. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 132-138 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=030&rid=5923 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505923 Classification-JEL: M14, L82 Keywords: media, CSR, Poland Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505923 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hyun Wu Lee Author-Name-First: Hyun Wu Author-Name-Last: Lee Author-Email: hyun_wu.lee@qatar.tamu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Texas A&M University at Qatar Title: ?His great object is to be continued in Command in this Province?: The Quartering Dispute of 1757-58 Abstract: Colonel Henry Bouquet, best known for his illustrious military career in the British army during the Seven Years? War, set sailed to Charles Town, South Carolina, in the summer of 1757, after receiving an assignment from his superior Lord Loudoun to defend the southern provinces of British North America. His mission was to raise provincial troops, supervise fortification projects of the city, and suppress a potential slave insurrection in the colony where enslaved Africans outnumbered white colonists. A seemingly innocuous assignment, however, quickly turned sour for Bouquet when he landed in Charles Town?s harbor with his troops.An issue of quartering soldiers consumed most of Bouquet?s nine-month stay in Charles Town as he clashed with the Commons House of South Carolina over the terms on how much should the colonial government ought to pay and what provisions should be provided to His Majesty?s Troops. Traditionally, historians have treated this dispute as a military-civilian friction in which the both sides attempted to define the constitutional authority of British army in the American colonies.On a closer examination of Bouquet?s activities in Charles Town, however, a new alternative explanation emerges. Shortly after his arrival in Charles Town, Bouquet acquired plantations and slaves with the help of his fellow Swiss-Protestant officers in the British army and the French-Huguenot community in Charles Town. Upon learning that Bouquet had been ?endeavouring to acquire Property,? South Carolina Governor, William Henry Lyttelton, accused Bouquet and his fellow Swiss officers of pursuing their private interests. In short, ethnic politics shaped Charles Town?s quartering dispute as much as the disagreement over constitutional ground as the colonial elites of Scottish background exercised their power to oppose and undermine the Swiss-French officer?s mission in South Carolina. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 139-139 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=031&rid=6007 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506007 Classification-JEL: N91 Keywords: Henry Bouquet, William Henry Lyttelton, Charles Town, Swiss-French Huguenots, Quartering Dispute, Scottish, Highlanders Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jaeho Lee Author-Name-First: Jaeho Author-Name-Last: Lee Author-Email: jhlee1281@naver.com Author-Workplace-Name: Gyeongin National University of Education Title: Exploring the Types of e-Learning Contents for the Scientifically Gifted Abstract: In 1998, Korean Ministry of Science and Technology selected the Institute for the Scientifically Gifted (ISG) through public contest. The selected ISG taught the scientifically gifted for 100 hours and around 30% of the class was taught online. When the ISG was first established, the curriculum and textbook were not fully developed and it was difficult to find teachers for the classes which made it impossible to teach class offline for 100 hours. As a result of the establishment of the ISG, cyber education for the scientifically gifted was able to start.The ISG began by using the bulletin board system (BBS) for their cyber education for the scientifically gifted. For example, the teacher would upload information on offline classes and discussion subjects while the scientifically gifted would upload questions or tasks they had completed. However, the development of e-Learning contents for the scientifically gifted to self-direct their studies was insufficient. The usage of the BBS to share files and information has continued to this day, 2016.20 years have passed, now in 2016, since cyber education for the scientifically gifted began. However, not much has changed, which shows that cyber education for the scientifically gifted is at its peak. Many reasons for the unchanging cyber education for the scientifically gifted can be found. First, the classes from the ISG does not count as regular class time. Second, the prejudice against cyber education that states that cyber education only assists offline education and that with only cyber education, high-quality education for the gifted cannot be taught. Third, one of the critical success factors of cyber education is the development of high-quality content services, but the development and usage of e-Learning contents suited for the scientifically gifted has been done lazily.As a result of the reasons above, in this study we explore the types of e-Learning contents for the scientifically gifted. In order to achieve this study?s goal, we performed research following certain steps. First, we analyzed the characteristics of the scientifically gifted. Second, we defined the six types of e-Learning contents (i.e. tutorial-oriented, simulation-based, instructional material-oriented, task-oriented, discussion-oriented type) which were most fitting for the gifted. Third, we analyzed the best types of the e-Learning contents for the scientifically gifted by using the online survey system. For this study, the professional group participated in an online survey system in order to gather their opinions. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 140-140 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=032&rid=6131 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506131 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Cyber education, e-Learning, the scientifically gifted Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: MALGORZATA LEGOWIK- MALOLEPSZA Author-Name-First: MALGORZATA Author-Name-Last: LEGOWIK- MALOLEPSZA Author-Email: gosialegowikmalolepsza@op.pl Author-Workplace-Name: POLITECHNIKA CZESTOCHOWSKA Author-Name: SYLWIA LEGOWIK-SWIACIK Author-Name-First: SYLWIA Author-Name-Last: LEGOWIK-SWIACIK Author-Email: gosialegowikmalolepsza@op.pl Author-Workplace-Name: POLITECHNIKA CZESTOCHOWSKA Author-Name: SYLWIA KOWALSKA Author-Name-First: SYLWIA Author-Name-Last: KOWALSKA Author-Email: sylwiako@zim.pcz.pl Author-Workplace-Name: POLITECHNIKA CZESTOCHOWSKA Author-Name: MARCIN ST?PIE? Author-Name-First: MARCIN Author-Name-Last: ST?PIE? Author-Email: mstepien@zim.pcz.pl Author-Workplace-Name: POLITECHNIKA CZESTOCHOWSKA Title: SELECTED EXTERNAL SOURCES OF THE FINANCING OF DEVELOPMENT Abstract: Small and medium enterprises play an important role in the development of the economy of Poland. They are characterized by rapid response capability with reference to market needs, creativity, flexibility and adaptive efficiency and relatively low costs of maintaining jobs. SMEs are usually prepared for the initial stage of functioning while referring to their own savings, the support of the family and friends. Difficulties in access to capital frequently occur at the subsequent stage of life of the company when it is essential for its further functioning and development. The problem does not only refer to new businesses. Experienced entrepreneurs, who think about further development or expansion, also complain about difficulties in financing. The access to external financing of Polish small and medium enterprises is dependent on many factors, among which the following should be listed: the size of the company, type of the conducted activity, its financial situation and its individual preferences and possibilities. The aim of the paper is the evaluation of the access to external sources of the financing of activities of the SME sector in Poland based on literature studies and the information resulting from the research carried out by the Confederation of Lewiatan in the framework of the project ?Monitoring the condition of the MSME sector 2014?. In the included analysis, the attention has also been drawn to the availability of external sources, directions of their allocation and the achieved results or problems occurring while achieving relevant capital. Recognized the problem of the research work is valid and important because of the role played by SMEs in the development of the Polish economy. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 141-149 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=033&rid=6086 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506086 Classification-JEL: M21 Keywords: Sources of financing, credits, leasing, loads, EU funds, SMEs. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506086 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Wan-Tzu Lin Author-Name-First: Wan-Tzu Author-Name-Last: Lin Author-Email: pa6034044@mail.ncku.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Creative Industries Design, National Cheng Kung University Author-Name: Shyhnan Liou Author-Name-First: Shyhnan Author-Name-Last: Liou Author-Email: shyhnan@mail.ncku.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Creative Industries Design, National Cheng Kung University Title: How social enterprise attract public awareness using storytelling Abstract: Growing social enterprise seeks for innovation ways to reverse and challenge conventional thoughts in recent years for the purpose to meet the market demand while creating social value and exert influence. To this end, they face not only in property damage but also in positive contribution. However, the stakeholders of the public always are unfamiliar with social enterprise and ready for understand what they promote. They often put a label on them-false welfare, true enrichment with high ethical standards. Thus, how to communicate with the public on the social issues is the critical challenge of this social innovation. We argued that stories are good ways for sharing and convey value for social issues. Stories can represent experience, storytelling can coordinate human past, projects the future, thus resonates in the communication and then recognized with reality consensus. Social enterprise uses storytelling to create value and impress audiences to see, feel it, and then remember it in mind. This study aims to explore how to tell story in order to help social enterprise to convey values and efficiently diffuse its influence to the social dimension. Using cases study and review models of storytelling, the present study first identified the key elements of storytelling in promoting marketing of social enterprise. We found that the fundamental cause of the development of a thing lies in its internal story. The story structure includes the truth, experience, and behavior pattern shape of an organization. We also develop the effect process of storytelling should comprise stages which are control analysis, core spirit of social value, content analysis with adequate data to create deeper insight, just show it in the media, target specific objects, and get the audience involved. The story may have an unspeakably emotional motivation behind each sale in marketing. We propose that using storytelling to express the core of their emotions is not a persuasion but a deep interpersonal link. A good story is touching and borderless, and a culture in the deepest times is common and overall about people. Telling a story is an important and a must-have capability for business with the booming of the Internet and the growth of social media. Last, we examine our proposed model by testing with general audience and experts in marketing and social entrepreneurs. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 150-163 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=034&rid=5862 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505862 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Social enterprise, Social entrepreneurs, Storytelling, Marketing Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505862 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ALEJANDRO LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ Author-Name-First: ALEJANDRO Author-Name-Last: LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ Author-Email: alxgdl@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF GUADALAJARA - CUCEA Author-Name: JOSE ALBERTO BECERRA SANTIAGO Author-Name-First: JOSE ALBERTO Author-Name-Last: BECERRA SANTIAGO Author-Email: alejandro.lopez@cucea.udg.mx Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF GUADALAJARA - CUCEA Author-Name: DIEGO ARMANDO CHAVEZ COVARRUBIAS Author-Name-First: DIEGO ARMANDO Author-Name-Last: CHAVEZ COVARRUBIAS Author-Email: alexnet97@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF GUADALAJARA - CUCEA Title: Avatars and 3D virtual worlds for higher education at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico Abstract: The University of Guadalajara is the second largest in Mexico and has nearly 250,000 students. For years it has offered e-learning and b-learning on their academic programs using Learning Management Systems. However, thanks to the increasingly accessible and advanced technologies, it is important to offer students new ways of learning, with flexible and interactive activities.Now, it has begun experimenting with the use of 3D virtual worlds for education. It has built a three-dimensional digital campus so that students can build their own avatars, and can carry out their learning activities and tasks in an advanced graphical atmosphere. Using virtual worlds in education allows high interactivity, voice communications, and environments that simulate reality.This work shows evidence of some interesting results obtained by making use of 3D virtual learning technologies (v-learning), supported by low-cost and high availability systems. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 164-164 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=035&rid=6185 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506185 Classification-JEL: I23 Keywords: 3D, v-learning, b-learning, virtual, education, innovation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tuula Merisuo-Storm Author-Name-First: Tuula Author-Name-Last: Merisuo-Storm Author-Email: tuula.merisuo-storm@utu.fi Author-Workplace-Name: University of Turku, Department of Teacher Education in Rauma Title: Sixth-graders? ability to understand textbook vocabulary Abstract: My previous study aimed to find out how well primary school pupils are, after six school years, able to derive the meaning of an unknown word from written context when reading a non-fiction text. For this purpose, 158 sixth-graders read a newspaper article about a shipwreck found at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. After reading the text, the pupils were asked to explain what ten words underlined in the text meant in this particular text. The results showed that several pupils had great difficulties in the task. One third of them explained less than half of the words correctly. Only 8% of them explained all the words correctly and 5% of them could not explain any of them. Still today, the textbooks are for the pupils an important source of new information. Therefore, it was necessary to explore if the vocabulary used in these books contains words that they do not understand. In addition, the aim was to find out if the pupils have learned to derive the meanings of unknown words from the text context. Altogether, 247 sixth-graders took part in the study. About half of them read a chapter about whales in their natural science book and the other half a chapter about Great wall in China in their history book. After that the pupils explained the meanings of ten words underlined in the text. The results show that both textbook chapters contained words that were unfamiliar to many pupils. In the history book group, one third of the pupils explained less than half of the words correctly. Only 2% of them explained all words correctly and 4% of them could not explain any of them. Although the words in the natural science book seemed to be easier to explain, many pupils had difficulties in understanding them too. In the natural science book group, 22% of the pupils explained less than half of the words correctly. Only 3% of the pupils explained all words correctly and 2% of the pupils could not explain any of them.When comparing the results with the results of the previous study, it is obvious that for the sixth-graders the text in their textbooks is almost equally difficult to understand than newspaper articles. If the text includes several words that remain incomprehensible to the reader, it is possible that the comprehension of the text and acquiring new information from it is impossible. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 165-172 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=036&rid=5532 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505532 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Deriving word meaning from context; textbooks; sixth graders Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Maja Mihaljevic Kosor Author-Name-First: Maja Author-Name-Last: Mihaljevic Kosor Author-Email: majam@efst.hr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Split Title: Student Dropout in Higher Education: An Application of Hazard Functions Abstract: Hazard functions are a part of survival analysis which is a branch of statistics dealing with failure in mechanical systems and death in biological organisms e.g. lifetime or reliability of machine components, survival times of patients in clinical trials. Here, the interest is focused on a group of individuals, for which there is a defined point event, often referred to as failure, arising after a length of time, referred to as the failure time. To gain more insight into student dropout we examine the application of hazard functions in higher education. In such a model, the probability is investigated that the student will complete/leave a degree in a given year conditional on him/her having ?survived? the programme up to that point. This may allow a wider analysis as it captures both students who have and have not completed their studies and examines the impact of selected variables for the duration of student?s higher education course. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 173-181 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=037&rid=6156 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506156 Classification-JEL: I23, I29, C40 Keywords: hazard functions, student droput, duration analysis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: WALI MONDAL Author-Name-First: WALI Author-Name-Last: MONDAL Author-Email: wmondal@nu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: National University Title: How Sustainable are the Sustainable Development Goals? An Analysis of the Staple Goals of ?No Poverty? and ?Zero Hunger?? Abstract: In June 2012, The United nations Conference on Sustainable Development was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Conference, popularly known as Rio+20 produced a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which were officially launched at the conclusion of the target year of achieving the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. The objective of this paper is to analyze Goal 1 and Goal 2 of the SDG in relation to the set of 17 SDGs and with reference to the achievement of Goal 1 of the MDG.The primary focus of the MDGs was eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. Of the 8 MDGs adopted by the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, the first goal was ?To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger?. Extreme poverty was defined as earning $1.25 per day. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 published by the United Nations shows that extreme poverty in developing countries has declined from 47 percent of total population in 1990 to 14 per cent of total population in 2015. In terms of numbers, 836 million people in the developing countries still live in extreme poverty.While eradication of poverty and hunger still remain the fundamental focus of the SDGs, the Rio+20 produced a set of more elaborate goals more than twice the number of MDGs. The first two SDGs are:Goal 1: End poverty in all its form everywhereGoal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agricultureThe above two SDGs are further broken down into subsets of achievable goals with target dates ranging from 2025 to 2030.The paper analyzes poverty ?in all its form? and discusses the United Nation?s target dates of eradicating various forms of poverty. A historical analysis is presented about selecting the $1.25 per day on the purchasing power parity basis as the yardstick for extreme poverty. In doing so, the paper analyzes the set of 17 SDGs as the basis for sustainability of economic development. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 182-182 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=038&rid=5881 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505881 Classification-JEL: A10, C51, F01 Keywords: Sustainable development goals, Millennium development goals, Extreme poverty, Hunger, Purchasing power parity Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oya Morva Author-Name-First: Oya Author-Name-Last: Morva Author-Email: oyamorva@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Istanbul University Title: Are E-Petitions Operative for Change? On the Effectiveness and the Transformative Potential of E-Petitioning Abstract: During the last decade, with the progress of new information and communication technologies, electronic petitioning systems have emerged as a productive way for individuals to communicate with the authorities or policy makers about diverse issues. Although, they are designed to enable citizens to influence decision?making in the policy making process, there is an ongoing discussion on their effectiveness: one side of this discussion regards e-petitions as a new form of activism that enables greater political participation, and hence fortifies democracy. According to this view, e-petition campaigns can be an operative tool to help citizens to put issues on the political agenda, they are capable of producing a desired result, and thus they can cause a change over and transform political decisions. On the other side of this discussion, there is an opposite view that considers the transformative potential of an online petition as very moderate. Within this study, this transformative potential, the effectiveness of e-petitions, is discussed and analysed. With this aim, the paper uses the case studies from change.org.tr to determine the extent to which e-petitioning worked when ending a campaign successfully. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 183-192 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=039&rid=5977 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505977 Classification-JEL: Keywords: online petitions, e-petitions, e-petitioning, effectiveness, change.org Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Fela Özbey Author-Name-First: Fela Author-Name-Last: Özbey Author-Email: fozbey@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University, FEAS Author-Name: Erhan ??can Author-Name-First: Erhan Author-Name-Last: ??can Author-Email: eiscan@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Author-Name: Mehmet Fatih Tra? Author-Name-First: Mehmet Fatih Author-Name-Last: Tra? Author-Email: mftras@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Title: How Do Exchange Rate Movements Affect Stock Prices? The Case of Turkey Abstract: One particular area in financial economics that has received a great deal of attention is the link between exchange rate and the stock prices. The interaction between exchange rate and stock prices has been of special interest because they are regarded among the leading economic variables. The effect of exchange rate on the stock market can work in two avenues. Many studies have documented that changes in the exchange rate have the capacity to increase the volatility of the stock prices, while some other researchers indicated the effect of exchange rate on average returns. In this study, we investigate both of these issues for the case of Istanbul Stock Exchange, using monthly US Dollar-Turkish Lira (USD-TRY) exchange rate and the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) 100 indicex for the period 2009M01-2015M11, employing GARCH approach. Our main findings show that an increase in exchange rate decreases expected returns and increases the riskiness of BIST 100 in Turkey. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 193-193 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=040&rid=6112 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506112 Classification-JEL: C22, C58, E44 Keywords: Exchange Rate, Stock Prices, Turkish Stock Market, Volatility. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: GÖKHAN ÖZDAMAR Author-Name-First: GÖKHAN Author-Name-Last: ÖZDAMAR Author-Email: gokhanozdamar@sdu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Süleyman Demirel University Title: A SURVEY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE OF TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM ARDL-BOUNDS TESTING APPROACH Abstract: Main objective of this study is to analyze the relationships between the current account balance and selected major macroeconomic variables in Turkish economy. In this respect ARDL-Bounds testing approach is applied. Results of the study related to the long-run show that the international terms of trade is a strong explanatory variable of the current account balance of Turkey. This result implies that Harberger-Laursen-Metzler (HLM) hypothesis is valid for Turkey. Findings reveal that also foreign trade balance has a strong effect on the current account balance of Turkey while the gross domestic product is found to be statistically significant but the effect level is quite low. Domestic interest rate and the real effective exchange rate variables are found to be statistically insignificant in the long-run. Error correction model results for the short-run reveal that current account balance of Turkey is mostly affected from the lagged value of itself, from foreign trade balance and also from the lagged value of real effective exchange rate. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 194-204 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=041&rid=6081 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506081 Classification-JEL: F32, F40, F41 Keywords: Current Account Balance; Turkey; ARDL-Bounds testing Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506081 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ANKIT KUMAR PADHY Author-Name-First: ANKIT KUMAR Author-Name-Last: PADHY Author-Email: ankitkumarpadhy45@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY Author-Name: AMIT KUMAR PADHY Author-Name-First: AMIT KUMAR Author-Name-Last: PADHY Author-Email: amitkumarpadhya4@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY Title: DELIMITING THE OUTER SPACE Abstract: Though science fiction authors have dreamed of permanent space colonies for decades, humans have not walked the surface of another celestial body since Apollo 17 left the moon in December, 1972. Today, however, the possibility of leaving Earth?s orbit for long duration missions is looking brighter. With newcomers like China and India, established spacefarers like the United States and Russia, and a host of private corporations contemplating establishing habitats on the moon or Mars, it is important to consider the extent to which such celestial bodies may be used. In this paper, I examine the fine line between long-term use of outer space and appropriation. First, I consider the concept of ?appropriation? as it has been interpreted by scholars and commentators. Second, I argue that the geosynchronous orbit (?GSO?) provides an analogy for thinking about permissible occupancy and use of man-made structures on the surface of the moon or other celestial bodies, both with respect to the custom that has developed over the use of orbital slots and as a possible regulatory scheme for allocating real property in outer space. Third, I apply this analogy of the GSO to delimit the extent of allowed uses of such areas, both temporally and spatially. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 205-205 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=042&rid=5572 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505572 Classification-JEL: K33, K20, K30 Keywords: permissible occupancy, celestial bodies, regulatory scheme Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Marko Primorac Author-Name-First: Marko Author-Name-Last: Primorac Author-Email: mprimorac@efzg.hr Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Economics and Business Author-Name: Anto Bajo Author-Name-First: Anto Author-Name-Last: Bajo Author-Email: bajo@ijf.hr Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Public Finance Title: Public debt and fiscal risks in the European Union Abstract: At the beginning of 2015, the Statistical Office of the European Commission ? Eurostat ? for the first time released data on contingent liabilities and non-performing loans of European Union (EU) member states. Contingent liabilities include guarantees, liabilities related to public-private partnerships and liabilities of public corporations that are controlled by the state, but excluded from the statistical coverage of general government. The scale of the contingent liabilities of member states reveals a completely new image of their indebtedness and exposure to fiscal risks, and also raises the issue of the need to redefine the Maastricht fiscal criteria. It is obvious that member states ? under pressure from budgetary restrictions (in line with the Maastricht criteria) ? are creating liabilities that certainly affect the growth of public debt. At the same time these liabilities were only until recently beyond the reach of Eurostat. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 206-218 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=043&rid=5879 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505879 Classification-JEL: H63 Keywords: public debt, contingent liabilities, fiscal risks, EU Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505879 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksandra Ptak Author-Name-First: Aleksandra Author-Name-Last: Ptak Author-Email: antoinette79@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology Author-Name: Tomasz Lis Author-Name-First: Tomasz Author-Name-Last: Lis Author-Email: tomlis1@wp.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology Author-Name: Paula Bajdor Author-Name-First: Paula Author-Name-Last: Bajdor Author-Email: baula.bajdor@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology Title: Modern Educational Methods - Gamification at Schools of Higher Education in Poland Abstract: According to statistics, in recent years gamification has been listed as one of the most important trends. Among the gamification applications one should mention marketing, sales, recruiting, motivating, training and development of employees, health, personal development, education etc. The use of gamification in education brings with it enormous potential, increasingly often one talks today about it in the context of teaching at schools of higher education. This new approach to academic courses designing is used at Polish schools of higher education since 2012. The aim of the article is to introduce initiatives of gamification implementation in higher education in Poland and to examine whether the introduction of elements of games to courses of higher education may be attractive to students. The article presents the main assumptions of gamification and its most commonly used mechanisms. The authors present implemented gamification solutions, as well as the prospects of gamification in polish schools of higher education. The article is enriched with the results of research conducted among the students of Czestochowa University of Technology on the state of their knowledge about gamification, the scale of interest in gamification mechanisms and finally their wish to take part in the gamified e-learning course. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 219-231 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=044&rid=6050 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506050 Classification-JEL: A00, A20 Keywords: gamification, e-learning gamification, higher education, student Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506050 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Deanna Rasmussen Author-Name-First: Deanna Author-Name-Last: Rasmussen Author-Email: deanna.rasmussen@qatar.tamu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Texas A&M University at Qatar Title: Facilitating Co-ed Communication: Case Study of a Classroom in Qatar Abstract: Good discussions, key to learning in the language classroom, are limited when only half of the voices in the classroom are heard. Research from Western institutions (e.g. Crombie et al., 2003) shows that, even in today?s environment, women participate less than men in class. In the Arabian Gulf, where male-female interaction is highly prescribed, women?s voices may be even more underrepresented (Romanowski & Al-Hassan, 2013).When students matriculate into our American institution?s Middle Eastern branch campus, they experience a mixed-sex environment for the first time. In my own classrooms, students self-segregate?males on one side of the class, females on the other, a wide aisle separating them. Their reluctance to interact crosses gender lines, but men still dominate class discussions.How can instructors bridge the aisle to encourage whole-class interaction in this environment? How can instructors in other countries bridge the communication gap between male and female students from similarly conservative backgrounds? My own classroom research shows that computer-mediated communication may be one way to get students talking. In this poster presentation, I will show results of a class activity using Google Docs to respond to a text. Data from two classes will be compared, with graphs both quantifying and qualifying comments by sex. Brief excerpts from student journals showing attitudes about participation will also be featured.With the face-to-face element of discussion eliminated, in one class my female students interacted more; in the other class there was only an increase in female-to-female participation. I will discuss possible reasons for these results, which somewhat reflect those of Caspi, Chajut & Saporta (2008) that women may feel ?less intimidated? in online environments. While it would be naďve and idealistic to think that online interaction could eliminate all cultural barriers to female participation, it may be one way to build a bridge, however shaky, across the aisle. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 232-232 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=045&rid=5988 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505988 Classification-JEL: Keywords: computer-mediated communication; gender; Qatar; teaching Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505988 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pragyan Rath Author-Name-First: Pragyan Author-Name-Last: Rath Author-Email: pragyan@iimcal.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of management Calcutta Title: When Tom Cruise said: ?You complete me!? Abstract: The researcher collates a set of proposal lines from mainstream Hollywood movies, and through the symbolic lens, attempts to understand the profit that such artistic endeavors contribute, through the political unconscious of the consumer, to the furtherance of the economic system they are a product of. The correlation of Modern Art, Branding, Maslow?s Hierarchy and Feminism with the popular proposals reveals the strategic positioning of self-actualization as a valid economic capital. Eventually the researcher contends that self-actualization is nothing but sublime self-esteem. In the process she also derives a new communication technique that is a powerful tool for persuasive communication. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 233-233 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=046&rid=5746 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505746 Classification-JEL: Z11, M30, M31 Keywords: Proposals, Modern Art, Maslow?s hierarchy, Branding, Feminism, Symbolic Technique Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505746 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Ray Author-Name-First: Anna Author-Name-Last: Ray Author-Email: anna.ray01@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Sciences Po Paris Title: Expanding Multinationals - Conglomerate M&A and Activity-Basket Proximity Abstract: This paper analyzes how multinational firms (MNEs) expand the spectrum of their activities via Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A). While international trade studies systematically focus on horizontal versus vertical motives for foreign direct investment (FDI), I document that over 46% of both domestic and cross-border M&A deals done worldwide by MNEs areconglomerate, i.e., neither horizontal nor vertical. Literature to date fails to explain this puzzling stylized fact. What are conglomerate M&A and what are their drivers? Why do MNEs acquire firms in industries distinct from their own? The present study argues that conglomerate M&A represent a tool for multinationals to expand the spectrum of their activities towards industries that are closely related to their own range of occupations. The approach looks at MNEs from a multi-product perspective. It introduces a series of measures of "distance" between firms based on their respective activity-baskets. These are built relying on industry task intensities and the product space tools. The results show that despite the absence of direct horizontal or vertical linkages, conglomerate M&A appear to occur between firms relatively closely related in terms of their activity-mix. Further, the study investigates how the shape of activity basket of corporate group evolves with the acquiror?s subsequent transactions. The degree of compactness of corporate activity decreases over time. MNEs also seem to expand their activity mostly radially, towards multiple direction, rather than linearly. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 234-234 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=047&rid=5872 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505872 Classification-JEL: F21, F23 Keywords: Foreign direct investment, Mergers and acquisitions, Multinationals, Conglomerate M&A, Multiproduct firms, Product space, Task content Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Roziana Rosli Author-Name-First: Roziana Author-Name-Last: Rosli Author-Email: roziana_mrosli@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University Malaysia Author-Name: Faizah Idrus Author-Name-First: Faizah Author-Name-Last: Idrus Author-Email: ifaizah@iium.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University Malaysia Title: Exploring Cybernated Storytelling: Enhancing Communication Skill. Abstract: Storytelling is one of the most common activity used in teaching English proficiency to language students. It requires narration of the story in oral, and sometimes aided by audio-visual elements. It is widely accepted as a teaching technique to many educators because it engages students in learning. Storytelling can also be used to enhance students? communication skill. Upon listening to a story, students are anxious to share the stories and relate it to their own experience. However, until recently, little attention has been paid on how storytelling with the help of cyber or online social network could be utilized in order to engage students during class activities and at the same time to improve their communication skills. Thus, this study intends to fill the gap of the factors that inhibits students? engagement in classroom activities that promotes communication skill. The assumption here is that many teachers and students lack the knowledge of cybernated storytelling or find it difficult to be implemented in the classrooms. This investigation explores how cybernated storytelling is accepted or rejected by students when it is introduced in the classroom. The term ?cyber? can be denoted as computer-generated setting in the internet environment Initially, by sharing stories in the cyber or a more common term, online social network, these stories can be developed and shared more broadly at the same time helping students to learn and be aware that their education place is part of a broader community. Students can learn to connect their own stories with their surroundings. Besides that students can learn to combine auditory and visual elements to ultimately create their own storytelling. The software WhatsApp and (WA) online social network,Facebook(FB). will be used as the communication tools among the students and teachers. If planned appropriately as part of an educational project, the same technologies and features of WA and FB would be able to facilitate and produce effectual and meaningful learning of English within an online community of English language learners. Hence, storytelling activity can be enhanced by using WA and FB. This research will contribute to conceptualize the theories behind the perceptions of teachers and youth towards cybernated literacy especially in English language classrooms. These findings will be very useful in terms of solving problems in groups, generating ideas and formulating models of digitized storytelling, modules and programmes for youth on cybernated literacy. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 235-235 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=048&rid=5621 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505621 Classification-JEL: I21, I20, I23 Keywords: Storytelling, Cybernated, Communication Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Popescu Ruxandra Gabriela Author-Name-First: Popescu Author-Name-Last: Ruxandra Gabriela Author-Email: ruxandra.popescu@crpe.ro Author-Workplace-Name: Bucharest University of Economic Studies Title: Embassies and their role in practicing economic diplomacy. The case of Romania Abstract: Nowadays the international affairs environment has experienced major transformation, with the consequence that international trade and diplomatic relations have achieved a new significance and role. For the past years, relevant research was focused mainly on the historical development and the increasing need for economic diplomacy in the current process of globalization. Less research has been done in the factual field, emphasizing the correlation between efforts made by embassies as part of the economic diplomacy strategy of a country.In order to answer the research question, data was gathered in cooperation with a number of embassies and consulates and also national authorities representatives, such as experts from Ministry of External Affairs. The article will deliver an in-depth knowledge and describe how economic diplomatic activities are accomplished by embassies and reflected in the country?s economy. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 236-236 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=049&rid=6012 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506012 Classification-JEL: F10, F00, F19 Keywords: Economic diplomacy, trade, embassies. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506012 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oksana Seroka-Stolka Author-Name-First: Oksana Author-Name-Last: Seroka-Stolka Author-Email: oksanaseroka@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology Author-Name: Justyna Lukomska-Szarek Author-Name-First: Justyna Author-Name-Last: Lukomska-Szarek Author-Email: jlszarek@zim.pcz.czest.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology Title: BARRIERS TO THE ADOPTION OF PROACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES IN POLISH COMPANIES Abstract: Nowadays, many companies are under pressure to take care about the natural environment. However, companies differ from one to another because of their response to natural environment. For this reason companies implement different environmental strategies. The literature indicates a continuum range from passive to proactive strategies. The proactive strategies are typical for companies that voluntarily take measures to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The reasons for a lack of environmental proactive strategies are very complex. Some of the factors both from outside and inside the firms discourage them to implement proactive environmental strategies. The aim of the article is to present the influence of external and internal barriers perceived by managers which inhibit implementing the proactive environmental strategies in Polish companies because of the gap of knowledge. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 237-247 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=050&rid=6139 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506139 Classification-JEL: Q01 Keywords: Keywords: proactive environmental strategies, proactivity, barriers, companies. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: MAHMOOD SEYYED Author-Name-First: MAHMOOD Author-Name-Last: SEYYED Author-Email: mahmood.seyyed@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: CENTRAL TEHRAN BRANCH,ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY Author-Name: MOHAMMAD AKVAN Author-Name-First: MOHAMMAD Author-Name-Last: AKVAN Author-Email: M_akvan2007@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: CENTRAL TEHRAN BRANCH,ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY Author-Name: Mahnaz Babaei Tooski Author-Name-First: Mahnaz Author-Name-Last: Babaei Tooski Author-Email: mahnazbabi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Najaf Abad Isfahan, Islamic Aazad University Title: Changes in the Iranian Families during the Achaemenid Era Abstract: Since the ancient times, family has formed the oldest and the most fundamental column of the social pyramid in the society. In fact, when the primitive man passed the era of semi-savageness and the era of hunting animals for nutrition, family was formed. This small social pyramid started from father, children and close relatives and gradually covered uncles, cousins, aunts and grandchildren who all had the same customs, lived under the same roofs and always obeyed the elder and the leader of the family. In this era, the father had the right to take any form of action in the family. Father of the family had the absolute freedom and had the right to do whatever he wished. Even lives of all family members were in his hands; but gradually, this patriarchy with its absolute power disappeared and the coming to power of kingdom and the central government of the Achaemenids transformed these rules. By coming to power of this dynasty and appearance of concerns about strength of the society and on the other side, for the sake of more childbirth for great wars, tendency towards family became more apparent; so much so that the Achaemenid kings themselves encouraged formation of families and assigned gifts for families that gave birth to more sons. In this study, we first deal with the course of changes in the family system in this period. In the second part, marriage has been discussed. In the third part, we discussed incest marriage. In the fourth part, we have talked about divorce. In the fifth part, we have discussed the legal rights of family system in this period, and in the last part, by this implication that the Iranian family system in the Achaemenid era, considering the formation of different economic, social and political conditions, has experienced further changes and become more important and significant, we ended this study. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 248-262 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=051&rid=5781 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505781 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Achaemenid, family, wedlock, incest marriage, divorce, juridical laws Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Juliana Shak Author-Name-First: Juliana Author-Name-Last: Shak Author-Email: juliana.shak@ubd.edu.bn Author-Workplace-Name: Universiti Brunei Darussalam Title: ?The teacher life chose me?: Investigating graduates? teaching career decision Abstract: Understanding what motivates prospective teachers to enter the profession has the potential to contribute to making teacher recruitment more attractive; to strengthening teacher education programmes, in order to meet the goals and aspirations of enrolled candidates; and to ensuring an overall positive school experience through the provision of appropriate mentor support. This information becomes even more important for universities which have undergone changes in the levels at which teacher education degrees are offered. Such is the case of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education (SHBIE), a Graduate Faculty in Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Since 2009, SHBIE has become a Graduate School of Education. This means that the faculty no longer offers teacher education degrees at the undergraduate level. Instead, to prepare candidates for a career as a teacher, SHBIE offers an 18-month full time Master of Teaching qualification. With this in mind, the aims of the present study were twofold: first, to examine the motives of Master of Teaching students for choosing a career in teaching; and second, to compare the motives of these students with those who were in an undergraduate teacher preparation programme in SHBIE before it became a Graduate School of Education. Data for the present study were collected from 100 Master of Teaching students, using an open-ended questionnaire. Responses were coded and categorised according to extrinsic, intrinsic and altruistic motivations. This was done in order to compare the results of this study with those reported by Yong (1995). His study, conducted more than 2 decades ago, involved 133 SHBIE undergraduates who were training to become teachers in Brunei Darussalam. Findings revealed major differences between the two groups of students. For instance, while extrinsic motives were the dominant determinants for SHBIE students entering the teaching profession two decades ago, intrinsic motives were the most prominent amongst current SHBIE graduates. In addition, the graduates cited a number of intrinsic and altruistic reasons for choosing teaching, which are not found in Yong?s study. Another interesting finding relates to the graduates? perceptions of their teaching-related abilities and perceived sense of expertise in areas related to their first degree. The results of the present study have important implications to facilitate teacher education. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 263-263 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=052&rid=6054 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506054 Classification-JEL: I29, I23 Keywords: motives, motivation, teaching career, teacher preparation, graduates Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hyunkyung Shin Author-Name-First: Hyunkyung Author-Name-Last: Shin Author-Email: hyunkyung@gachon.ac.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Gachon University Title: Construction of MLN based proofing system for daily route monitoring Abstract: Daily route is a collection of data consisted of geographical points with time of a day and can be obtained easily from mobile device with GPS. Rd = {(GpX, GpY, T)}. A detection model for data abnormality has various applications including protection of child or elderly person from missing.In this paper we build a first order logic based proofing system of daily route integrated with Markov property. From a set of daily route data, we construct a graph consist of a few cluster nodes and linking edges by eliminating most of intermediate geo-points. Our proofing system is collection of FOL expressions consisted of triplet with instance, slot name, and slot value, where the instances are represented by the cluster node in graph and slot name by the edge. A challenge in this problem is automatic clustering for identification of node from continuously updated daily route data. We present an incremental learning method for updating daily route Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 264-264 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=053&rid=6135 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506135 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: markov logic network, global positioning system, proofing system Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anita Stasulane Author-Name-First: Anita Author-Name-Last: Stasulane Author-Email: anita.stasulane@du.lv Author-Workplace-Name: Daugavpils University Title: The main obstacles to implement child and youth policy in Latvia Abstract: In Latvia, the transition to a market economy, price liberalization and curtailment of subsidies on basic goods and services required changes in the social security system. This system inherited from the socialist past, was in need of reform to secure its financial sustainability and to meet the demographic challenges. The reforms carried out in the first half of the 1990s in Latvia were mainly ad hoc emergency measures. The purpose of the social security reform was to establish a stable and sustainable social insurance system that would be based on the two following principles, first, the scope of the social security service is proportionate to social insurance contributions; second, there is solidarity between social insurance contributions and recipients of social insurance services. According to statistical data, Latvia is one of the EU countries with the highest rates of child poverty. The presentation attempts to explore the general nature of the national child and young people policy in Latvia. It has a twofold aim, namely, to explore the institutional coverage for children and youth policy, and to analyse the main obstacles to implement child and youth policy at national and municipal level. The presentation is based on the findings of the EU FP7 project ?Measuring Youth Well Being? (MYWEB, grant agreement no.613368) which takes a balanced approach to assessing the feasibility of a European Longitudinal Study for Children and Young People through prioritising both scientific and policy imperatives. According to the interviews with experts, the main obstacles to implement child and youth policy at national and municipal level in Latvia are: (1) attitude of politicians towards youth policy that is not one of the priorities and important points in national policy; (2) lack of sufficient financial resources in state budget; (3) lack of sustainability and continuity of child and youth policy; (4) lack of administrative capacity and human resources; (5) lack of focus within political documents aimed to improve quality of child and youth well-being; (6) diverse approach to the youth policy in the regions; (7) symbiosis between lack of finances and lack of public awareness regards youth policy ? one of the biggest challenges in youth policy implication. Society believes that work with young people is something that can be realized without finances. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 265-265 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=054&rid=5975 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505975 Classification-JEL: I39 Keywords: Child and youth policy, well-being, child poverty Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: joana stocker Author-Name-First: joana Author-Name-Last: stocker Author-Email: joanastocker@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Zayed University Title: Self-concept amongst Emirati high school students: Differences and similarities Abstract: Although self-concept is a construct widely studied in the West, little is known about its features in Arab countries, especially considering high school students. Based on Marsh and Shavelson?s multidimensional and hierarchical self-concept model, this study aims to uncover individual differences amongst self-concept dimensions within Emirati high school graders. Schools were selected with support from the Dubai Knowledge and Human Development Authority and each school selected respective classes. All the ethical approvals were ensured. A social-demographic questionnaire was built (22 items) and an adaptation of the Self-Description Questionnaire was used, with 75 items in a 6-points Likert agreement scale, distributed through seven self-concept dimensions (Verbal, Mathematics, Problem Solving, Academic, Arabic, English, Peers, and Parent Relations). Most students were females (53.7%), with ages between 13 and 20 years old (M=15.66; SD=1.03), and evenly distributed across the three high school grades: 31.8% from 10th grade, 33.4% from 11th grade, and 34.7% from 12th grade. SPSS was used to perform ANOVA and T-test analyses. Considering gender, male students present higher levels of Maths, Peers and Parents Relations self-concept than the female students. However, girls got significantly higher grades in all achievement domains (Maths, English, Arabic, GPA). They also perceive themselves as significantly studying more hours a week, actively participating more in group works, studying harder for tests, wishing to pursue higher educational levels, and feeling less anxious at school than boys. Considering school grades (10th, 11th, 12th), generally students from higher grades present higher academic achievement, being the differences in self-concept dimensions inconsistent. Some of these results corroborate Western and previous Arab researches, while others need additional studies. Further discussions will be presented. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 266-266 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=055&rid=5507 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505507 Classification-JEL: Keywords: self-concept; high school; individual differences; academic achievement; gender; Emirati Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Boldizsár Szentgáli-Tóth Author-Name-First: Boldizsár Author-Name-Last: Szentgáli-Tóth Author-Email: totboldi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Eötvös Loránd University Title: The scope of qualified law: comparative analysis Abstract: During the last decades, several countries have entrenched a special subcategory of law, which is adopted by stricter procedural rules, than the requirements of the ordinary legislative process. These laws are enacted by qualified majority, by the consent of the two chambers of the legislation, they are subject to mandatory constitutional review before their promulgation, or additional safeguards are implemented in the ordinary legislative process. In my article, I would compare the experiences of three legal systems, France, Spain, and Hungary, which provide three different frameworks of qualified law. Nevertheless, I would provide further examples from Europe , Africa and Latin America to demonstrate better the diversity of legal concepts. My aim is to identify the most contested issues from the legal nature of qualified laws, and to seek the proper solutions of these issues, as well as an ideal model of qualified law.-Firstly, on the ground of different national experiences, I would seek for a broadly acceptable definition of qualified law. -Secondly, I would briefly compare the historical background of the three emerges. An important common point would be the role of qualified laws during any process of democratic transition.-Thirdly, the scope of qualified law differs significantly from country to country, consequently, I would continue with this issue by arguing for a narrower scope of qualified law. -Fourthly, qualified law may have a special position in the hierarchy of norms, somewhere between statutory and the constitutional level, so I would cover this aspect. I would focus on the level of precision of constitutional articles in this regard.-Furthermore, the separation of powers perspective of qualified laws would be taken into consideration: the neglect of two-third majority, and the mandatory a priory review.-As the main outcome, certain points would be highlighted for a potential constitution-drafting process. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 267-277 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=056&rid=6105 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506105 Classification-JEL: K00, K11, K40 Keywords: Qualified majority, separation of powers, fundamental rights, scope of qualified law, democratic transition, rule of law, hierarchy of norms Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Monika Szudy Author-Name-First: Monika Author-Name-Last: Szudy Author-Email: monika.szudy@ue.katowice.pl Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Title: Determinants of efficiency of economic systems in Latin America Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants of efficiency of economic systems across Latin American countries during recent periods of economic liberalization. The empirical analysis considers fourteen Latin American countries representing different varieties of capitalism. The indicators relate to the period between 1995 and 2014. Consistent with extant literature, the empirical analysis of the sample economic systems suggests that the source of inefficiency is regulatory. The most resounding conclusion is that higher economic role of the state tends to be associated with lower efficiency of the economic system. The results also shows that one of the most important positive factors in economic systems? efficiency is competition. The quality of institutions and demographic factors are the other influencing determinants in efficiency of economic systems. Moreover, the analysis of the indicators shows that richer countries exhibit better efficiency. Strategies for better quality of institutions and competition, and better level of education may help to increase the efficiency of economic systems in Latin America. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 278-278 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=057&rid=6198 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506198 Classification-JEL: P00, P17, O54 Keywords: economic system, efficiency, institutions, Latin America Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Fatih Tra? Author-Name-First: Mehmet Fatih Author-Name-Last: Tra? Author-Email: mftras@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Author-Name: Esra Ball? Author-Name-First: Esra Author-Name-Last: Ball? Author-Email: esraballi@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Author-Name: Çiler Sigeze Author-Name-First: Çiler Author-Name-Last: Sigeze Author-Email: csigeze@cu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Çukurova University Title: Testing for Purchasing Power Parity for Selected CIS Countries Using the Sieve Bootstrap Abstract: Purchasing power parity (PPP) is widely discussed theory to explain the determination of exchange rates. PPP implies a long-run relationship between the nominal exchange rate and the relative price levels. PPP holds in the long run once the real exchange rate is a stationary process. This study examines the validity of PPP for Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Ukraine for the period 1995M1-2015M11. In this study we perform stationary test on three bases. In the first place, we initiate conventional unit root tests such as ADF and KPSS. Secondly, we utilize unit root tests allowing for structural break. Last but not least, we use a sieve bootstrap unit root test to avoid possible discrepancies between the actual and nominal rejection probabilities in hypothesis testing of unit root. In conclusion unit root test results performed show that there is a large disagreement on the validity of PPP in CIS countries. Given the span and characteristics of the period which involves a significant break such as 1998 Russian economic crisis, we conclude that PPP holds for Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, while it does not hold for Azerbaijan, Russia and Ukraine. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 279-287 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=058&rid=6095 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506095 Classification-JEL: C12, C15, F31 Keywords: Purchasing Power Parity; Real Exchange Rate; Transition Economies Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cristiana Tudor Author-Name-First: Cristiana Author-Name-Last: Tudor Author-Email: cristianat@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Bucharest University of Economics Author-Name: Maria Tudor Author-Name-First: Maria Author-Name-Last: Tudor Author-Email: maria.tudor@csie.ase.ro Author-Workplace-Name: Bucharest University of Economics Title: Global Financial Crisis, its impact on stock markets' linkages and portfolio diversification opportunities Abstract: This research investigates causal relationships and short-term interaction mechanisms among seven equity markets, including smaller post-communist Eastern-European countries and developed G7 markets, while paying special consideration to the effects of the 2007-2009 global financial crisis. The analysis period runs from 01/10/2004 to 01/02/2015, while the credit-crunch crisis sub-period is considered to have started on 09/08/2007 when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity" and to have ended on 01/06/2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research. The study analyses whether the relationships among stock markets are time varying and whether the potential for diversifying risk by investing in different markets is limited/diminished during financial turmoil. Other points of interest consist in the leading role of the Russian market in the Eastern-European region before/during/after the crisis and in the impact of innovations from the US market in the Eastern-European area. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 288-288 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=059&rid=6149 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506149 Classification-JEL: B59 Keywords: multivariate GARCH, financial crisis, stock markets Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Esra USLU Author-Name-First: Esra Author-Name-Last: USLU Author-Email: esrauslu@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk Universty Author-Name: Menek?e Nazl? AKER Author-Name-First: Menek?e Nazl? Author-Name-Last: AKER Author-Email: menekseaker@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk Universty Author-Name: Selma ?NFAL Author-Name-First: Selma Author-Name-Last: ?NFAL Author-Email: selma_nfl@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk Universty Title: Implications of Telenursing Practices on Nursing Care: Turkey Profile Abstract: This systematic review evaluates the telenursing interventions and their efficiency in patient care. This study was conducted using scientific search engines such as Ulakbim Medical Data Base, Turkish Medline Data Base, National Thesis Center, Turkish Citation Index, Academic Index. As determined, keywords were searched in several combinations. A total of five articles that met the inclusion criteria were involved in the evaluation. This systematic review shows that the studies on this issue are very limited in terms of quantitative perspective but the results are positive. In this context, it is suggested that the number of randomized controlled studies which are evaluating the effectiveness of the care with tele nursing practices are increased and similar studies are planned with various patient groups. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 289-294 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=060&rid=5962 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505962 Classification-JEL: I10 Keywords: Telenursing, care, nursing, Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505962 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ferhat USTUN Author-Name-First: Ferhat Author-Name-Last: USTUN Author-Email: bfisekcioglu@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Faculty of Sports Sciences Author-Name: I. Bulent FISEKCIOGLU Author-Name-First: I. Bulent Author-Name-Last: FISEKCIOGLU Author-Email: bfisekcioglu@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Faculty of Sport Sciences Title: The Leadership Characteristics of Physical Education Teachers According to Turkey?s Geographic Regional's Abstract: The basic of research for determining the leadership characteristics of physical education teachers according to turkey's geographic regional's formed on 350 physical education teachers involving 237 male and 113 female chosen from 7 regional's by using accidental example method. The pattern of research is verbal. At fist the literature of subject was combed, ofter this to the aim of this research for defining the leadership characteristics of physical education teachers according to turkey's geographic regional's we the doctorate working that was named "Comparison of School Directors and. physical education teachers in private and Official School According to Their Leadership Behaviors" (Can 2002) Before applying the questionnaire that we prepared we chose the inside of Anatolian as a pilot regional and we did a questionnaire for applying to a hundred physical education teachers that consist of 35 questions. Fussing through this questionnaire after examining them with the experts of this subject we decided to decrease the questions to 30, and after this we started to study for our aim. The questionnaire contains two main parts, personal and branch knowledge our questionnaire analyzed and interpreted on SPSS static programme. At the analyzing of findings Frequency Method was used. And Chi-quare test was used for the analyze of the hypothesis between the physical education teachers that were working in Turkey's Geographic Regional's and the expression that is "I can be in an activity dealing with Physical Education by not ashing to the student?? As a result; according to the questionnaire we found that they great ration of Physical Education teachers that were in questionnaire had a leadership behaviors but they were focused on teachers behaviors at the subjects of physical education not student focused. And as a result of this we can say that the wanting and interest of students are at the back. Another finding of us is that the expression "I can be in an activity dealing with Physical Education by not ashing to the students" will be change between the regional's. We can say- that the cause of that is the difference of the looking's of Physical Education teachers in Akdeniz, Ege and Marmara regional are different from the others and the deficiency of communication between teacher and students. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 295-295 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=061&rid=6014 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506014 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Leadership, Physical Education Teachers, Determine Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mark van de Logt Author-Name-First: Mark Author-Name-Last: van de Logt Author-Email: martinus.van_de_logt@qatar.tamu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Texas A&M University at Qatar Title: ?The Most Dangerous Man on the Planet\ Abstract: In his 2015 encyclical Laudato Si?: On Care For Our Common Home, Pope Francis I confronted environmental issues and clarified the Roman Catholic Church?s position on global warming. In the United States, Laudato Si?, rattled conservative Americans who had falsely assumed that the Roman Catholic Church shared the conservative philosophy on the environment, property, and the economy. Perhaps more forcefully than his predecessors, John Paul II and Benedict XVI, Francis criticized the ?sanctity of the free market,? the worship of property, the obsession with consumerism, the self-centered individualism that is too callous to care about the poor and underprivileged in the world, and the dismissive attitude that the environment is something that can be turned into profit without consequences and with the blessing of Christian ?doctrine.?Ironically, Laudato Si? also reaffirmed many conservative principles such as the legitimacy of property, the right of sovereign nations to conduct their own policies, the sanctity of life (including that of the unborn), the concern with scientific experiments on human embryos, and that he hails the work of scientists, engineers, and businesses when they work for the betterment of humanity. Despite outcries by certain conservatives that Francis?s encyclical is virtually a call on Catholics to vote for the Democratic Party in the next election, neither side can claim the Catholic Church as its natural ally. Indeed, the Church has always sailed an independent course. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 296-309 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=062&rid=5987 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505987 Classification-JEL: Z12, Q58 Keywords: American Politics, Pope Francis, Environment, Global Warming. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505987 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Martina Vidovic Author-Name-First: Martina Author-Name-Last: Vidovic Author-Email: mvidovic@rollins.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Rollins College Title: Are the Central East European Countries Pollution Havens? Abstract: The aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship between environmental stringency and export flows in EU countries and to determine whether the recent accessions of the CEECs into the EU and the subsequent changes in the regulatory framework of new members have affected intra-EU trade flows. Two main hypotheses are tested. First, we test whether the stringency of a country?s environmental regulations results in pollution havens or, on the contrary it results in better export performance. Second, we test whether the results differ by industry (dirty versus clean) and by EU membership tenure (old versus new EU member countries).An augmented gravity model is estimated using panel data for 21 European countries during the period 1999-2008 for the full sample and also separately for the CEECS and the old EU members. We find that while exporters? environmental tax expenditure differences are positively correlated with bilateral net exports of clean industries, the effect of environmental stringency differences on net exports of dirty industries is not significant when all the industries are treated as a homogeneous group. However, when heterogeneity across specific industries and between two groups of countries is considered, the results differ. We find that while for old-EU countries higher differences in environmental revenues between partner countries are associated with lower net exports of dirty goods for four major-polluter industries, namely for iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, metal manufactures, metal manufactures and petroleum products, this happens only for two industries when CEEs are considered as exporters (petroleum products and fertilizers). Thus our results show weak support for the pollution haven hypothesis for some dirty industries, mainly for net exports from Western EU countries to the rest. Instead, we find support for the ?Porter hypothesis? for trade in clean goods. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 310-310 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=063&rid=5823 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505823 Classification-JEL: F14 Keywords: Pollution Haven Hypothesis, Porter hypothesis, European Union, Trade Flows Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505823 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Charles Wild Author-Name-First: Charles Author-Name-Last: Wild Author-Email: c.wild@herts.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Hertfordshire Author-Name: Daniel Berger Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Berger Author-Email: d.berger@herts.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Hertfordshire Title: The proposed Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) for UK Universities Abstract: The role of universities within society has been the subject of constant discussion and conjecture amongst politicians, the public, as well as within the Higher Education (HE) sector itself. However, this issue has come ever more to the forefront of people?s minds in recent times due to the comprehensive spending review (CSR), related concerns regarding student fees and public debt, and governmental demands for the increased accountability of Universities in terms of student satisfaction and perceived ?value for money?. The Research Excellence Framework (REF), which replaced the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), is accepted as a reasonably effective means by which universities, and their researchers, may be assessed periodically and subsequently allocated Quality Research (QR) funding in recognition, as well as to reinforce, research excellence in the HE sector. However, the results of any exercise will be interpreted in a number of ways and, inevitably, has led to claims that the ?teaching? function of universities has become the poor relation to the sector's research agenda. There have been a number of initiatives which have sought to address this perceived imbalance, and to regulate, monitor or even promote the educational function of universities. Amongst these have been Teaching Quality Assessments, Centres of Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETLs), and the most recent initiative in the form of the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF). In many respects, it is hard to challenge the principle that universities should be assessed in the same way for their teaching function as they are for their research activities and outputs. Indeed, the incorporation of 'impact' into the REF offers a seductive promise of similar connections that may be made with teaching in the form of progression, achievement and employability statistics. After all, this is the era of analytics and Big Data, why shouldn't it be used as part of a new system if it is readily available across the HE sector? The authors don't, in principle, disagree with this direction of travel. However, as with any new initiative, time and thought should not only be given to the precise objective of this exercise, but also to the potential pitfalls that may result from making a less than perfect choice. In this respect, the consultation surrounding the current green paper '...' may be likened to the following passage from Lewis Carrol?s ?Alice?s Adventures in Wonderland: "Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?" Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 311-311 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=064&rid=5701 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505701 Classification-JEL: I28, I24 Keywords: Teaching Excellence Framework, Thresholds of Quality, Learning and Teaching, Teaching Quality, Educational Gain Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505701 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Williams Author-Name-First: Joseph Author-Name-Last: Williams Author-Email: joseph.williams@qatar.tamu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Texas A&M University at Qatar Title: Profiles as Prostheses: Extended Norms and Identities Explored in Relation to Online Dating Abstract: Especially over the past ten years, it has become acceptable to date via the internet as well, online dating being defined as meeting online for the purpose of internet romance and chatting, face-to-face contact, romantic or sexual relationships. Through an exploration of prosthesis, analysis of online dating norming, and construction of online identity, the validity and effects of online dating profiles as prosthesis is addressed and answered.First, a selection of leading philosophy will be explored in relation to societal norms and norming. Second, examination will be duly given to the construction of identity specifically for the purpose of online dating. The paper?s third move will address the topic of misinformation. Finally, the paper ends with implications that attempt to answer why an online dating profile is indeed a modern prosthesis. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 312-319 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=065&rid=5368 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3505368 Classification-JEL: Keywords: prosthesis, Foucault, identity, norming Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3505368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Wi?niewska-Sa?ek Author-Name-First: Anna Author-Name-Last: Wi?niewska-Sa?ek Author-Email: anna.wisniewska.salek@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management Author-Name: Joanna Nowakowska-Grunt Author-Name-First: Joanna Author-Name-Last: Nowakowska-Grunt Author-Email: jnowakowskagrunt@onet.eu Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management Author-Name: Anna Brzozowska Author-Name-First: Anna Author-Name-Last: Brzozowska Author-Email: annabrzozowskapcz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management Author-Name: Robert Sa?ek Author-Name-First: Robert Author-Name-Last: Sa?ek Author-Email: robertsalek203@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management Title: SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN RELATIONSHIPS OF MICRO AND MACRO ENVIRONMENT Abstract: Building the economy of a country and its competitive strength on international markets constitutes the determinant of the economic power of globalization. Countries, wishing to take an active part in creating this power must exert impact on their economy in terms of innovation, entrepreneurship and flexibility of management of their business. However, building the economy of the country begins from the bottom, therefore, from the local ? regional industry. In Poland, this industry consists in the enterprises of the SME sector, where there predominate small companies that do not have the financial potential e.g. for the development being the result of using modern technologies. The State (the policy run by the authorities) and aid programs of the European Union have a significant share in the development of such companies. However, the progress in business greatly depends on the enterprise itself and, particularly, the strategy selected as the leading one. The paper is an attempt to select factors both from the micro and macro environment. Degree of dependence and impact of these factors on each other/ the company represents valuable information for those managing small businesses. It may constitute the first step towards the decision in what direction the enterprise will develop or if it will be able to satisfy the requirements set e.g. by the external environment. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2016-04 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Conference, Lisbon, Apr 2016, pages 320-330 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/22nd-international-academic-conference-lisbon/table-of-content/detail?cid=35&iid=066&rid=6026 File-Function: First version, 2016 Number: 3506026 Classification-JEL: M21, F64, Q56 Keywords: small business, business environment, management Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:3506026