Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tunde Adeleke Author-Name-First: Tunde Author-Name-Last: Adeleke Author-Email: tadeleke@iastate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Iowa State University Title: Problematic Nature of Pan-African Nationalism in the Twenty-First Century Abstract: For much of the 19th and 20th centuries, Africans and Diaspora blacks struggled to create a Pan-African consciousness of ?nationhood? defined by shared ancestry, ethnic and racialized experiences of subordination and marginalization induced by the historical encounters with slavery, segregation and colonialism and neo-colonialism. Such supra-nationalism was deemed critical to survival and eventual triumph. This unifying supra-nationalism symbolized a collective response to shared challenges. Though relatively successful in the 19th and 20th centuries, this supra-nationalistic approach has become problematic with globalization and cosmopolitanism. Race, ethnicity and other primordial frames of identity are becoming obsolete. With globalization, cosmopolitanism and the growth of hybridization, it is difficult to justify the framing of any racial or ethnic derived supra (Pan) identity. Identity is a complex process of becoming; a very fluid process that replicates experiences of in-betweenness. It is therefore difficult to argue for a monolithic experience of ?Blackness? or ?Africanness?. Yet, many critics continue to invoke the old Pan-African supra-nationalism as the most effective countervailing weapon of resistance in the 21st century. Given the shrinkage of traditional frames of identity, and the complex and problematic character of identity, how viable is a racialized Pan-African nationalism? Are there intervening forces and circumstances which render such paradigm irrelevant? This paper examines and analyzes the problematic of continuing framing of Pan-African nationalism even as globalization shrinks and erodes the boundaries of race and ethnicity on which such nationalism had thrived in the past. Perhaps for Africans and Diaspora blacks, the solution lies in the reframing of a neo-Pan-African nationalism which takes into consideration the growing, problematic, complex and complicated character of racial and ethnic experiences in the 21st century? Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 1-1 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=001&rid=8575 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808575 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Diaspora, Pan-Africanism, Cosmopolitanism, Globalization, Colonialism, Neo-cilonialism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: NE?E ARAL Author-Name-First: NE?E Author-Name-Last: ARAL Author-Email: nesearal@uludag.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Uludag University Author-Name: MINE AYDEMIR Author-Name-First: MINE Author-Name-Last: AYDEMIR Author-Email: mineaydemir@uludag.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Uludag University Title: Investigation of Customer Loyalty in Tourism Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate customer loyalty in the tourism sector by taking into consideration quality of service and customer satisfaction.Method: A questionnaire was applied to measure customer loyalty, quality of service and customer satisfaction. 369 customers answered the questionnaire voluntarily. Approximately 42% of customers who filled out the questionnaire were male. The data were analyzed using the structural equations modeling. Results: The customer satisfaction and quality of service have been used to explain customer loyalty. A structural equation model containing these latent variables have been constructed and estimated. The signs of the standardized coefficients have been found to be in accordance with the expectations. Quality of service has directly positively affected customer loyalty (?=0.51; p<.01). Quality of service has directly positively affected customer satisfaction (?=0.71; p<.01). Customer satisfaction has affected customer loyalty directly in the positive direction (?=0.29; p<.01). Quality of service has indirectly affected customer loyalty both directly and through customer satisfaction. 55% of customer loyalty was explained by the quality of service and customer satisfaction. 51% of customer satisfaction was explained by service quality. The goodness of fit index values was acceptable. The results were X2/df=1.846; GFI=0.96; CFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.05; SRMR=0.04. Conclusion: This study focused on customer satisfaction and quality of service that affect customer loyalty in tourism. According to the results, customer loyalty was positively affected by the quality of service and customer satisfaction. The results highlighted that increasing service quality and customer satisfaction increases customer loyalty. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 2-2 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=002&rid=9471 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809471 Classification-JEL: C10, L83 Keywords: Quality of service, Customer satisfaction, Customer loyalty, Tourism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chayakrit Asvathitanont Author-Name-First: Chayakrit Author-Name-Last: Asvathitanont Author-Email: chayakrita@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Thammasat University Author-Name: Nopphon Tangjitprom Author-Name-First: Nopphon Author-Name-Last: Tangjitprom Author-Email: chayakrita1@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Assumption University of Thailand Author-Name: Vorapol Socatiyanurak Author-Name-First: Vorapol Author-Name-Last: Socatiyanurak Author-Email: chayakrita2@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National Legislative Assembly of Thailand Title: Long-Term performance of Corporate Governance in Thailand Abstract: The purpose of this study is to review the impact of the market on Adoption of Corporate Governance in Thailand for a decade during 2003-2017. The study examines the firm-level return in both operations, from ROA & ROE, and equity price return from different level of Corporate Governance rating in comparison to the market-Stock Exchange of Thailand through out the period. The study employs the long-term cross sectional comparison between firms which separate the Corporate Governance Rating firms into four quartile rank as Excellence, Very Good, Good and Poor Corporate Governance Rating. The test of quartile differences indicated that the Excellent level of Corporate Governance firms were performing better in comparison to the Poor level in four measures of returns which are Annual Monthly Return and Annual Holding Period Return, ROE and ROA as well as the TOBINQ. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 3-13 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=003&rid=9446 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809446 Classification-JEL: G34 Keywords: Corporate Governance, Long Term Performance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mine AYDEMIR Author-Name-First: Mine Author-Name-Last: AYDEMIR Author-Email: MINEAYDEMIR@ULUDAG.EDU.TR Author-Workplace-Name: ULUDAG UNIVERSITY Author-Name: NURAN BAYRAM ARLI Author-Name-First: NURAN Author-Name-Last: BAYRAM ARLI Author-Email: NURANB@ULUDAG.EDU.TR Author-Workplace-Name: ULUDAG UNIVERSITY Title: Analysis of Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction Abstract: The aim of this study is to understand and determine the factors situations that may occur in the workplace affecting job satisfaction. In particular, the experiences of the employees at the workplace (quantitative workload and interpersonal conflict) and their emotional abilities are considered as reasons. The study group consisted of 199 employees. The length of employment in the workplace at the time of the study was with a range of 2-26 years. According to the results obtained, these four variables have a statistically significant effect in explaining job satisfaction. 30% of the variance of job satisfaction is explained by these variables. Results show that the workplace experiences and the emotional ability of the people are effective on job satisfaction. Empathy and self-esteem positively affected job satisfaction, however, conflict and workload negatively affected. The most important variable explaining job satisfaction had found empathy.As a result of this study, empathy, self-esteem, quantitative workload and interpersonal conflict were identified as important variables to increase job satisfaction. Length: 6 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 14-19 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=004&rid=9324 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809324 Classification-JEL: C10, J28 Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Empathy, Self-Esteem, Quantitative Workload, Interpersonal Conflict Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Serpil Aytac Author-Name-First: Serpil Author-Name-Last: Aytac Author-Email: saytac@uludag.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Uludag University Author-Name: Salih Dursun Author-Name-First: Salih Author-Name-Last: Dursun Author-Email: sdursun@ktu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Karadeniz Technical University Title: The Effect on the Safety Culture of Occupational Accidents and Safety Behavior: The Case of Turkey Abstract: Work accidents are one of the most important problems encountered in working life. The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of safety culture on safety behaviour of employees and occupational accidents In literature, various measurement tools have been used for the evaluation of safety culture. In this study, a questionnaire was created which made use of the measurement scales in these previous studies, whilst also taking into consideration particular Turkish cultural characteristics. The dimensions of safety culture scales are as follows: Managers' commitment, priority of safety, safety training, safety communication, safety awareness and competency, employees' involvement, reporting culture. The sample of the study consisted of total 1371 working manufacturing sector in Turkey. The questionnaire was applied to all the employees during a 1-week period. The mean age of the participants was 30.36±7.69, mean working years 6.31±5.61. The data are analysed using frequency distribution, reliability analysis, correlation, t test and regression analysis.According to the results obtained with the safety culture dimensions it is a significant relationship between occupational accidents. It has also been found that safety cultures have a positive effect on the safe behavior of employees. According to results, safety culture has an important key role to create a safe and healthy working environment in workplace. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 20-28 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=005&rid=9355 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809355 Classification-JEL: I18, D23, J28 Keywords: Safety culture, Safety behaviour, Occupational accidents, Turkey Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Edward Bace Author-Name-First: Edward Author-Name-Last: Bace Author-Email: e.bace@mdx.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Middlesex University Title: ALM and Credit Risk Abstract: Credit risk is the main risk exposure of the vast majority of banks in any country. It represents a primary risk to the balance sheet. In a financial institution, credit risk management must be the responsibility of the Asset and Liability Committee (ALCO). The recommended operating model is that ALCO has effective authority to monitor, and ultimately approve, all operational aspects that impact the balance sheet.Individual business lines will manage their respective credit risks under the direction of the credit risk committee which also sets the firm-wide policy. Management of credit exposure (at the balance sheet level) is frequently undertaken by the treasury or ALM department, through use of credit derivatives, for example.The nature of ALCO oversight is technical: capital, liquidity, market and non-traded market and other cash flow impacts on the balance sheet. Given this core aspect of ALCO?s role, the need arises to establish a technical sub-committee of ALCO, perhaps called The Balance Sheet Management Committee (BSMCO), chaired by the Treasurer, to review the balance sheet and escalates issues where necessary to ALCO. Membership of BSMCO is at one level below the senior executives (CEO, CFO, CRO) with the exception of the Treasurer.The other recommended technical sub-committee of ALCO is the Product Pricing Committee / Deposit Pricing Committee (PPCO/DPCO). This is a smaller committee whose remit is to ensure that, based on the recommended model, all pricing decisions are made by ALCO. Products in question would be customer deposit products, perhaps extended to customer asset products if deemed necessary. PPCO (or DPCO) has delegated authority to approve specific changes to standard rates for one-off transactions.Given its importance to the balance sheet, ALCO can only undertake its mission effectively if it has final authority on credit risk exposure and credit risk appetite. This means the overall policy of the Credit Risk Committee must fall to ALCO review.ALCO is responsible for through-the-cycle sustainability of the balance sheet. Since credit risk exposure is the main negative impact potential on the balance sheet, ALCO must have oversight of it. This does not mean day-to-day running and minutiae of credit risk origination. It means approval of policies, monitoring of exposure and approval authority on significant transactions and any policy changes. This research presents such recommendations for effective implementations of a bank ALM process. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 29-29 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=006&rid=9651 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809651 Classification-JEL: G21, G32 Keywords: Asset liability management, treasury, credit risk Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: NURAN BAYRAM ARLI Author-Name-First: NURAN Author-Name-Last: BAYRAM ARLI Author-Email: NURANB@ULUDAG.EDU.TR Author-Workplace-Name: ULUDAG UNIVERSITY Author-Name: MINE AYDEMIR Author-Name-First: MINE Author-Name-Last: AYDEMIR Author-Email: MINEAYDEMIR@ULUDAG.EDU.TR Author-Workplace-Name: ULUDAG UNIVERSITY Author-Name: NESE ARAL Author-Name-First: NESE Author-Name-Last: ARAL Author-Email: NESEARAL@ULUDAG.EDU.TR Author-Workplace-Name: ULUDAG UNIVERSITY Title: Self-Esteem, Empathy and Jealousy in the Workplace Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among emotional states of self-esteem, empathy and employee jealousy in private sector employees using structural equation modeling. The study participants ranged in age from 28 years to 53 years, approximately 70% were male. The study group consisted of 216 employees. Printed questionnaires were sent to the entire private sector employees of a single fabric and were filled out anonymously. Relevant emotional states addressed in this study are self-esteem, empathy, and employee jealousy. A conceptual model was created in which self-esteem directly affects empathy and employee jealousy, and employee jealousy directly affects empathy. Then it was estimated by structural equation modeling. The results were ?2/df=3.070; RMSEA=0.09; SRMR=0.09. All the results are statistically significant. In particular, this study has shown that the self-esteem of employees is significant effects on the emotional states that can occur at work, such as empathy and employee jealousy. The employee jealousy plays a mediating role for self-esteem. Length: 5 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 30-34 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=007&rid=9325 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809325 Classification-JEL: C10 Keywords: Self-esteem, Empathy, Employee Jealousy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ?lknur Çevik Tekin Author-Name-First: ?lknur Author-Name-Last: Çevik Tekin Author-Email: ilknurtekin@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Author-Name: Tahir Akgemci Author-Name-First: Tahir Author-Name-Last: Akgemci Author-Email: takgemci@selcuk.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Selcuk University Title: The impact of Fear of Negative Evaluation of Employees on Organizational Silence Abstract: Fear of negative evaluation, individual performance, capabilities and behavior of others in mind the negative reviews about the possession, distress due to them, and to live in anxiety and fear of such environmentsis defined as the avoidance. The silence of the employees organizational conscious, active and for one purpose can be specified as a form of behavior carried out. The study was applied to 80 employees in the textile sector in Konya. Positive and significant correlation was found between the variables. SPSS statistical analysis of data within the scope of the study program; correlation, regression, independent samples t-test and were analyzed by One Way ANOVA. Length: 5 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 35-39 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=008&rid=9531 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809531 Classification-JEL: M19, L21, D23 Keywords: Fear of negative evaluation, organizational silence, textile sector Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Panachanok Chanwaiwit Author-Name-First: Panachanok Author-Name-Last: Chanwaiwit Author-Email: chanwaiwit@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Title: Focus on Form in Task-Based Language Teaching to Improve Translation Skills Abstract: Focus on Form is one of several teaching methodologies in Task-Based Language Teaching, which mainly concentrates on communicative class setting. This study examines students? skills in Thai to English translation after implementing Focus on Form in Task-Based Language Teaching, and the students? feedback regarding the development of translation skills following this method. The target group was comprised of 40 third-year English-major students at Chiang Mai Rajabhat University. The experiment consisted of 5 three-hour lessons focusing on form in Task-Based Language Teaching. The data were collected through a Thai to English translation test, a Thai to English translation evaluation form and a student?s opinion questionnaire. After implementing this method, the students? translation capabilities reached a satisfactory level of 65.16%. The students? opinions toward the teaching method were positive. The results of this study demonstrated the benefits of employing a form-focused approach in a classroom setting, and exhibited factors that affect students? translation capabilities. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 40-46 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=009&rid=8756 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808756 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Translation, Task-Based Language Teaching, Form-focused instruction, Focus on Form Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cledinaldo Aparecido Dias Author-Name-First: Cledinaldo Aparecido Author-Name-Last: Dias Author-Email: cledinaldodias@yahoo.com.br Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade de Brasília Author-Name: Marcus Vinicius Soares Siqueira Author-Name-First: Marcus Vinicius Soares Author-Name-Last: Siqueira Author-Email: marcs-vs@uol.com.br Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade de Brasilia Author-Name: Juliana Moro Bueno Mendonça Author-Name-First: Juliana Moro Bueno Author-Name-Last: Mendonça Author-Email: juliana_mbueno@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Brasilia Title: Mental health and labor relationships: a study with the legal analysts of the Office of the Prosecutor General - Brasil Abstract: Realizing the importance of social welfare and worker health, this article aims to investigate the work relations of the Office of the Prosecutor General (PGR), verifying the possibilities of risk and commitment of the mental health of the professionals and contributing to raise a illness in this field. An exploratory qualitative research was carried out with five judicial analysts, servants of the Office of the Prosecutor General. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews and the method of analysis was the Analysis of the Core of Senses (ANS). The method adopted allowed the identification of six categories of analysis, namely: "what is the centrality of the cabinet"; "Meeting goals is normal"; "Suffers from the violations that are very veiled here"; "I do landscape face" and "if it was someone else she'd even say I hate it. But I like". These categories were listed in explanatory tables, which synthesize their definitions, constituent themes and participants' verbalizations. It was observed a distance between the servers in the context of the general institutional environment, associated with a high degree of cognitive effort of reading and interpretations, that hinders the communication among the workers. The "subjection" of the worker was also verified to the productivist and managerial social logic. Concealed in a discourse of pleasure and satisfaction with work, the verbalizations of frustration are mostly directed toward the little acknowledgment given to the efforts made, the workload of the cabinets, and impotence in the face of a work that does not end. As a conclusion, it is verified that the work schedule, associated with the tasks routines and the few spaces for discussion of the conflicts, compromise the health of the professionals and render the environment hostile, requiring a rethinking of activities and social relations that permeate the space of work. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 47-47 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=010&rid=8718 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808718 Classification-JEL: I00, J81, J58 Keywords: Mental Health. Work relationships. Subjection. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808718 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cesar Escalante Author-Name-First: Cesar Author-Name-Last: Escalante Author-Email: cescalan@uga.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Georgia Author-Name: Hofner Rusiana Author-Name-First: Hofner Author-Name-Last: Rusiana Author-Email: hrusiana@uga.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Georgia Title: Borrower-Specific and Institutional Factors Leading to the Forced or Voluntary Exit of Microfinance Borrowers Abstract: Microfinance borrowers tend to have no properties to offer as loan security (collateral) as they are poor and low-income, and thus would constitute a considerable risk to lenders once they default. MFIs, therefore, have to device a system to ensure that loan defaults are as low as possible in order to maintain their financial sustainability, without which they would resort to higher interest rates that would only defeat the original intent of their microfinance lending philosophy.This paper seeks to identify factors that affect the voluntary exits or forced eviction of Philippine borrowers from microfinance lending networks focusing on indicators that are (a)internal to the borrowers? personal circumstances and business operating environments; and(b)those that capture the microfinance institutions? loan delivery operations. The analysis will analyze data compiled by the Social Enterprise Development Partnerships, Inc. (SEDPI) on micro-insurance borrowers in the Philippines from 2000 to 2010. Econometric analysis will employ Heckman selection techniques to determine significant determinants of either the forced eviction or the voluntary exit of MFI borrowers. Two versions of the Heckman equation system will be developed. The first version defines the selection equation to select MFI borrower observations who were forced to leave the program (FORCED=1; VOLUNTARY=0) for the outcome equation that identifies significant factors behind such MFI action. The second version?s selection equation focuses on the voluntary borrower exits (VOLUNTARY=1; FORCED=0) so that the outcome equation will determine significant factors behind such borrowers? decisions. Explanatory variables will capture personal, business, Centre-related, and macroeconomic factors. Expected results will shed light on how sudden changes in personal circumstances of certain borrowers (physical and economic), business viability issues (often associated with macroeconomic conditions), and institutional factors affecting borrower servicing and other borrower-lender relationship issues may lead to either the MFIs? decision to evict certain borrowers or individual borrowers voluntarily deciding to exit from the MFI lending system. This study offers important implications on achieving a proper balance of financial sustainability and social outreach goals of microfinance operations. This balancing of goals has been a difficult challenge for most MFIs globally. The Philippine microfinance experience may help shed light on possible remedies to this elusive balancing goal. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 48-49 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=011&rid=8465 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808465 Classification-JEL: D19, G21, L26 Keywords: microfinance, forced exit, voluntary exit, financial sustainability, loan repayment, loan delivery Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ABANG FAITH MIYANG Author-Name-First: ABANG Author-Name-Last: FAITH MIYANG Author-Email: abangfaithm08@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Higher National Institute of Siantou Title: Multiple Project Environments and Management Challenges Abstract: In the construction industry multiple project environments (MPE) exist where more than one project is managed simultaneously. The driving force behind MPEs is the pragmatic allocation of resources encumbered by uncertain economic times. However, MPEs create management challenges that need to be addressed. For that reason, this paper aims to investigate the challenges in respect to managing MPEs within the construction industry. It essentially reviews state-of-art knowledge in respect to MPEs identifying the rationale behind their development. At this stage it would appear that the interdependency and uncertainty within inputs, processes and outputs are major contributing factors to the MPE problem. It is of note that the majority of these findings were based within the context of developed countries. Hence, this review sets out to inform practitioners from developing countries in respect to lessons learned within more developed countries. This review is expected to lead to further investigations on MPEs and their inherent challenges. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 50-60 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=012&rid=8990 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808990 Classification-JEL: O13 Keywords: Project management, Construction industry, multiple project environments Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808990 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Helena Fialová Author-Name-First: Helena Author-Name-Last: Fialová Author-Email: helena.fialova@mup.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Technical University in Prague Author-Name: Lenka Adamcová Author-Name-First: Lenka Author-Name-Last: Adamcová Author-Email: lenka.adamcova@mup.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan University Prague Author-Name: Alena Ambro?ová Author-Name-First: Alena Author-Name-Last: Ambro?ová Author-Email: ambrozo@fel.cvut.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Technical University in Prague Title: Non-market services as quaternary sector of the economy Abstract: Modern economic theories develop the original three-sectors economy into four- or even five sectors economy when creating the quarternary (or even quinary) sector of the economy. The quarternary sector should play the role of ?an engine? pushing and pulling the economic growth of the respective country up. Industries included in the quaternary sector consists of intellectual activities often associated with technological innovations (called the knowledge economy) based on high degree of education of labor. Some economists go on and create the quinary sector separating activities of top executives and officials in fields as government, science, universities and culture and also activities covering childcare and education.This paper demonstrates another way of splitting the broad tertiary sector. It divides industries included in the tertiary sector into two groups: market and non-market services according to the definition of NACE or ISIC (statistical classifications used in EU or UN). The tertiary sector in the paper covers only market services. Non-market services on the other hand are represented by the quartenary sector and they comprise 4 NACE-CLIO branches. The basic idea for dividing the tertiary sector into two groups mentioned above was the similarity of market services with business activities included in the primary and secondary sectors. To some degree market services are closely connected with the performance of businesses in the primary and secondary sectors. Non-market services on the other hand, which are services provided usually free of charge or for a symbolic payment, include a special field of activities, which countries only on high economic levels ?can afford? to grant and only with inceasing economic level may enlarge and develop. The paper proves the conclusion of classical economists about changing shares of three production sectors with economic growth of a country in favor of the tertiary sector. The paper proved also a new hypothesis, namely that increasing economic level of a country is strongly linked to the growing share of non-market services, while the link to the share of market services is not so obvious.The analysis includes statistical series of data of main member countries of European Union. The mathematical background and applied analytical functions are described, as well. A specialised software IBM SPSS has been used for correlation and regression analyses. All results are presented in the form of tables and graphs. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 61-62 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=013&rid=9648 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809648 Classification-JEL: A10 Keywords: National income analysis, three-sector analysis, share of labor force in GDP, tertiary sector, quartenary sector, market services, non-market services. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Turkmen Goksel Author-Name-First: Turkmen Author-Name-Last: Goksel Author-Email: turkmen_goksel@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ankara University Title: Additional Source of Gains From Trade: The Response of the Labor Market to a Decline in Tariffs Abstract: A standard model of international trade has a setting with constant labor supply. However, this model introduces a consumption-leisure choice into a traditional model of international economics. Therefore, this paper focuses on the response of labor to changes in tariffs. Moreover, I show that there exists a positive optimal tariff rate which maximizes welfare in a setting with endogenous labor and compare this result quantitatively with the standard models using constant labor supply. This paper also focuses on the welfare implications of a decline in trade barriers (in terms of tariffs). I utilize a version of computational general equilibrium model of international trade (based on Armington assumption) where countries are potentially asymmetric in terms of labor endowment, productivity, etc. Eaton and Kortum (2002) derive a simple formula which shows the gains from trade and this formula is generalized by Arkolakis, Costinot, and Rodriguez-Clare (2012) in the case of iceberg costs and exogenously fixed labor supply. I generalize this formula in Armington setup with tariffs and endogenous labor supply and highlight the importance of both revenue generating tariffs and consumption-leisure choice. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 63-63 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=014&rid=9653 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809653 Classification-JEL: F10, F11, F16 Keywords: Endogenous Labor Supply, Optimal Tariff, Computational General Equilibrium, Welfare Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: John Hicks Author-Name-First: John Author-Name-Last: Hicks Author-Email: jhicks@csu.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Charles Sturt University Author-Name: Girijasankar Mallik Author-Name-First: Girijasankar Author-Name-Last: Mallik Author-Email: g.mallik@uws.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: University of Western Sydney Author-Name: Parikshit Basu Author-Name-First: Parikshit Author-Name-Last: Basu Author-Email: pbasu@csu.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Charles Sturt University Title: Earnings outcomes in metropolitan and regional labour markets? A gender-based analysis for New South Wales and Victoria Abstract: It is generally accepted that the key characteristics of labour markets in Australian capital cities differ from those of the labour markets in the rest of Australia although labour market policy is typically conducted at the national level without taking regional differences into account. Gender issues have frequently been highlighted in the many analyses of urban Australian labour markets. Other studies have focused on the urban-regional dichotomy of the labour market. However, although studies of labour market features and outcomes in Australia have focused on issues related to location or gender, they rarely address both. This paper seeks to establish if discrimination by gender differs between regional and urban communities in the Australian context. The conceptual framework used in this research is in the tradition of human capital analysis. We first analyse, separately, determinants of hourly wage rates and weekly incomes by gender in Australian metropolitan cities and regional areas. We then utilise the Blinder-Oaxaca procedure, to decompose the mean outcome differences between men and women within a region into that part that is ?explained? by gender differences in endowments and that part which remains unexplained by such differences and which therefore provides a measure of discrimination. The data is drawn from individual level confidentialised unit record files (CURF) data of the 2006 Australian Census. Gender-based analysis is conducted for each region, Sydney, regional NSW, Melbourne and regional Victoria, with a view to discerning if the impact of the determinants vary spacially. The research confirmed that gender plays an important role in influencing labour market outcomes. The research also identified a number of factors that impact on both hourly wages and weekly earnings and assessed how these factors impacted differently for men and women across metropolitan and regional areas. The results indicate that, in general, differences exist between men and women in hourly wage rate and weekly income earned. The determinants of these differences varied between metropolitan cities and regional areas. With respect to issues of gender discrimination in employment, the use of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique confirmed the presence of discrimination against women in all regions. Wage discrimination is more pronounced in metropolitan areas whilst discrimination in weekly earnings is more important in non-metropolitan areas. The latter discrimination is likely to reflect both fewer job opportunities for women and a lower ownership of income earning assets by women. Length: 25 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 64-88 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=015&rid=9499 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809499 Classification-JEL: J70 Keywords: Australian labour markets; discrimination against women; rural disadvantage Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: JANINA KAMINSKIENE Author-Name-First: JANINA Author-Name-Last: KAMINSKIENE Author-Email: janina.kaminskiene@asu.lt Author-Workplace-Name: Aleksandras Stulginskis University Title: A FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO THE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS DURING THE SHORT COURSE Abstract: Flexibility in the teaching of Mathematics is understood as the ability to create more than one method of teaching, which allows to understand and master Mathematics taking into account the specific needs of students and creating a learning environment that encourages thinking and effective work. While working with first-year students, we observe their varying competence and confidence in Mathematics. During the first-year studies, students of agricultural and economic specialties have a short course of Mathematics (3-6 ECTS credit points). Before graduating from school, they had studied Mathematics at different levels of A and B, they took either a school or state examination, or none of them. After the initial diagnostic test, we find very different mathematical fundamentals. Therefore, it is necessary to use several teaching methods that help to understand and learn Mathematics, taking into account the different backgrounds of students, their attitude towards Mathematics, the pace of learning and the way in which they learn. In addition, the aim is to interest students with this subject and to show the possibilities of applying Mathematics. The paper discusses the structure of the course of Mathematics, the use of methodological strategies, e-learning opportunities and the organization of additional work in order to ensure good mastering of the subject matter of Mathematics.The answers to questions on what, where, when and how to teach Mathematics are based on practical experience. A graphical analysis method and a method of statistical quantitative analysis of the research data were used in the study. The study presents the results of student surveys on the acceptability and necessity of the measures used to promote learning. The use of mini-tests, the Moodle environment, the practical self-testing tests with answers and the additional weekly counselling were rated positively by students. Video tutorials and applied tasks have attracted only a small percentage of students. Additional Mathematics courses for poorly prepared students did not receive special attention from the students to whom they were intended. Different teaching methods are differently accepted by students. One of the most important things is contacting students during the lectures and practical classes. All other complementary and self-work tools are effective only when students are motivated and they devote time to these studies. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 89-89 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=016&rid=9542 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809542 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Mathematics, e-learning, Moodle environment, mini-test, flexible teaching. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Young-Han Kim Author-Name-First: Young-Han Author-Name-Last: Kim Author-Email: kimyh@skku.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Sungkyunkwan University Title: Welfare Implications of Upstream Subsidy, Countervailing Duties, and Limited Verifiability Abstract: Based on a simple model integrating political contribution provided by exporting firms and verifiability problem of export subsidy for the upstream firms within intricately fragmented production processes, this paper demonstrates that strategic export policies influenced by political contribution can deteriorate social welfare. Moreover, when it is more difficult to identify the government subsidy provided to upstream firms within complicated vertical value chains, there is larger distortion due to higher export subsidies manipulated by the political contribution. Therefore, even if countervailing duties are imposed against the export subsidies, when the probability to detect the export subsidy is lower, the export subsidy dominates the countervailing duty with the distortion due to political contribution aggravated by the lower detection probability. These results implicate that with the deepening fragmentation of global production networks, as it gets more difficult to verify the subsidy provided to upstream production processes, it is more likely that the indirect and hidden strategic government interventions can be made. Therefore, it is imperative to make further efforts to enhance the verifiability of the hidden subsidies to reduce welfare deterioration caused by the politically manipulated strategic trade policies. Length: 23 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 90-112 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=017&rid=8912 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808912 Classification-JEL: F12, F13, L13 Keywords: Strategic trade intervention, Political contribution, Verifiability of hidden subsidy, beggaring thyself, beggaring thy neighbor Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pallavi Kishore Author-Name-First: Pallavi Author-Name-Last: Kishore Author-Email: P.Kishore@mdx.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Middlesex University Dubai Author-Name: Mariam Aslam Author-Name-First: Mariam Author-Name-Last: Aslam Author-Email: M.Aslam@mdx.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Middlesex University Dubai Title: Evidence on the Nature and Extent of Fall in Oil Prices on the Financial Performance of Listed Companies: A Ratio Analysis Case Study of the Insurance Sector in the UAE Abstract: The sharp decline in oil prices that started in 2014 affected most economies in the world either positively or negatively. United Arab Emirates has been striving to diversify away from oil and expects higher non-oil growth in 2018. This study involves calculations and comparisons of ratios pre and post the fall in oil prices in the insurance sector in the UAE. Parametric tests, conclude that while the change in profitability and efficiency ratios is statistically significant, the other ratios have been quite stable in the period. There has been an overall slowdown in the insurance industry yet UAE has been mostly resilient to the fall in oil prices and given the visionary leadership of its policy makers, the diversification strategy has taken effect rather quickly. Length: 21 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 113-133 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=018&rid=9821 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809821 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Insurance Sector, Oil prices, Parametric test, Profitability, Ratio analysis, United Arab Emirates Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ploychompoo Kittikunchotiwut Author-Name-First: Ploychompoo Author-Name-Last: Kittikunchotiwut Author-Email: ploychompoo.k@acc.msu.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Mahasarakham Business School Title: Social Capital as Knowledge Absorptive Capacity and Firm Innovation Abstract: The objective of the study is to investigate relationships amongst social capital, potential absorptive capacity, realized absorptive capacity, and firm innovation. The data were collected by using a questionnaire from 89 leather product exporting firms from leather products businesses in Thailand. The hypothesized relationships among variables are examined by using ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis. The results indicate that social capital have are significant positive impact on potential absorptive capacity and realized absorptive capacity. Potential absorptive capacity and realized absorptive capacity have are significant positive impact on firm innovation. This study might be useful to scholars and those who share an interest in the subject. Moreover, theoretical and managerial contributions, conclusion, and suggestions for future research are also interesting to be discussed. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 134-153 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=019&rid=8721 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808721 Classification-JEL: L20, M19 Keywords: Social Capital, Potential Absorptive Capacity, Realized Absorptive Capacity, Firm Innovation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808721 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnie Lashewicz Author-Name-First: Bonnie Author-Name-Last: Lashewicz Author-Email: bmlashew@ucalgary.ca Author-Workplace-Name: University of Calgary Author-Name: Jody Nicholson Author-Name-First: Jody Author-Name-Last: Nicholson Author-Email: jody@valid-assoc.org Author-Workplace-Name: Vegreville Association for Living in Dignity Title: Reframing less conventional speech to disrupt conventions of ?compulsory fluency?: A conversation analysis approach Abstract: Our purpose is to illuminate compliances with, and resistances to, what we are calling ?compulsory fluency? which we define as conventions for what constitutes competent speech. We achieve our purpose through a study of day-to-day communication between a woman with less conventional speech and her support providing family members and friends. Drawing from McRuer?s (2006) compulsory ablebodiedness and Kafer?s (2013) compulsory able-mindedness, we use ?compulsory fluency? to refer to a form of articulation that is standardized and idealized and imposed on all speakers including those whose speech is less conventional. We see compulsory fluency as central to North American conceptions of personhood which are tied to individual ability to speak for one?s self (Brueggemann, 2005). In this paper, we trace some North American principles for linguistic competence to outline widely held ideals of receptive and expressive language use, namely, conventions for how language should be understood and expressed. Using critical disability studies (Goodley, 2013; McRuer, 2006) together with a feminist framework of relational autonomy (Nedelsky, 1989), our goal is to focus on experiences of people with less conventional speech and draw attention to power in communication as it flows in idiosyncratic and intersubjective fashion (Mackenzie & Stoljar, 2000; Westlund, 2009). In other words, we use a critical disability and feminist framing to call attention to less conventional forms of communication competence and, in this process, we challenge assumptions about what constitutes competent speech. As part of a larger qualitative study, we conduct a conversation analysis informed by Rapley and Antaki (1996) to examine day-to-day verbal, vocal and non-verbal communications of a young woman who self identifies as ?having autism? - pseudonym Addison - in interaction with her support-providing family members and friends. We illustrate a multitude of Addison?s compliances with, and resistances to, compulsory fluency to bring awareness to competence inherent in less conventional speech and we argue this illumination as a call for listening with greater care and more open expectations in efforts to understand, and participate in the expression of, meanings embedded in less conventional speech. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 154-154 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=020&rid=9200 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809200 Classification-JEL: C18, D63, L38 Keywords: linguistics, critical disability studies, relational autonomy, conversation analysis, compulsory fluency Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Davit Maisuradze Author-Name-First: Davit Author-Name-Last: Maisuradze Author-Email: davit.maisuradze@iliauni.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: Ilia State University Title: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as Corporate Governance Model for State Owned Enterprises (SOE) Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that Corporate Social Responsibility is a modern trend among big corporations who are taking responsibility for supporting the environment and improving social wellbeing. Majority of the Big Corporations try to follow this trend and implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a corporate governance and business model in their corporate structures and activities. CSR underlines the social role of Corporations and promotes their involvement in improving the working conditions of employees, ensuring safety regulations and improving the environmental protection measures. At the same time, this corporate governance model does not discourage corporations from profitable economic conduct but advocates them to support the community with strengthening the vulnerable groups of society, supporting small businesses, providing trainings, coordinating activities with non-commercial entities, etc. Although, if the CSR is a free choice generally for commercial entities, it becomes somehow ?mandatory? for State Shareholding enterprises. These are enterprises where state is holding all or majority of shares. As these corporations are owned by the state, and therefore, indirectly by the society, corporate social responsibility should be a mandatory corporate governance model for such companies. This will enhance their role in serving public. However, in many countries State Owned Enterprises (SOE) lack transparency and openness which affects their accountability level as well. With low level of transparency, it is difficult to define the social and environmental benefits implemented by the SOE. The aim of this speech will be to highlight the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility for State Owned Enterprises. At the same time, the speech will provide new understanding of CSR, with characterizing CSR as a governance model which includes the transparency, openness and higher accountability of the corporations before community. Emphasizing, that state corporations should serve public not only in a social and environmentally safe way but also in a responsible, open and accountable manner.This speech will be presented as part of the findings of the Scientific Project. This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF) [Grant Number: #217878; Project Title: Legal Regulation, Challenges and Recommendations for Effective Corporate Governance System in State Shareholding Enterprises]. The speech will be presented by the Head of the Project - Davit Maisuradze. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 155-156 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=021&rid=9194 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809194 Classification-JEL: G38, K20, P12 Keywords: CSR, SOE, Accountability Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Éva Málovics Author-Name-First: Éva Author-Name-Last: Málovics Author-Email: malovics@eco.u-szeged.hu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Szeged Title: The difficulties of becoming an E- patient from Google ? patient. A qualitative research in Hungary. Abstract: Information technology is changing rapidly worldwide and so the communication. According to the literature the digital revolution will have a huge impact on how physicians interact with patients. The internet has become a powerful healthcare tool for a lot of people. As a result of these changes e-patient movement has evolved. These changes will have an important affect on the doctor ? patient communication and the direction of these relationship became a fundamental question. According to the literature the paternalist physician - patient communication should be replaced by a common decision however, this process requires significant change of attitude from both the patient and the physician.We made in-depth interviews with five patients with serious illness and with five doctors. We used the grounded theory method for analyzing data about the doctor ? patient communication. From the results we can see, that there are many appearances of needs to becomes from google patient to e-patient but the habitual barriers of paternalistic doctor-patient communication overwrite this efforts. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 157-157 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=022&rid=9628 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809628 Classification-JEL: A19 Keywords: E-patient, paternalistic communication,shared decisionmaking Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Avinoam Meir Author-Name-First: Avinoam Author-Name-Last: Meir Author-Email: ameir@bgu.ac.il Author-Workplace-Name: Ben Gurion University of the Negev Title: INDIGENOUS MOBILITY AND MODERN ROADS: BEDOUIN AND ROAD 31 IN ISRAEL Abstract: The transformation of the Negev Bedouin from mobile pastoral life into immobile semi-urban market economy, primarily through state intervention, has not ended Bedouin-state conflict. Even under semi-urban life, forms of spatial mobility, originating in their past tribal culture remain conflictual. This paper analyzes how the process of planning an upgrade of Road 31 in the Negev by the state violates the social order by curtailing this indigenous mobility. Over the years the Bedouin have created numerous informal dirt roads in their spaces that connect informally and illegally to the formal Road 31. These roads connect particularly to the 'unrecognized Bedouin villages' where the conflict revolves over the 'right for producing indigenous space'. The spatial syntax of these spaces, manifested through these roads, reflects the internal micro socio-political structure of Bedouin groups, facilitating secure movement for rival families thus sustaining the internal local delicate social order. The planning of the upgrade project ignored these forms of local mobility and connection to Road 31. Although the state agreed to regularize only few of these informal roads and 'intersections', most Bedouin spaces are left disrupted in terms of indigenous mobility. We conclude that: (1) the conceptual framework of the 'new mobilities paradigm' provides an opportunity for a more profound analysis of Bedouin space, and through this, (2) surfacing new significant layers of indigenous socio-spatial endogenous regulative measures that concern mobility, imported by the Bedouin from pastoral into 'settled' life; these are often overlooked by the state, perpetuating thus the spatial conflict. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 158-158 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=023&rid=9490 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809490 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Mobility, indigeneity, road, Bedouin Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Seemita Mohanty Author-Name-First: Seemita Author-Name-Last: Mohanty Author-Email: seemita@nitrkl.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India Author-Name: Kaushik Chattopadhyay Author-Name-First: Kaushik Author-Name-Last: Chattopadhyay Author-Email: kckc848@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India Title: Digital Literacy, Media Consumption and Cultural Exclusion - A Study on the Lodha Tribal Community of India Abstract: In today?s volatile globalized world, our daily existence is observed to be highly dependent on digital literacy and new media consumption. Yet at the same time, while some social groups exist within a dynamic and highly advanced technology-enabled media life, some others are still happy to sustain a media existence that adheres to, and promotes all that is conventional and predictable. The reasons for this preference towards a traditional media existence could be many ? lack of access to a digitized world, unconcern and indifference towards a technologically-advanced media, or lack of interest from coming out of a familiar and comfortable media space. Nevertheless, it is widely observed that when changes are wrought in communities and societies relating to technological advancements, it is the youth who are both its primary architect, and also the consumers. And in today?s world of instant connectivity, no matter how remote a community is located in a country?s map, the youths certainly find a way out to ?connect? to the outer world, or access the myriad entertainment outlets that new media has to offer. So how does this digital literacy and new media accessibility affect the social and cultural life of closed communities who have always been bound by specific cultural customs and traditions that gives them their unique identity? This change is now also visible among the Lodha tribal community of India, which was never observed before. The Lodhas are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of India, and are primarily found in the eastern Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal. They are forest dwellers and depend on the forest produce for their daily subsistence. The young people of the Lodha community are today observed to be moving away from their traditional cultural systems and into a more urbanized existence that is far removed from the life known to their previous generations. The research question that this study seeks to answer is ? ?Is there any interrelationship between new media existence and cultural exclusion among the youths of the Lodha community?? The study would be conducted among the Lodhas of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha to find out the extent of cultural exclusion among the Lodha youths. The study thus seeks to highlight the different aspects of cultural marginalization among the Lodha youth due to the influence of new media, which is being increasingly observed to be highly intrusive and all pervasive. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 159-159 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=024&rid=9036 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809036 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Digital literacy, cultural exclusion, new media, Lodha community, tribals, India Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kanibhatti Nitirojntanad Author-Name-First: Kanibhatti Author-Name-Last: Nitirojntanad Author-Email: kanibhatti@cbs.chula.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Chulalongkorn University Title: Corporate Governance Score and Earnings Quality of Companies Listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance score and earnings quality of companies listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. This study used secondary data of companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand in all industrial groups excluding companies in the market for alternative investment, business financial group, as well as the rehabilitation companies. The sample included companies with corporate governance score which corresponding to ?Excellent? and ?Very Good? recognition level in the year 2014 and 2015. The data was analyzed using regression analysis.In this study, the earnings quality is measured in terms of discretionary accruals and standard deviation of net income. The results suggested that corporate governance score was negatively related to discretionary accruals indicating positive relationship between corporate governance score and earnings quality. Corporate governance score was also found positively related to cash flows return to total assets. However, corporate governance score was not found to be significantly related to standard deviation of net income.The results of this study implied that corporate governance scores, based on the recognition level of the National Committee on Corporate Governance, are likely to represent earnings quality of listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand in the context of discretionary accruals and cash flows return to total assets. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 160-160 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=025&rid=8742 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808742 Classification-JEL: M00, G30 Keywords: corporate governance, corporate governance score, earnings quality, discretionary accurals, cash flows return to total assets Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tiiu Paas Author-Name-First: Tiiu Author-Name-Last: Paas Author-Email: tiiu.paas@ut.ee Author-Workplace-Name: University of Tartu Author-Name: Maryna Tverdostup Author-Name-First: Maryna Author-Name-Last: Tverdostup Author-Email: maryna.tverdostup@ut.ee Author-Workplace-Name: University of Tartu; Innsbruck University Title: Skills heterogeneity and immigrants-native wage gap in European countries Abstract: Theoretical background and aim of the study. Theoretical framework for studying immigrants-native wage gap relies on the classical human capital theory, stating that differences in individuals? education and skills transmit into wage. Due to a lack of appropriate data, previous studies mostly approximated human capital with formal education to measure wage gap and occupation-qualification match. This paper aims to extend the knowledge on how individuals? skills and, particularly their use in European labour markets, contribute to the immigrants-native wage gap. This knowledge can contribute to the policy debate on the immigrants? integration in the host labour markets by offering a novel evidence on immigrants? skill profiles and their current (under)use in the European labour markets. Data and methodology. Empirical part of the study bases on the OECD Program of International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data. We implement the multivariate regression analysis in the pooled and country specific samples. To precisely measure the individual human capital, we incorporate a formal education, literacy and numeracy skills, as well as the extent of cognitive skills use at work and in everyday life. Empirical results. On average, foreign-born respondents achieve substantially worse scores in literacy and numeracy skills, comparing to natives. Only highly educated immigrants reveal skill improvement over immigration tenure. There are systematic and statistically significant differences in skill application at work across immigrants and natives. Although, once immigrants attain comparable to natives? skill use frequency, their pay disadvantage turns statistically insignificant, even among low and medium educated foreign-born. To further support the robustness of the results, we present the effects of immigration tenure on skill level and replicate the immigrant wage gap analysis in country-specific samples. Conclusions and policy implications. The estimation results are stable leading us to the conclusion that potential for development and utilization of immigrants? human capital is still underused in the European labour markets. This suggest that an underuse of immigrants? skills and competencies is an important dimension of the immigrants? integration issue. The policy measures, having a potential to foster immigrants? skill use, include: development of the institutional framework improving qualified immigrants access to more challenging and highly rewarded jobs; improving the information system allowing immigrants to be better familiar with local labour markets; avoiding possible reasons for labour and housing markets? segregation; supporting socio-cultural integration of people with different ethnical background. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 161-162 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=026&rid=9585 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809585 Classification-JEL: J21, J24, O15 Keywords: human capital, immigrants-native wage gap, PIAAC, European countries Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ioana Palade Author-Name-First: Ioana Author-Name-Last: Palade Author-Email: ioana.palade@publichealth.ro Author-Workplace-Name: Babes-Bolyai University Title: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL?S RETENTION IN RURAL AND REMOTE AREAS. A CASE STUDY ON RURAL AREAS OF BUCOVINA, ROMANIA Abstract: The topic of this paper approaches a complex issue, namely the migration of medical professionals from rural areas. The Romanian medical system has its lacks, but the real problem is in rural and remote areas, where the working conditions determine the general practitioners? migration. In order to analyze this phenomenon and come up with some solutions, we developed a mixed-method study, having recourse to two research methods: the interview and the Discrete Choice Experiment. The Discrete Choice Experiment will focus on finding out the factors that drive the health professionals to migrate from rural and remote areas. Furthermore, the focus group completes our approach, outlining the health professionals? opinion with regards to the working conditions from rural areas of Bucovina. Also, after analyzing the results, we focus on finding some workforce retention strategies. Our findings suggest that the main factors which determine the migration of physicians are the quality of the facility, housing, length of commitment, study assistance, salary and management. These are the main areas that need improvement. Also, the results of the interviews revealed the fact that the family physicians from rural areas of Bucovina are not satisfied with their working conditions and their salaries. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 163-163 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=027&rid=9664 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809664 Classification-JEL: I18 Keywords: health professionals, rural areas, migration, retention, workforce Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ioana Palade Author-Name-First: Ioana Author-Name-Last: Palade Author-Email: ioana.palade@publichealth.ro Author-Workplace-Name: Babes-Bolyai University, College for Advenced Performance Studies Author-Name: Cristian Gavriloaia Author-Name-First: Cristian Author-Name-Last: Gavriloaia Author-Email: cristigavriloaia5@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Babes-Bolyai University, College for Advanced Performance Studies Author-Name: R?zvan Timi? Author-Name-First: R?zvan Author-Name-Last: Timi? Author-Email: timisrazvanvasile@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Babes-Bolyai University, College for Advanced Performance Studies Title: YOU CAN DO IT! A MHEALTH INTERVENTION FOR SMOKING CESSATION Abstract: This paper intends to approach mHealth interventions and their effectiveness when it comes to smoking cessation. Smoking is a problem not only in Romania, but it?s a worldwide issue. This topic needs to be further studied because applying technology in medical treatments is not a tackled issue in Romania. Our paper aims at analyzing the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on smoking cessation, having recourse to several methods: the focus group and the Discrete Choice Experiment. The Discrete Choice Experiment will focus on finding out the factors that drive the individuals to choose an mHealth intervention in order to quit smoking, despite the traditional types of interventions (medical patches, pills). The focus group completes our approach, outlining how individuals perceive the effectiveness of mHealth interventions for smoking cessation and what a mobile app should contain to be effective when ceasing this behavior. Our findings suggest that individuals tend to turn to a mHealth intervention instead of a traditional one when they can receive rewards or incentives or if they need a quick and accessible solution. What is more, the focus group?s results demonstrate the fact that individuals perceive mHealth interventions as not being effective. Also, mobile interventions should be tailored considering the needs of every individual and should contain a section with medical counseling. Considering these results, we believe that the Romanian medical system must introduce mHealth interventions in order to ease individuals? access to health and have a more patient-oriented system. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 164-164 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=028&rid=9665 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809665 Classification-JEL: I19 Keywords: mHealth, intervention, mobile app, smoking cessation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kever Bruno Paradelo Gomes Author-Name-First: Kever Bruno Author-Name-Last: Paradelo Gomes Author-Email: keverbruno@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto Federal of Brasília Author-Name: Rosana Carvalho Cristo Martins Author-Name-First: Rosana Carvalho Author-Name-Last: Cristo Martins Author-Email: kever.gomes@ifb.edu.br Author-Workplace-Name: University of Brasília Title: Environmental perception of resident farmers in agroforestry yards Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate aspects related to the perception of sustainable agriculture, especially on agroforestry yards, on rural properties of family farmers. Considering the proposed objectives, the present research is methodologically characterized as quantitative, exploratory and descriptive. The work was carried out on rural properties of the family farmers of the Rural region of Ponte Alta, Gama Administrative Region, in the city of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. The questionnaire used was composed of five blocks of questions, structured according to the objectives to be reached, in order to identify the profile of the family farmers, use of the yard, and environmental perceptions. The data treatment was performed through descriptive statistical analysis, using the R² software. We interviewed 99 people aged between 18 and 83 years with an average age of 49 years. Family farmers in the Ponte Alta - Gama region have little education. About 40% of the interviewees did not finish high school. Most farmers plant for the purpose of feeding, amounting to 96.97%. Then, the main reason is the trade, with more than half of the respondents, 57.58%. Finally, the other reasons were not so relevant, leisure with 14.14%, landscaping with 13.13%, occupational therapy and others with 8.08%. 45% of the informants refer to water as the main factor of the environment, while 75% have the perception that deforestation is the main source of aggression to natural resources. The agroforestry yards, in addition to ensuring a rich and diverse diet, both for self-consumption or to market surpluses in the local marketing channels, allows the planting and conservation of forest species important for the conservation of nature and softens environmental impacts on small farms. The study of perception in ethnobotanical and socio-forest relations can favor a more sustainable use of environmental resources. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 165-165 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=029&rid=8664 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808664 Classification-JEL: Q10, Q01, Q39 Keywords: Environmental education, forest backyards, rural development. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kyung Min Park Author-Name-First: Kyung Min Author-Name-Last: Park Author-Email: kminpark@yonsei.ac.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Yonsei University Title: When Do Diversified Internet Portals Grow Faster? Roles of User Loyalty, Search Orientation, and Confinement within Portals Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between business scope, user loyalty, and the growth of Internet portals. Using the monthly web traffic data of 29 Korean Internet portals from January 2001 to May 2008, this study employs a portal-specific fixed effects panel data model to test suggested hypotheses on portal growth. First, the study suggests that diversified portals within the portal industry grow more rapidly than those focusing on only a few segments. Additionally, this suggests that portals with higher levels of user loyalty surpass others in terms of growth rate. Regarding the above-mentioned effects of within-industry diversification and user loyalty on portal growth, the study posits the moderating roles of search orientation and confinement within portals, that is, a portal?s tendency to induce its users to stay and use categories within that portal. This study finds that higher levels of search orientation strengthen the relationship between within-industry diversification and portal growth, and that a greater level of confinement within portals strengthens the relationship between user loyalty and portal growth. Therefore, Internet portals need differentiated growth strategies to accommodate their search orientations and tendencies to confine user traffic within portals. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 166-166 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=030&rid=9645 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809645 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Internet portal growth, within-industry diversification, user loyalty, search orientation, confinement within portals Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Milad Pirayegar Emrouzeh Author-Name-First: Milad Author-Name-Last: Pirayegar Emrouzeh Author-Email: mpirayeg@unb.ca Author-Workplace-Name: University of New Brunswick Author-Name: Greg Fleet Author-Name-First: Greg Author-Name-Last: Fleet Author-Email: fleet@unb.ca Author-Workplace-Name: University of New Brunswick Title: Smart Cities Ability to Address Economic Challenges Abstract: Smart City is a multi-dimensional concept, which includes several disciplines such as social, economic, and technological sciences. By using smart city data, city authorities and stakeholders are able to explore opportunities to enhance quality of life, to improve economic conditions, and to provide better services. Smart city data and its indicators have been conventionally applied for three goals: (a) emphasizing current strengths of a community; (b) measuring smartness in existing cities; and (c) creating a new (smarter) city. This paper explores smart cities ability to overcome economic challenges within cities in three phases. The first phase studies the existing literature of smart cities, their criteria and indicators. The second phase reviews specific previous and ongoing projects in order to identify the multi-dimensional aspect of the concept. The last phase investigates a new practical perspective of smart cities, which addresses economic challenges. The outcome of this study is a unique conceptualization of smart cities in economic and social projects. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 167-167 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=031&rid=8622 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808622 Classification-JEL: P25, R51, I31 Keywords: Smart City; Economic Challenges; Smart City Indicators; City Management Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sirisuhk Rakthin Author-Name-First: Sirisuhk Author-Name-Last: Rakthin Author-Email: sirisuhk.rak@mahidol.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: College of Management, Mahidol University Title: Deconstruction of Absorptive Capacity and Its Applications Abstract: Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) is a central construct in several areas of organization studies, e.g., strategic management, new product development, and organizational learning. The most prominent objective dimensions of ACAP are the exploratory learning?acquisition and assimilation of knowledge, transformative learning?maintaining the acquired knowledge over time, and exploitative learning?applying such knowledge to achieve superior performance (Garud & Nayyar, 1994; Lichtenthaler, 2009; Zahra & George, 2002). Recently, much has been investigated on the effect of these well-established dimensions of ACAP on firms? innovation and performance. Yet, despite a few attempts (e.g., Matusik & Heely, 2005; Vasudeva & Anand, 2011), existing literature stops short of offering other dimensions of ACAP, especially the dimensions that could represent managerial perceptions of the construct?s attributes. Quite likely, organizations? failure to understand the managerial perceptions of ACAP or effectively anticipate it in their routines may account in part for loss of their organizational and individual learning, thereby diminishing their future economic performance. In addition, there is limited research on a marketing context of ACAP though market knowledge is also a critical component of a firm?s ACAP. In seeking to address these shortcomings, this study intends to explore, clarify, and explicate other plausible dimensions of ACAP while extending the scope of ACAP beyond technology-related context. The study offers an exploratory study, using in-depth interview and online survey, to both qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the richness and multidimensionality of the concept including its implications on firms? knowledge creation outcomes from managerial viewpoints. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 168-168 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=032&rid=9484 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809484 Classification-JEL: M10, C30, L20 Keywords: absorptive capacity; routines; extra-work; supportive organizational culture; trustworthiness of source; knowledge-oriented leadership; knowledge creation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Umer Ramzan Author-Name-First: Umer Author-Name-Last: Ramzan Author-Email: umer.ramzan@lbs.uol.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Lahore Title: Investigating the role of content based social media marketing in building customer loyalty and motivating users to forward content Abstract: The effectiveness of content on social media allows businesses to establish lasting relationships with their audience. It highlights the competence of a business and allows a firm to gain the trust of their audience by providing them the content they value. Well designed content also enables a website or social media presence to attract traffic and improve its google search ranking. It also motivates a user to share content with others. The concept of content-based social media marketing is very important and taking much concentration due to increasing trend of using social media and what drives customers to share the content and what kind of trust lead them to do so. A carefully planned content marketing strategy may help a company to get positive responses from consumers and maintain strong relationships with them by gaining their trust in terms of providing them a solution to what they are looking for. The study has investigated that how the right content of social media can increase customer loyalty and motivation to forward content through customer engagement and customer trust. Is there any impact of content on all these variables or not. For measuring the impact of content on social media marketing, this study collected data from people who use social media platforms and 200 respondents were selected with a questionnaire of 49 questions. The research includes that there is a positive impact of content-based social media marketing on increasing customer loyalty and motivation to forward content along with the mediating mechanisms of customer engagement and trust. Trust enables customers to share the content due to a high level of engagement. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 169-169 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=033&rid=8702 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808702 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Content Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Customer Trust, Customer Engagement, Customer Loyalty Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808702 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Luká? Re?ný Author-Name-First: Luká? Author-Name-Last: Re?ný Author-Email: lukas.rezny@uhk.cz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Hradec Králové Title: Dynamics in the Extended Neoclassical Growth Model Abstract: Presentation deals with the expansion of the Neoclassical model of economic growth with the energy sector. Firstly, the current problems presented by declining quality and limited quantity of the fossil fuels together with the properties of the new renewable energy sources are presented within the framework of EROEI (Energy Returned On Energy Invested). Next, the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption is introduced. Follows a brief description of the used modelling method, system dynamics and its advantages for an extension and analysis of economic models. The main content of this contribution is the description of the proposed expansion of the Neoclassical model of economic growth with the energy sector. The impact of the varied quality of renewable energy sources (EROEI) on the future economic performance is being studied with the use of sensitivity analysis within the proposed model which covers the time period of 1965-2065. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 170-170 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=034&rid=9561 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809561 Classification-JEL: O44, Q01, Q40 Keywords: Neoclassical model of economic growth; Energy sector; EROEI; System Dynamics Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Daiva Rimkuvien? Author-Name-First: Daiva Author-Name-Last: Rimkuvien? Author-Email: daiva.rimkuviene@asu.lt Author-Workplace-Name: Aleksandras Stulginskis University Title: Socio-economic differences of regions in Lithuania Abstract: Regional development differences in Lithuania are the result of various factors such as available natural resources, human capital, access to transport, public services etc.The aim of this paper is to assess socio-economic development of regions in Lithuania over the 2011-2016. The research has been focused on both aspects ? regional differences and changes over time. The research was based on the data of the Statistics Lithuania (http://www.stat.gov.lt). Study uses ten regional indicators which represent Lithuanian counties classified by NUTS 3 administrative unit. Kruskal-Wallis test (K-W) was used to determine if there are statistically significant differences among counties and years. The conducted analysis showed, that there was a statistically significant difference of the activity rate, the average disposable income and the number of households that have internet access, comparing by years. During the analysed period, these indices were increasing in all of the counties. It is possible to conclude that regional contrasts in Lithuania are still strong. Summing up the results of the analysis, there is a clear predominance of three regions ? Kaunas, Klaip?da and Vilnius counties. The highest GDP is in Vilnius County. The highest number of investments was in Vilnius and Klaip?da counties. The activity rate increased the most in Tel?iai County. The disposable income was growing unevenly in the counties. Comparing 2016 and 2011 years, the difference between the highest disposable income of Vilnius County and the lowest disposable income of another county has doubled. The research on regional differences in Lithuania has shown that present regional policy should be revised. The disparities in the level of regions contrasts in the population living standards can lead to social tension. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 171-171 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=035&rid=9541 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809541 Classification-JEL: A19, I31 Keywords: Regions, Regional Development, Differences, Lithuania Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mehlika Saraç Author-Name-First: Mehlika Author-Name-Last: Saraç Author-Email: msarac@uludag.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Uluda? University Author-Name: Reeta Raina Author-Name-First: Reeta Author-Name-Last: Raina Author-Email: rraina@fsm.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: FORE School of Management Title: Organizational Commitment And Intention To Leave : The Moderating Role Of Uncertainty Avoidance Abstract: Research related to Industrial and Organizational Psychology has long been criticized for limiting its scope within single cultural context and not considering culture as a critical contingency variable to explain organizational behavior and human resources management (HRM) practices. This puts constrains upon both theories and practical solutions to the organizational problems (Barrett and Bass, 1976). The values-as-moderators framework has provided interesting information leading to a better understanding of the antecedents (Farh et al., 2007; Gelade et al., 2008) and consequences (Cohen, 2006; Johnson and Chang, 2006; Wasti and Can, 2008; Yao and Wang, 2006, García-Cabrera and García-Soto, 2011) of some work related attitudes. Tendency to avoid uncertainty in organizations varies along with the tendency to avoid ambiguities in society at large, which is a major component of national culture. Hofstede conceptualize uncertainty avoidance with three components: rule orientation, employment stability and stress and defined as ?the extend to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations by establishing more formal rules, by not tolerating deviant ideas and behaviors, and believing in absolute truths and attainments of expertise? (Hofstede, 1980: 46). This study assumes that since employees high in uncertainty avoidance have greater tendency to rules, loyalty and emotional attachment to work and organization, they have strong desire to stay with the organization based on a sense of duty/ obligation or emotional attachment and they have fewer intentions to leave the organization than employees low in uncertainty avoidance. Therefore, the study attempts to investigate the moderating effect of one of the components of national culture, ?value-uncertainty avoidance? by focusing the differences between Turkey and India. Using data collected simultaneously from India and Turkey, authors conducted multi group structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to compare the relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave across samples from two nations. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 172-172 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=036&rid=9387 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809387 Classification-JEL: Keywords: uncertainty avoidance, structural equation modeling, intention to quit, affective commitment, normative commitment, cross-cultural differences Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Catherina Schenck Author-Name-First: Catherina Author-Name-Last: Schenck Author-Email: cschenck@uwc.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Western Cape Author-Name: Phillip Blaauw Author-Name-First: Phillip Author-Name-Last: Blaauw Author-Email: derick.blaauw@nwu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: North West University Author-Name: Jacoba Viljoen Author-Name-First: Jacoba Author-Name-Last: Viljoen Author-Email: kotiev@uj.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of Johannesburg Author-Name: Elizabeth Swart Author-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-Name-Last: Swart Author-Email: rswart@uwc.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Western Cape Title: Managing landfills and waste pickers on them in South Africa: Toward recognition, access and dignity Abstract: Good waste management is necessary to build sustainable and liveable cities. Recycling activities contributes to create these sustainable and liveable cities. A key but unrecognised element in promoting recycling is the efforts of waste pickers who make a living from recycling mainline recyclables. This article aims to describe the approaches used on ten landfills in South Africa to manage waste pickers? access and daily activities. A multiple case study design and cross case analysis were used in this study. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) was used to analyse and explain the data. The results showed that waste management policies and practices directly influence the waste pickers? access to recyclable waste and their livelihoods. Finally we highlight the inclusionary and exclusionary practices which may guide inclusive, participatory and co productive practices for waste pickers in South Africa. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 173-173 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=037&rid=8683 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808683 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Waste pickers, sustainable livelihoods, recyclable waste, landfills, management, sustainable development Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808683 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jisoo Son Author-Name-First: Jisoo Author-Name-Last: Son Author-Email: soosoo@skku.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Sungkyunkwan University Title: The impacts of domestic political economic structures on sustainable trade agreements between asymmetric countries Abstract: This paper examines how the domestic political economic structures influence the bargaining power of small economies facing market dominant large trade partner. Through the analysis of the incentive compatibility conditions of small economies and large economies facing different political stances of domestic interest groups, we demonstrate that when the politically influential interest groups of large economies take the political stance supporting free trade regime, small economies? bargaining power can be improved. This result stems from the reduced equilibrium transfer from small economies to keep the trade equilibrium as a stable equilibrium due to the pro-free trade political pressures imposed by the interest groups of large economies. This result provides good theoretical insights on why most small economies are so eager to keep close connection with the interest groups in large economies Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 174-183 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=038&rid=9525 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809525 Classification-JEL: F51, F53, D47 Keywords: Stable trade agreement, Domestic political interest groups, Bargaining power of small economies, equilibrium transfer to satisfy incentive compatibility conditions Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: zhaoxun song Author-Name-First: zhaoxun Author-Name-Last: song Author-Email: howardsong@hsmc.edu.hk Author-Workplace-Name: Hong Kong Hang Seng Management College Title: Integrated Co-cultural Communication Accommodation Strategies Abstract: Communication accommodation theory (CAT) describes the ways that people adjust their behavior while interacting with others, whether that is to gain approval or influence perception. CAT summarizes three adaption strategies: convergence, maintenance, and divergence. Convergence is used when we are seeking to connect with someone and gain their approval and divergence is used when we are trying to distance ourselves from others, seeking to maintain our social identity and voice. Co-cultural theory (CT) explores the communication strategies that non-dominant group members use when interacting within dominant society. CT proposes three preferred outcomes in co-cultural communication process: assimilation, accommodation, or separation. Assimilation means individuals attempt to ?fit in? the dominant group while accommodation means individuals participate in the activities of the dominant group without losing their cultural identity. Separation means that the non-dominant individual resists interactions with the dominant groups. Both CAT and CT are widely applied to the studies of the lived experiences and the communicative interactions employed by members with different cultural backgrounds. The accommodation strategies obtained from the empirical studies using different theories are identical or similar in many ways. However, there are few attempts from scholars to integrate the existing CAT and CT accommodation strategies into a comprehensive and heuristic whole. The aim of this paper, based on a thorough review of the existing CAT and CT literature, is to identify and integrate the relevant accommodation strategies adopted by co-cultural members. The integrated co-cultural communication accommodation strategies will provide a practical theoretical framework for the future researches on the non-dominant group members with different cultural backgrounds in their communication accommodation process. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 184-184 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=039&rid=8541 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808541 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Communication Accommodation Theory; Co-cultural Theory; Co-cultural Communication Accommodation Strategies Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sulkhan Tabaghua Author-Name-First: Sulkhan Author-Name-Last: Tabaghua Author-Email: sulkhani87@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Doctoral Student, Faculty of Economics and Business Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU) Title: Economic Growth in Transition Economies: Does investments matter? Abstract: Many countries from the beginning of transition period tried to find answer of Adam Smith fundamental question, ?how countries get rich??. Thus, main goals of all economic reforms, since 1989-1990 years until now in countries with transition economic for stimulation economic growth. All transition states have two way of development ?Shock Therapy? and ?Gradualism? for faster implementation free market based economic system.Countries that are characterized as transition economies, with the inefficient political or economical system investment will play a less prominent role in stimulating the economy than in the developed countries. Given these peculiarities, investments have lesser role in stimulation economic growth in countries with transition than macroeconomic policies, structural reforms, protection of property right.Countries? from the start of the transition period or from the time of became independent, economic policy focus on attracting investments for stimulation economic growth, but the height role of investment is not confirmed in examples of many countries, which indicates that the economic growth in countries of transition is not related to the number of invitations attracted by the country. Our research is developed based on Oleh Havrylyshyn, Ivailo Izvorski, Ron van Rooden study ?Recovery and Growth in Transition Economies 1990-97: A Stylized Regression Analysis?. IMF, 1998. Which include inflation rate, structural reform, share of government expenditure in GDP; investment; price liberalization index; competition index; exchange rate and privatization index as an independent variables, dependent variable is real economic growth (GDP). 31 countries as transition economic are selected based on World Economic Outlook, October 2000, IMF. Dates (1997-2014) used in econometric models came from different publications of IMF, EBRD and WB collected by author.Statistical characteristics of 12 models satisfy the necessary requirements for the evaluation, namely R2 are presented in 0.21 (minimum) and 0.43 (maximum) interval. Other statistics are also used for assessing the model: Akaike info criterion; Schwarz criterion; Hannan-Quinn Criter; Durban-Watson and F-statistics. In those models are analyzed different combination of independent variables.Panel model where the analyzed period is divided into two parts (1997-2004; 2004-2014), It is important to note that in these models all variables of investment are characterized by negative correlation with economic growth, statistical characteristics of models analyzed during the 2004-2014 data are considerably improved compared to the previous model.Inflation, governmental expenditures, price liberalization index, competition policy, exchange regime, investment has negative impact on economic growth, but structural reforms in important factor for stimulation economic growth rate in all models. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 185-186 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=040&rid=9587 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809587 Classification-JEL: C01, P20, P21 Keywords: transition economy; economic growth, investment, structural reforms. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bi-Huei Tsai Author-Name-First: Bi-Huei Author-Name-Last: Tsai Author-Email: bhtsai@faculty.nctu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Chiao Tung University Author-Name: Pei-Wei Kuo Author-Name-First: Pei-Wei Author-Name-Last: Kuo Author-Email: bay0937585@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National Chiao Tung University Title: The Effects of an Anti-Dumping Policy on Stock Prices of the Solar Companies Abstract: This study focuses on the reactions of abnormal returns on the Taiwanese solar stocks from eight anti-dumping events to examine the effect of anti-dumping tax on the Taiwanese solar companies. We collects the Taiwanese market reactions to U.S. announced anti-dumping tax on Taiwan, and the Chinese market reactions to U.S. announced anti-dumping tax on China. The purposes of this study are to explore whether abnormal returns are negative during the announcement of anti-dumping tax investigation. Furthermore, we test how abnormal returns change when the verdict of anti-dumping tax is favorable or unfavorable. Finally, we test whether Taiwanese solar stocks abnormal returns are positive during American announcement of anti-dumping tax on China. We find that the abnormal returns are negative during the announcement of anti-dumping tax investigation. The abnormal returns are positive if the verdict of anti-dumping tax is favorable. On the other hand, the abnormal returns are negative if the verdict of anti-dumping tax is unfavorable. Because China and Taiwan ranks top one and two in solar investment respectively, we find positive abnormal returns of Taiwanese companies during American?s announcement of anti-dumping tax on China. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 187-187 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=041&rid=8968 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808968 Classification-JEL: G00, H21, Q20 Keywords: Solar, Anti-dumping, Abnormal Returns, Tax, Verdict Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808968 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ersoy M. Uçar Author-Name-First: Ersoy M. Author-Name-Last: Uçar Author-Email: emucar@ticaret.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: ?stanbul Commerce University Title: The analysis of the relationship between internationally accredited educational quality and the quality perception of the students studying at an English preparatory school of a foundation university Abstract: In today?s world, all the higher education institutions across the world are trying to keep and improve their educational standards in order to respond to the ever-changing needs and expectations of all their stakeholders and to survive under great environmental pressure resulting from the stiff global and local competition. To this end, they need to plan, control and improve their own educational quality on a regular and continuous basis. However, if there is a considerable gap between the internationally agreed-upon quality standards and the quality offered within the institutional framework, it will be very difficult to claim objectively that the educational services provided are of the highest achievable quality. Thus, obtaining international quality accreditation is of crucial importance both in proving the educational quality offered institutionally and persuading all the stakeholders that the education provided is planned, monitored, evaluated and improved in line with the predefined and preset international quality standards. On the other hand, having an international quality accreditation as a higher education institution might not always guarantee a positive quality perception on the students? part, who are the actual consumers of the quality. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the internationally accredited educational quality and the quality perception of the students studying at an English preparatory school of a foundation university in Turkey. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 188-188 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=042&rid=8530 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808530 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Quality, quality assurance, higher education, international accreditation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: LALIDA WIBOONWACHARA Author-Name-First: LALIDA Author-Name-Last: WIBOONWACHARA Author-Email: lalidawiboon@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Chiang Mai Rajabhat University Title: Enhancing Critical Thinking of Thai EFL Learners through Questioning Technique Abstract: Nowadays, many Thai educators consider using more effective techniques to teach and to foster critical thinking in the classroom. Critical thinking is one of the most vital skills that learners should develop in order to survive in the real world. Critical thinking can help learners analyze, judge and evaluate massive amount of information in daily life, and prevents them from being trapped in biases and accepting incorrect information. Moreover, critical thinking can help construct their knowledge more effectively. Learners should be able to assess their thinking carefully in order to shape their thinking process. Questioning is one way to help them think critically. This classroom research aimed to enhance students? critical thinking through question ? based activities in EFL classroom, and to examine the opinions and awareness of students towards question ? based activities. The sample consisted of 43 second-year English major students. The research instruments were 1) question-based lesson plans of an Inferential Reading course 2) 25 questions with 5 multiple choices to assess their critical thinking skills 3) a five-scale opinion questionnaire used to explore the students? opinion on English language instruction through questioning technique in the Inferential Reading course and 4) students? reflective writing on the instruction in the Inferential Reading course. The results showed that the students? critical thinking skills were higher after participating in the question-based activities at 0.01 level of significance, and the students? opinions towards question-based activities was at a high level ( = 4.49). The students were aware of the importance and benefits of questioning both in academic sense and in everyday life situations. Moreover, they realized that asking questions could help improve their critical thinking skills. They learned how to carefully consider the information before making any decisions. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 189-189 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=043&rid=8778 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7808778 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Questioning, Critical Thinking, EFL learners Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7808778 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Lixia Yao Author-Name-First: Lixia Author-Name-Last: Yao Author-Email: esiyaol@nus.edu.sg Author-Workplace-Name: Energy Studies Institute, National University of Singapore Title: Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia?s energy sector: Impacts and implications for the region Abstract: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI hereafter) is an enormous infrastructure initiative first announced by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013. It is the largest infrastructure initiative ever. Investment will be directed to roads, railways and ports, as well as energy infrastructure including coal plants, pipelines, transmission lines and renewable energy projects. This study focuses on energy infrastructure investment in Southeast Asia. First it briefly reviews (with data) the current energy security situation and concerns in Southeast Asia; second, it discusses new Chinese investment in energy infrastructure in Southeast Asia since BRI was initiated; third, it analyzes its impact on energy capacity increment and energy infrastructure connection in the region; lastly, the study looks at how the Chinese investment can help or hinder the energy market integration in Southeast Asia and the potential role of Singapore against the context of BRI in Southeast Asia?s energy sector. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 190-190 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=044&rid=9108 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809108 Classification-JEL: Keywords: The Belt and Road Initiative; Southeast Asia; Energy investment Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Muge Leyla YILDIZ Author-Name-First: Muge Leyla Author-Name-Last: YILDIZ Author-Email: mlyildiz@marmara.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Marmara University Author-Name: Selay G?RAY YAKUT Author-Name-First: Selay G?RAY Author-Name-Last: YAKUT Author-Email: mlyildiz@marmara.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Marmara University Title: Generational Differences in Career Expectations: An Empirical Study among Turkish workers Abstract: A new generation of employees with different needs and new expectations of management is entering the workplace. They are known by many names, but most will recognize them as the Nexters or Generation Y. It is essential to be understood about generational differences in organizations. Career expectations play a major role in determining career outcomes. It is important to understand what generations expect in their career path. This study aims to investigate career expectations of Generation X and Y in Turkish society. The sample of this study consisted of 1200 workers in differnet sectors in Turkey. The results represent the Turkish generational differences in career expectations. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 191-191 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=045&rid=9481 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809481 Classification-JEL: M12, M14, J24 Keywords: Millenials, generation cohort, career expectations Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Borut Zgonc Author-Name-First: Borut Author-Name-Last: Zgonc Author-Email: borut.zgonc@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana Author-Name: Metka Tekav?i? Author-Name-First: Metka Author-Name-Last: Tekav?i? Author-Email: metka.tekavcic@ef.uni-lj.si Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana Author-Name: Marko Jak?i? Author-Name-First: Marko Author-Name-Last: Jak?i? Author-Email: marko.jaksic@ef.uni-lj.si Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana Title: Break-even distance estimation between combined and unimodal road freight transport Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of distance on choosing between combined and unimodal road transport. In doing so, the break-even distances between the two modes are calculated. The calculation relies on a Monte Carlo simulation that takes account of a randomly generated shipper and receiver?s locations in two separated market areas, independently of a certain transport corridor. Methodically, the ideas and elements of the transport system analytical modelling found in the literature are used. The results confirm the importance of distance on the mode choice and show there is not only one but in fact many break-even distances between the two modes. They vary considerably depending on different travel plans, and shipper/receiver locations within market areas. Despite the inevitable assumptions made in such general analysis, the results reveal combined transport can provide a good alternative to unimodal road transport even over relatively very short distances if the drayage costs are not too high. We believe the research helps better understand competitiveness in the freight transport sector and may also be useful for policy- and other decision-makers seeking to improve their evaluation of the opportunities and competitiveness of combined transport. Nevertheless that could lead to a more sustainable transport system. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th International Academic Conference, Prague, Jul 2018, pages 192-192 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/38th-international-academic-conference-prague/table-of-content/detail?cid=78&iid=046&rid=9650 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7809650 Classification-JEL: L91, R40 Keywords: Break-even distance; freight mode choice; combined transport; Monte Carlo simulation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7809650