Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nasr Abdrabo Author-Name-First: Nasr Author-Name-Last: Abdrabo Author-Email: nasr.abdrabo@aol.com Author-Workplace-Name: The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) Title: Semantic Encoding Strategy Training in Foreign Language Acquisition: The Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) Model Abstract: This presentation represents a paper devoted to pedagogical participation in researches conducted in applied linguistics literature, seeking to take an active role in maximizing the effectiveness of foreign language (FL) teaching and learning strategies. The paper highlights an innovative foreign language teaching strategy, that is, applying ?semantic-encoding strategy training? in foreign language acquisition, giving weight to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) teaching and learning strategies. Three research questions guided the paper topic:RQ1: How can foreign language learners acquire new input effectively?RQ2: What Brodmann?s cortical areas are involved in semantic encoding processing during intentional encoding?RQ3: How can MSA instructors conduct semantic encoding strategy training effectively in classroom? The researcher initiated the paper by reminding of ?information processing? in human brain to indicate the role of ?semantic encoding? in foreign language acquisition. The paper referred to two experiments conducted by two teams of practitioners composed of psychologists, radiologists and psychiatrists, who were interested in investigating the role and function of Brodmann?s cortical areas assigned to language learning:1. Demb et al: Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPC): A functional MRI study of task difficulty and process specificity. 2. Kirchhoff et al: Cognitive and neural effects of semantic encoding strategy training in older adults.The researcher demonstrated Brodmann?s cortical areas involved in semantic encoding processing during intentional encoding, as well as the particular function of each area during language learning: ?Area 45- Pars Traingularis (Broca?s area),?Area 46- Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,?Area 47 ? Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus, ?Medial superior fontal gyrus (Areas 8, 9&10),?Right prefrontal gyrus (Area 4),?Left caudate (Area 22),?Prefrontal lateral temporal (includes areas 9 & 46), and?Left lateral temporal (Area 21).The researcher introduced ?Systematically- Linguistic Structured Pattern? (SLSP) as ?a systematic-linguistic pattern facilitates perceiving the linguistic concept of the interlocking and intertwined grammatical components and linguistic characteristics of a language taught as a target language (TL) and serves as semantic encoding-based-teaching approach.?. The researcher concluded the paper by providing a model of ?semantic encoding strategy training? application employing SLSP in MSA instruction, which can be implemented in MSA learning setting, aiming at reducing\eliminating the challenges that learners encounter during MSA acquisition. Length: 21 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 1-21 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=001&rid=9670 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109670 Classification-JEL: A19 Keywords: information processing; semantic encoding; fMRI; Brodmann?s cortical areas 45, 46, 47, 8, 9&10, 4, 22, 9&46, and 21; semantic encoding strategy training; Arabic language linguistic characteristics; semantic encoding-based-MSA teaching approach; systematically-linguistic structured pattern (SLSP); Sandhi. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: UTKU ALTUNOZ Author-Name-First: UTKU Author-Name-Last: ALTUNOZ Author-Email: utkual@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: sinop university Title: DOES HERD BEHAVIOUR EXIST IN TURKISH STOCK MARKETS? THE CASE OF BORSA ISTANBUL Abstract: Herd describes how individuals in a group can act collectively without centralized direction. The herd behavior on stock markets implies that investors ignore their own ideas in stock trading decisions and trade in the direction of the market. It is important to detect the effect of herding behavior in markets to assess the validity of rational asset pricing models and diversification opportunities. This paper, the validity of herding has been researched at Borsa Istanbul by considering two different models developed by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang, Cheng, and Khorana (2000). Research data consists of daily logarithmic stock returns for the period of 1998 ? 2016. Study has been diversified by dividing the period into two sub-periods, 1998-2005 and 2006- 2016. According to obtained results, the direction that herding behavior effect has been felt intensively at the first sub-period in rising market conditions. The effect has fallen at the second sub-period. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 22-33 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=002&rid=9857 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109857 Classification-JEL: C12, C13, G14 Keywords: : Herding Behavior, Diversification, Christie and Huang (1995) Model, Chang, Cheng, and Khorana (2000) Model. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109857 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: GUIRA AMOR Author-Name-First: GUIRA Author-Name-Last: AMOR Author-Email: guirra_omar@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Université Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahya -Jijel Title: The auditing expectation gap in Algeria: reasons and solutions Abstract: The objective of this paper, is to highlight the reality of the audit expectation gap between auditors and beneficiaries of the audit services, in Algeria, and determinate the reasons of this phenomenon and its effects, in order to provide possible solutions to narrow this gap, because it?s final elimination is impossible. To achieve the objective of this research we refer to the literature research realized in this subject in some developed and developing countries, Extracting and analyzing their results, for to develop an integrated theoretical framework to understand and address this phenomenon. We also distributed two questionnaires survey to the both ends of the gap (auditors and users of audit services) to gather data, the data collected were analyzed using the SPSS program. As a result, we concluded that audit expectation gap exist strongly by its two components (reasonableness gap, performance gap) in Algeria. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 34-34 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=003&rid=9749 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109749 Classification-JEL: M42 Keywords: audit, audit expectation gap, reasonableness gap, performance gap, Algeria. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: CANDRA FAJRI ANANDA Author-Name-First: CANDRA FAJRI Author-Name-Last: ANANDA Author-Email: candra064@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Economics and Business Faculty of Brawijaya University Author-Name: ABDUL MANAP PULUNGAN Author-Name-First: ABDUL MANAP Author-Name-Last: PULUNGAN Author-Email: pulungan84@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SUPERVISORY BOARD OF BANK INDONESIA Title: Determinant of Income Inequality in Indonesia: Study Case 33 Provinces in 2011-2016 Abstract: This study intends to determine whether factors of income inequality in Indonesia based on regional data. Economic growth, unemployment, and inflation represent macroeconomic factors, whereas regional expenditure is deemed as a factor of the fiscal side. In the term of the financial, the study used the share of tradable sector credit to the total credit of commercial bank. By applying, the fixed effect panel framework, the study concluded that the factors of the macroeconomic and credit impact on income inequality, while the regional expenditure is not significant. However, the study also found that the impact of economic growth on inequality is positive which is different from previous studies. This suggests that the impact of economic growth tend to serve more middle and upper-income groups than lower income. Furthermore, the regional expenditure is mainly dominated by the personnel expenditure that has limited impact on income inequality. In addition, the disbursement of capital budgets is relatively low for roads, irrigation, and networking. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 35-48 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=004&rid=10387 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110387 Classification-JEL: H00, H70, H72 Keywords: income inequality, macroeconomic, fiscal, financial Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tope Isaac Awe Author-Name-First: Tope Isaac Author-Name-Last: Awe Author-Email: awe.isaactope@coeikere.edu.ng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Education, Ikere - Ekiti. Title: TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND MANUFACTURED EXPORT IN NIGERIA Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between total factor productivity and manufactured export in Nigeria between 1973 and 2009. The study made use of time series data and adopted vector autoregressive (VAR) Model with its forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) in investigating shock transmission among TFP and manufactured export. The study also estimates TFP in Nigeria using non-parametric approach. The empirical finding in the study revealed that TFP in Nigeria had been low and unstable, indicating a situation of poor and unstable technological growth in Nigeria. The study also found that both manufactured export and import of capital goods exhibited positive relationship with TFP in Nigeria. The findings also showed the existence of bi-directional causality between Total factor productivity and manufactured export in Nigeria. The paper recommended that government should improve technological efficiency i.e. TFP and import of capital goods in order to experience improvement in Nigeria manufactured export, government should also take drastic step in improving the growth of per capita output . Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 49-66 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=005&rid=10264 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110264 Classification-JEL: A10 Keywords: Total Factor Productivity and Manufactured Export Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sayan Banerjee Author-Name-First: Sayan Author-Name-Last: Banerjee Author-Email: molebiol@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Chandragupt Institute of Management Patna Title: Industrial Products and Shift in Value chain ? Perspectives behind innovation policy Abstract: To get to a final industrial product the consequent value chain always involves changes from left ? the basic raw materials to the right- the final product .Not getting into the technological nitty gritty this paper is an humble attempt to understand this shift in value chain of an industrial product with aspects like export portfolio and national innovation systems of different countries. This paper has tried to build up the narrative of ( Ling & Tang ,2009) by revisiting their perspectives with aspects like innovation systems and export portfolio .On this basis an attempt has been made to conceptualise a pertinent innovation policy of different category of countries based on economic and other factors. The aim of this paper is to help in the process of understanding of optimum innovation policies through various assorted aspects which can be interlinked with various innovation activities of a country. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 67-67 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=006&rid=9945 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109945 Classification-JEL: M16 Keywords: National Innovation System, theory of competitive advantage,theory of comparative advantage Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109945 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Subodh Bhat Author-Name-First: Subodh Author-Name-Last: Bhat Author-Email: sbhat@sfsu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: San Francisco State University Author-Name: Sasha Mircov Author-Name-First: Sasha Author-Name-Last: Mircov Author-Email: sasha.mircov@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: San Francisco State University Title: Do Retro Ads Differ in their Characteristics from Non-retro Ads? Abstract: Retro culture is very popular among young consumers and therefore marketers have been targeting them with retro ads. However, very little is known about the characteristics of retro ads and how they affect young people. We argue that retro ads do not have the same characteristics as nostalgic ads as nostalgia is mainly felt by older consumers who have lived through the eras or experiences shown in those ads. Young consumers would not have directly experienced these situations. In this study, young consumers in the U.S. were shown both retro ads and very similar non-retro ads. The youth did not differentiate between retro ads and non-retro ads even on characteristics typically identified with retro such as artistic and ironic. However, unlike non-retro ads, retro ads helped them recall the past and made them feel nostalgic. At the same time, retro ads and non-retro ads evoked similar pleasant feelings. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 68-68 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=007&rid=10152 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110152 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Retro cultureAdvertisingAd characteristicsNostalgia Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Meena Bhatia Author-Name-First: Meena Author-Name-Last: Bhatia Author-Email: meena.bhatia@bimtech.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Birla Institute of Management Technology Author-Name: Mwila Mulenga Author-Name-First: Mwila Author-Name-Last: Mulenga Author-Email: mwilamulenga2011@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Finance Management (IFM) Title: Do Accounting numbers have any relation with Stock prices? A Case of Public and Private sector banks of India Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the accounting numbers and the share price of the banks in India, and also to study if there is any significance difference in the relevance of accounting numbers in case of public sector and private sector banks.Design/methodology/approach-The study used panel least regression analysis by incorporating Fixed effect model (FEM) and Random effect model (REM), where nine set of accounting variables regressed against market share price of private and public sector banks for a period of 10 years from 2005 to 2014.Findings ?The empirical findings revealed that, out of nine independent variables used; the earnings per share, book value per share, assets turnover and current ratio were significant in private sector banks and earnings per share, book value per share, return on equity and net non-performing assets ratio were significant in public sector banks. Overall empirical findings reported that the accounting numbers in public sector banks is more relevant than that of private sector banks and this supports the hypothesis of the study that there is significant difference in the relevance of accounting numbers between public sector banks and private sector banks.Practical implications ?The empirical findings of this study contribute to existing literature and provide additional insight to Indian investors to understand the importance of accounting numbers in banking sector; also it provides insight to bankers by identifying accounting numbers which are accorded significance by the stock market. Originality/value -To the best of author?s knowledge, this is the first empirical study which compared the accounting numbers private and public sector banks of India. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 69-69 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=008&rid=10140 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110140 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Accounting information, Share price, Bombay stock exchange, Private sector banks, public sector banks, India Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Somarathna Chandrasekara Author-Name-First: Somarathna Author-Name-Last: Chandrasekara Author-Email: sagara.user@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Colombo Title: Relationship among Big Five Personality Traits, Job Performance & Job Satisfaction: A Case of School Teachers in Sri Lanka Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationships among Personality traits, Job Satisfaction and Job performance. A sample survey was conducted with 150 government schoolteachers using a closed ended questionnaire based on Personality Traits developed by Norman and McCrae & Costa, Job Performance developed by Borman & Motowidlo?s, Task Performance developed by McAllister?s, Contextual Performance developed by Organ and Farh?s et al., and Job Satisfaction developed by Porter & Lawler, and Organ. Face to face interviews were performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Job satisfaction and job performance have a reciprocal significant relationship. All the personality traits significantly influence on job performance whereas the Agreeableness indicates the greatest effect on job performance. In terms of job satisfaction, Agreeableness is most influential factor, followed by Extraversion. The other three personality factors do not have effect on job satisfaction. The contribution of this study is to provide empirical support for the reciprocal effect of job performance and job satisfaction. These findings confirm the pervious studies? causal relationship between these two variables. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 70-70 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=009&rid=9638 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109638 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Big five personality traits, Job satisfaction, Job performance, Sri Lanka Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Saloua Chaouche Author-Name-First: Saloua Author-Name-Last: Chaouche Author-Email: chaouche.saloua@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: École nationale supérieure de statistique et d'économie appliquée Author-Name: rachid toumache Author-Name-First: rachid Author-Name-Last: toumache Author-Email: rtoumache@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ENSSEA d'Alger Author-Name: Imane Benameur Author-Name-First: Imane Author-Name-Last: Benameur Author-Email: benameur1013@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ENSSEA Title: Natural Resources from Curse to a Blessing : conjuring the curse Abstract: Many countries are blessed with natural resources which logically have the power to transform their economies, so that the development of the natural resource could produce wealth for that nation, but actually it leads to become overly dependent on one resource, to the detriment of the rest of the economy. In fact, the discovery of natural resources is very often followed by economic instability in many of those countries. Moreover, the volatile resource prices have especially negative impacts on weak-state economies and cause growth to be unstable, so the resource-rich countries often do not pursue sustainable growth strategies. They fail to recognize that if they do not reinvest their resource wealth into productive investments above ground, they are actually becoming poorer. Given this very sad picture, one can ask if the curse of natural resources is a fatality, can anything be done? The main point for our purpose is to explore if the improvement of the governance, education sector , and high institutional quality with more transparency can be the antidotes and will help to conjure the spell and turn to "resource blessing".Using the L S method we estimated the regression whose dependent on GDP variable for the period from 1986 to 2017, which is a function of a vector of explanatory variables, including the variable that measures the abundance of natural resources, those measuring institutional quality, as well as other control variables. We chose two ways to measure the abundance of natural resources to ensure that our results are unbiased: The first measure is the percentage of oil, gas and ores rent from GDP. The second measure is the logarithm of one plus the value of per capita oil production. We used as measure of institutional quality : Rule of law that represents the credibility rate of the population in state institutions , regulatory quality which reflects the ability of the public authorities to put in place sound policies and regulations that allow the development of the private sector. Government Effectiveness which reflects the perception of the quality of public services, the quality of the public service and its degree of independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and credibility of the government?s commitment to these policies. And we used: degree of openness, gross fixed capital formation, life expectancy at birth, and number average years of schooling at the age of 15 as control variables. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 71-72 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=010&rid=10371 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110371 Classification-JEL: C19, C59, C51 Keywords: Natural resources, institution quality, government effectiveness Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Saibal Chattopadhyay Author-Name-First: Saibal Author-Name-Last: Chattopadhyay Author-Email: chattopa@iimcal.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Title: Adaptive estimation using records data under asymmetric loss, with applications Abstract: We consider a scenario where data are accessible in terms of record values, as can happen in a wide range of practical situations. Examples include the hottest day ever, the lowest stock market figure, auction prices of an item in bidding, etc. Such data can be analyzed as record values from a sequence of observations, an upper or lower record value being one that is larger or smaller, respectively, than all previous observations. The literature on classical theory of records and its several variants is quite rich. A significant literature also exists in reliability theory and associated areas. Not much work has, however, been done so far using records data when over and under estimation of the parameter of interest attract unequal penalties, even though there is a compelling need for considering such an asymmetric loss function whenever the consequences of over and under estimation are not identical. This can happen in such diverse fields of application as real estate management, accounting, reliability analysis, and so on.From the above perspective, we consider the estimation problem based on records data for the scale parameter of an exponential family of distributions under an asymmetric linear-exponential loss function. With a view to controlling the associated risk, we also aim at ensuring a pre-assigned upper bound on it. In the absence of a known and fixed sample size solution to this problem, we consider an adaptive sampling methodology ? for example, a one at a time purely sequential sampling rule. We suggest various estimators of the scale parameter and compare their performances to address the admissibility and other related issues. Monte-Carlo simulations lend strong support to our theory and methodology. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 73-73 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=011&rid=9809 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109809 Classification-JEL: C18, C13, C00 Keywords: Bounded risk; exponential family; LINEX loss function; purely sequential Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109809 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Vladislav Chrastný Author-Name-First: Vladislav Author-Name-Last: Chrastný Author-Email: chrastny@fzp.czu.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Title: Cr isotopes as a valuable tracer of Cr(VI) reduction in polluted (ground)waters Abstract: Chromium stable isotopes are of interest in many geochemical studies as a tool to identify Cr(VI) reduction in groundwater aquifers. At four industrial sites in the Czech Republic, we evaluated the extent of spontaneous removal of toxic Cr(VI) contaminated by Cr-plating baths. Prior to field studies we tested the short-term stability of Cr(VI) in groundwater samples. We follow conventional methods for Cr(VI) stabilization given by US EPA and APHA-AWWA-WEF protocols. We found significant Fe, Mn-induced Cr(VI) reduction in anthropogenically contaminated groundwater samples regardless of the sample treatment (alkalization, pH>8 and lower temperature, <5°C). Chromium plating baths and wastewaters started to contaminate groundwaters in the late 1940s. Since plating shops at all sites still operate, it was possible to determine the Cr signatures of the plating baths. The ?53Cr values of the plating baths at all sites are around 0?. During natural attenuation, the ?53Cr value of the residual Cr in the groundwater increased. The magnitude of the average positive isotope shift (expressed as ?53Cr value) from the plating bath to groundwater was 1.1, 1.3, 3.3 and 3.3? at Zlate Hory, Loucna nad Desnou, Letnany, and Velesin, respectively. The Rayleigh models indicated that Cr(III) precipitation may have removed up to 60% of the Cr(VI) content after 65 years of contamination history. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 74-74 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=012&rid=9946 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109946 Classification-JEL: K32, C93 Keywords: hexavalent Cr; chromium isotopes; chromium reduction; ground waters; industrial pollution Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109946 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: BENAMIER Djamel Eddine Author-Name-First: BENAMIER Author-Name-Last: Djamel Eddine Author-Email: djamel-b@live.fr Author-Workplace-Name: University of M'Sila (Algeria) Title: The requirements for the success of political reform in the Arab world Abstract: In this paper, I reviewed the requirements for the success of the political reform process in the Arab world after the crises witnessed by many Arab countries under the so-called "Arab Spring", by focusing on the conceptual implications of political reform in these countries and the importance of this at the local, regional and international levels, despite the different characteristics and circumstances of Arab societies in general, the requirements for the success of political reform in them are reflected in two basic means: the first is a legal means, linked to the role of legislator in the enactment of laws and political reform process, the second is a social and cultural means at the same time, related to the role of civil society organizations in changing the concepts, principles and values in the citizen's mind, in the sense of trying to democratize the behavior of citizens. The legislative function of the legislature is easy and does not require much time and great effort, although it is important to change the legal texts. However, social and cultural reform requires much more time, effort and active involvement of the various organizations in society, from the family to the school to the media and political parties. I take this intervention through to address these elements:1 - The concept of political reform in the Arab world2 - The importance of political reform in the Arab world3. Conditions for the success of political reform in the Arab world-Legal reform and the importance of the legislator's role in this.-Cultural reform and the importance of the role of civil society organizations. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 75-75 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=013&rid=9753 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109753 Classification-JEL: Z00 Keywords: political reform, Arab world, civil society, legal reform, cultural reform, democratic process Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109753 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Wanda DUGIEL Author-Name-First: Wanda Author-Name-Last: DUGIEL Author-Email: wdugie@sgh.waw.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Warsaw School of Economics Title: WTO and sustainable development: concept, possibilities of delivering development goals, effects. Abstract: The aim of this article is to examine the following issues: what will be the effects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) implementation of the goals of sustainable development objectives for developed and developing countries, and whether the goals of sustainable development formulated by the UN will enable further liberalization of international trade in the WTO.The implementation of the UN Resolution 2015: "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" by the developed and developing countries is very difficult and runs very slowly. The postulate included in the Agenda 2030 about the necessity of countries' withdrawal from the use of some tools of trade policy, in particular export subsidies still in agricultural trade, was important. The use of export subsidies by developed countries has been a source of conflicts in international trade for many years. Developing countries emphasized losses due to competitive prices of agricultural products offered by developed countries on the international market.The objectives of sustainable development take into account the need to include the WTO in activities that will reduce the level of poverty in the world. These objectives remain in line with the WTO objectives as set out in the preamble to the WTO Agreement. WTO activities for economic development have not produced the expected results. The Doha Development Round was supposed to lead to accelerated economic development of developing countries. The goals of the Doha Round of 2001 have not been achieved. The decision to eliminate export subsidies in agricultural trade adopted by the WTO in 2015 at the Ministerial Conference in Nairobi will not have a clear impact on the benefits for all developing countries or emerging economies with the potential to increase their share in international trade. An increase in prices for agricultural commodities on the international market may limit price competitiveness on agricultural commodities of exporting countries, including Brazil, China and India. Some of the least developed countries belong to net importers in agricultural trade.The implementation of the other WTO sustainable development objectives will depend on the functioning of the special and differential treatment principle. The question of the interests of developing countries in complying with environmental protection standards, which will affect international trade, is controversial. Many developing countries will oppose the adoption of regulations supporting the trade in goods produced in accordance with environmental standards, in particular after the US withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 76-76 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=014&rid=10372 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110372 Classification-JEL: F13 Keywords: international trade, World Trade Organization, developed countries, developing countries Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110372 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stepan Dzhundzhuzov Author-Name-First: Stepan Author-Name-Last: Dzhundzhuzov Author-Email: djund@yandex.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Orenburg State Pedagogical University Author-Name: Larisa Polshkova Author-Name-First: Larisa Author-Name-Last: Polshkova Author-Email: metodist-orends@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Orenburg Theological Seminary Title: The use of the military potential of baptized Kalmyks in the Russian Army as a manifestation of the imperial policy of acculturation (18th ? the beginning of the 20th century) Abstract: The settlement of baptized Kalmyks in the Middle Volga region, received the name Stavropol, was established in 1737. At the initiative of the first Orenburg governor Neplyuyev, it was transformed into an irregular army. The creation of the Kalmyk settlement took place in an environment where the Russian state fought decisively to establish its presence in the interfluve of the Volga and Yaik. Baptized Kalmyks significantly increased both the strength and the combat capability of Russian troops deployed in the Orenburg region. The first documented mention of the involvement of the Stavropol Kalmyks in military service dates back to 1739. As part of the government troops, they participated in punitive operations aimed at suppressing popular unrest in Bashkortostan. The military Cossack service became the main duty of baptized Kalmyks. Until 1815, it was expressed not only in the protection of state borders and the performance of police duties within the country but also in participating in wars with Prussia, Sweden, and Napoleonic France. Long-term interaction in combat conditions with Russian soldiers and Cossacks, a subordination of Kalmyk contingents to army officers exerted a strong accultural influence on the world view of the Kalmyks. However, later, in the conditions of the further modernization of the Russian army, the inefficiency of preserving the Stavropol Kalmyk regiment as a separate military unit became more evident for the authorities. In the 1830s, the commanders of the Orenburg Corps began to draw the government's attention to the unsatisfactory level of military training of Kalmyk servicemen, the lack of military education and combat experience among the command staff, and the lack of the Stavropol Kalmyk regiment. The noted shortcomings eventually gave rise to the disbandment of both the regiment itself and the entire Kalmyk army. After the annexation of the Stavropol Kalmyks to the Orenburg army, until 1917 they performed military service jointly and on common grounds with the Orenburg Cossacks. This was an important step in the development of the imperial policy of acculturation of baptized Kalmyks, aimed at their full "exposure". The research is executed at the expense of a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-18-01008) in the Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 77-77 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=015&rid=8881 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8108881 Classification-JEL: F22, N90, N93 Keywords: acculturation, Cossack army, Kalmyks, politics, Orenburg region Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8108881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Anton Grobler Author-Name-First: Anton Author-Name-Last: Grobler Author-Email: grobla@unisa.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Africa Title: Supervisory trust to be earned ? the role of Ethical leadership mediated by Person-organisational fit Abstract: Background: The trust relationship between employees and their supervisors (called Supervisory trust) has a definite impact on employee behaviour and attitudes. Furthermore, various studies found that Ethical leadership impacts on Supervisory trust, but in different contexts, and often with homogeneous or limited samples. The interactionist construct of Person-organisational fit (P-O fit), consisting of a combination of Supplementary fit (indirect fit or value congruence) and Complementary fit (direct or person-job fit, as well as needs-supply fit) may, however, impact on the relationship between ethical leadership and supervisory trust. The unique permutations of these relationships are important not only for conceptualisation purposes, but also for intervention design to enhance the employees? trust in their supervisors; this would contribute to positive employee behaviour and attitudes.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between Ethical leadership and Supervisory trust, with possible mediation by P-O fit.Setting: The research was conducted with ±60 employees from each of 17 private sector and four public sector organisations in South Africa.Method: This study utilised a positivist methodology based on an empirical approach, while using a cross-sectional design and quantitative analysis. The sample is relatively representative (in terms of race, gender and the South African work force), as it consisted of 60 employees from each of the 21 South African organisations that participated in the study, with 1 260 respondents in total.Results: Significant, positive relationships were found between Ethical leadership, P-O fit and Supervisory trust. Additionally, it was found that P-O fit partially mediates the relationship between Ethical leadership and Supervisory trust, confirming the proposed model.Conclusion: A strong, positive relationship exists between Ethical leadership (consisting of Morality and fairness, Role clarification leadership and Power sharing leadership) and Supervisory trust, which is partially mediated by P-O fit (consisting of Supplementary fit and Complementary fit). Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 78-78 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=016&rid=9609 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109609 Classification-JEL: D23 Keywords: Ethical leadership; Person-organisational (P-O) fit, Supervisory trust Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sonja Grobler Author-Name-First: Sonja Author-Name-Last: Grobler Author-Email: grobls@unisa.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Africa Author-Name: Anton Grobler Author-Name-First: Anton Author-Name-Last: Grobler Author-Email: grobla@unisa.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: UNISA Title: The role of Leader, Member Exchange (LMX) on Psychological Capital, mediated by Person-Organisational Fit Abstract: Background: Leadership and specifically Leader, member exchange has a definite impact on employee behaviour and attitudes, and specifically their state of Psychological capital. The interactionist construct of person-organisational fit (P-O fit), consisting of a combination of supplementary fit (indirect fit or value congruence) and complementary fit (direct or person-job fit, as well as needs-supply fit) may, however, impact on the relationship between LMX and psychological capital. The unique permutations of these relationships are important not only for conceptualisation purposes, but also for intervention design to enhance the employees? psychological capital; this would contribute to positive employee behaviour and attitudes.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between LMX and psychological capital, with possible mediation by P-O fit.Setting: The research was conducted with ±60 employees from each of 43 private sectors and four public sector organisations in South Africa.Method: This study utilised a positivist methodology based on an empirical approach, while using a cross-sectional design and quantitative analysis. The sample is relatively representative (in terms of race, gender and the South African work force), as it consisted of 60 employees from each of the 43 South African organisations that participated in the study, with 2 486 respondents in total.Results: Significant, positive relationships were found between LMX, P-O fit and psychological capital. Additionally, it was found that P-O fit partially mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and supervisory trust, confirming the proposed model.Conclusion: A strong, positive relationship exists between LMX (consisting of Affect, Loyalty, Contribution and Professional Respect) and psychological capital (consisting of Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience and Optimism) which is partially mediated by P-O fit (consisting of supplementary fit and complementary fit). Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 79-79 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=017&rid=9163 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109163 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Leader, member exchange; person-organisational (P-O) fit, psychological capital, positive psychology, interactionist approach Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sigurdur Gudjonsson Author-Name-First: Sigurdur Author-Name-Last: Gudjonsson Author-Email: sigurdurg@unak.is Author-Workplace-Name: University of Akureyri Title: The Microfinance Industry Abstract: In this presentation the current stage of the microfinance industry will be described. The microfinance industry has increased drastically over the last few decades. It began as a handful of institutions in the late 1970´s but is now a growing market with thousands of institutions. Most of the microfinance institutions are in the developing countries, particularly in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Recently, however, microfinance institutions are being established in the developed world. In addition in the presentation, a history of past failure of subsidized loans is explained. Different but important contributions from Stiglitz and Yunnus are accounted for. Finally, the microfinance industry´s current state and potential future growth will be described. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 80-80 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=018&rid=10448 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110448 Classification-JEL: M10, M14 Keywords: Microfinance, poverty, loans Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sigurdur Gudjonsson Author-Name-First: Sigurdur Author-Name-Last: Gudjonsson Author-Email: sigurdurg@unak.is Author-Workplace-Name: University of Akureyri Author-Name: Kari Kristinsson Author-Name-First: Kari Author-Name-Last: Kristinsson Author-Email: karik@hi.is Author-Workplace-Name: University of Iceland Title: Women - The Microfinance Industry in the past, present and towards the future Abstract: In this presentation the stage of the microfinance industry in Iceland will be accounted for. Short introduction of the industry in Iceland will be made. Many microfinance institutions have been set up in the developing world causing great success in decreasing poverty in the area. The popularity in these institutions have ben noticed in the developed world and now, many microfinance institutions have been established in the developed west, including in Iceland. While the situation is not the same in Iceland as in the developed world, I will try to answer the following question ,,have the microfinance institutions in Iceland brought prosperity to their borrowers or are they worse off after taking microfinance loans??. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 81-81 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=019&rid=10449 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110449 Classification-JEL: M10, M14 Keywords: microfinance, poverty, Iceland Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Hoque Author-Name-First: Muhammad Author-Name-Last: Hoque Author-Email: hoque@ukzn.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of KwaZulu-Natal Author-Name: Sthembile Millicent Ntsele Author-Name-First: Sthembile Millicent Author-Name-Last: Ntsele Author-Email: millicentntsele@webmail.co.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of KwaZulu-Natal Title: DERTIMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE RETAIL BANK Abstract: Risk Management is one of the most challenges facing the banking industry, after 2008 financial crisis the banking industry has become one of the heavily regulated industries. This study is intending to determine the association between transformational leadership and risk management. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 42 employees who were working at the retail bank. Census sampling method was used to select the samples. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. The present study found that most of participants perceive themselves as transformational leaders, however strongly believe in transactional leadership style. Results revealed that there was a significant relationship between transformational leadership and risk management. It is recommended that managers adopt the transformational leadership style to improve followers? performance. The study can assist bank managerial employees to apply the relevant style when dealing with their followers to mitigate risk in the bank. Efficient risk management depends on the effectiveness of the leader. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 82-82 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=020&rid=10308 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110308 Classification-JEL: M19, G21, M10 Keywords: Transformational leadership, risk management, retail bank, South Africa Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Shahariar Huda Author-Name-First: Shahariar Author-Name-Last: Huda Author-Email: shahariarhuda@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kuwait University Title: On sampling from a rectangular grid Abstract: The problem of estimating the population total of a variable of interest by sampling from a finite population with units arranged in a rectangular array is considered. As an alternative to simple random sampling, a two-step sampling procedure is proposed. The procedure first chooses some rows (columns) by simple random sampling without replacement, then some columns (rows) by simple random sampling without replacement and uses the sample consisting of the units corresponding to the intersection of rows and columns selected. An unbiased estimator of the population total, using this step-wise sampling procedure, is proposed. The variance of the estimator is derived and further, an unbiased estimator for that variance is obtained. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 83-83 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=021&rid=9622 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109622 Classification-JEL: C83, C10, C00 Keywords: Population total, Simple random sampling without replacement, Step-wise sampling, Unbiased estimator Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tazvin Ijaz Author-Name-First: Tazvin Author-Name-Last: Ijaz Author-Email: tazvinijaz@gcu.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: Clinical Psychology Unit, GCU, Lahore Author-Name: sarah ahmed Author-Name-First: sarah Author-Name-Last: ahmed Author-Email: sarah-ahmed44@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: gcu, lahore Title: Suicidal Ideation and Burnout among University students Abstract: Suicide is major cause of premature death all over the world. The current study was aimed to find out the prevalence rate of suicidal ideation and its relationship with burnout among Pakistani college students. Data was collected through Rudd?s Suicidal ideation Scale (Rudd, 1989) and Indigenous Burnout scale (Ijaz & Khan, 2012). A total of 1500 students from three cities including Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad were included. Data was sampled through a subtype of cluster sampling technique ?Area Probability Sampling Technique?. The study indicated high level of suicidal ideation and burnout among students. The results also revealed that females experience more suicidal ideation and burnout as compared to males. The results also illustrated that students of Islamabad experience more burnout and suicidal ideation i.e 53.60 % , 4.05% respectively as compare to students of Lahore i.e 48.98%, 3.29% and Rawalpindi i.e 47.74% , 3,43 % respectively Regression analyses shows that burnout significantly predicted suicide. Identifying prevalence rate of suicidal ideation and burnout will enable institutions to provide more focused support and interventions for at risk students. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 84-84 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=022&rid=8969 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8108969 Classification-JEL: I00, I14, I20 Keywords: Suicide, Suicidal Ideation, Burnout, University students Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8108969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tomoki Kobayashi Author-Name-First: Tomoki Author-Name-Last: Kobayashi Author-Email: c5618174@aoyama.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Takashi Kaburagi Author-Name-First: Takashi Author-Name-Last: Kaburagi Author-Email: kaburagi@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Satoshi Kumagai Author-Name-First: Satoshi Author-Name-Last: Kumagai Author-Email: kumagai@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Toshiyuki Matsumoto Author-Name-First: Toshiyuki Author-Name-Last: Matsumoto Author-Email: matsumoto@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Yosuke Kurihara Author-Name-First: Yosuke Author-Name-Last: Kurihara Author-Email: kurihara@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Title: Anxiety Level Estimation from Weighted Frontal Lobe Area Laterality Index at Rest using NIRS Abstract: Recently, the number of persons who suffer from mental illnesses that can be caused by excessive stress, such as depression and schizophrenia, has been increasing year by year. To detect and treat these illnesses earlier, it is important to assess the anxiety state of the patients as accurately as possible. In general, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score is utilized to determine the anxiety state. However, since the STAI is a subjective questionnaire, some patients would intentionally not provide honest answers to the questions. Hence, it is difficult to grasp the patients? anxiety state accurately. To address this, some studies have proposed an estimation method for the STAI score by utilizing the cerebral blood volume, which cannot be intentionally controlled by the patient. In previous studies, the STAI score was estimated from the cerebral blood volume measured in a small area of the prefrontal lobe. To improve the estimation accuracy, we have proposed an estimation method based on the cerebral blood volume measured in a larger area of the prefrontal lobe. In this study, we not only utilize the cerebral blood volume measured in a larger area, but also aim to improve the estimation accuracy of the STAI score by applying a weight to each area of the prefrontal lobe. We introduce the weighted-multi-channel Laterality Index at Rest (wmc-LIR), which is calculated based on the oxyhemoglobin concentrations measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with n channels. These are located at measurement points in the prefrontal lobe defined by the international 10-20 system. The weight for each area represents the activity level of the brain in that area. To confirm the applicability of the proposed method, we validated wmc-LIR using NIRS recordings of 24 subjects. The average absolute error of the proposed method was 4.01. In contrast, the average absolute error of the method proposed in the previous study without assigning weights to brain areas in the same setting was 5.08. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 85-86 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=023&rid=10332 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110332 Classification-JEL: I10 Keywords: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), cerebral blood volume, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), anxiety state, Liberality Index at Rest (LIR) Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mouna Kohil Author-Name-First: Mouna Author-Name-Last: Kohil Author-Email: m.kohil@epst-annaba.dz Author-Workplace-Name: Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles-Annaba Title: ?Man is not Truly One, but Truly Two?: Duality in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Abstract: The present works aims at exploring the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson in the light of the theme of duality. It provides an understanding on the issue of restraining and repressing one?s lower side due the constraints of decency, which may lead to creation of another character which acts as an escape tool from these restraints. The work analyzes the various aspects of duality by exposing Dr Jekyll?s contradictions and his wild tendencies. It explains how the respectable doctor resorted to a magical potion in order to create an outlet for his wild self. Mr Hyde, who represents Dr Jekyll?s double, is portrayed as a monstrous villain which terrorizes the Victorian society. In his novella, Stevenson warns from the unethical use of knowledge and the horrors of holding back human natural instincts. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 87-94 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=024&rid=9210 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109210 Classification-JEL: Keywords: duality, the double, Dr Jekyll, Mr Hyde, repression Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: brunela kullolli Author-Name-First: brunela Author-Name-Last: kullolli Author-Email: brunela.kullolli@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ?Aleksander Moisiu? University of Durres Author-Name: Ilrijan Hysa Author-Name-First: Ilrijan Author-Name-Last: Hysa Author-Email: ilirjanhysa@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: I.S.K Law Firm Title: THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIALIN CRIMINAL LAW. LEGAL TIME LIMITS Abstract: The object of this paper is the challenge related with the justice system, and in particular with one of its fundamental principles that is the right to a fair trial especially in criminal law. The right to a fair trial in criminal law is analyzed in all of its elements but a particular focus is reserved to the legal time limits.The first part gives , Legal time limits in a legal system based on the democratic principles constitute a fundamental right in the procedural as well in the human aspect. The second part is concentrated, Legal time limits are a constitutional guarantee as the country's highest law, but also legal guarantees stemming from the conventions that the Albanian state has ratified. They include a period of time within which the criminal procedure action is to be carried out and are measured according to clearly defined criteria in the Criminal Procedure Code.The third part , case law on the violation of the right to a fair trial (legal time limits) Conclusions The overview provided in this article will focus on law enforcement in practical court cases, in the implementation by the prosecution of the procedures during both detention of arrest, investigation and detention. Practical observation confirms that sending arrestees to a judge within 48 hours from the moment of arrest occurs only as an exception and it is not uncommon for them to appear before the judge 4 or 5 days after the arrest.According to some indicators, longer delays may come as a result of the incorrect practice of starting counting hours not at the moment of arrest. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 95-95 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=025&rid=10363 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110363 Classification-JEL: K14 Keywords: criminal law , legal guarantees, legal time limits , Fundamental Rights, case law, fair trial. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sergey Lyubichankovskiy Author-Name-First: Sergey Author-Name-Last: Lyubichankovskiy Author-Email: svlubich@yandex.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Orenburg State Pedagogical University Author-Name: Elena Godovova Author-Name-First: Elena Author-Name-Last: Godovova Author-Email: godovova@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Orenburg State Pedagogical University Title: Russian Empire?s Policy of Acculturation for Christian Sectarians (XIX ? the Beginning of the 20th Centuries) Abstract: This research is about features of a policy of acculturation for Christian sectarians in the territory of Orenburg region of XIX ? the beginnings of the 20th centuries. The subject of the relationship of the Orthodox Russian Empire with Christian sectarians repeatedly rose in modern scientific literature. However the situation in the huge suburban Eurasian region on the border of Europe and Asia ? the Orenburg region ? wasn't analyzed systemically. The purpose of our research ? to study a question on the basis of primary sources from the local archive. The government sought to provide stability in the Orenburg province and incorporation of the region in the structure of the Empire by means of acculturation policy. This policy concerned not only the Muslims living here but also Christian sectarians. Christian sectarianism in a mass look has appeared in the Orenburg region from the second half of the 19th century. The activity of Russian Orthodox Church in the Orenburg diocese has been directed to the identification of sectarians and "their return to a bosom of a church" through explanations and education. If efforts of the church didn't result in desirable results, then more drastic measures with an involvement of the Orenburg provincial administration and police were taken. As a result in the region, steady process of formal transition to Orthodoxy at a secret observance of former ceremonies was supported. The factor complicating work of the Orthodox Church with sectarians in the territory of the Orenburg province was her status of the territory in large quantities accepting immigrants among whom sectarians have been presented in a large number. The research is executed at the expense of a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-18-01008) in the Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 96-102 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=026&rid=8632 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8108632 Classification-JEL: N90, Z12 Keywords: History of acculturation, Identity, Christian sectarianism, Russian Empire Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8108632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SAMI MAHAJNA Author-Name-First: SAMI Author-Name-Last: MAHAJNA Author-Email: saami.mahajna@beitberl.ac.il Author-Workplace-Name: BEIT BERL COLLEGE Title: Different routes same destination: A cluster analysis of teacher students types among Palestinian students live in Israel Abstract: While the attractiveness of teaching as a career is declining as it's indicated by the teacher shortage crisis (European union, 2013; OECD, 2017 ), it is still considered one of the most preferred domain of study among Palestinian Arab students live in Israel. previous studies have shown, students from the Palestinian community in the Israeli context (Mahajna, 2014), as in the other contexts (Bergmark, Lundström, Manderstedt, & Palo, 2018; Han, Borgonovi, & Guerriero, 2018), rate intrinsic and altruistic motives higher than extrinsic motives.This similarity in motives is likely to make the above mentioned causes for why individuals choose teaching as a profession insufficient explanation. This explanation have not taught us who will continue in the teaching profession and who will leave it (Heinz, 2015).Though the real question that should be asked is: who among those who come to the teaching profession expected to remain in the teaching profession. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to examine typology of students who choose the teaching profession based on four indicators: (a) the type of motivation for choosing teaching profession, (b) perceived suitability to the teaching profession, (c) career choice satisfaction, and (d) teacher student commitment to the teaching profession. Data were collected from 113 Arab students in their first year of studies who attended a teacher training college. The participants comprised 87.6% of the total number of students were accepted to teacher training studies in the same year. four sets of questionnaires were administered: (a) the type of motivation for choosing teaching profession, (b) perceived suitability to the teaching profession, (c) career choice satisfaction, and (d) teacher student commitment to the teaching profession. cluster analysis was performed to distinguish between different types of students teachers. Results indicated that there are four different types of student-teachers who show different characteristics: the "prophets", the "convinced", the "realist" and the "sufferers". The "prophets" student-teachers showed a low level of future external goals and a high level of future internal goals in teaching profession. The "convinced" teacher students reported a low level of career choice satisfaction, and a low level of future internal goals. The largest group was the "Realists" teacher students. students from this group reported the highest level in all the variables were examined. The last group, the "Sufferers" student-teachers reported the lowest level in the variables: perception suitability to teaching profession and career choice satisfaction. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 103-103 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=027&rid=10389 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110389 Classification-JEL: Keywords: cluster analysis, career choice, motives for choosing teaching, teacher Palestinian in Israel Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Romela Manukyan Author-Name-First: Romela Author-Name-Last: Manukyan Author-Email: ms.romela@mail.ru Author-Workplace-Name: Yerevan State UNiversity Title: PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITY OF FOREIGN MILITARY BASE AND PERSONNEL UNDER MODERN INTERNATIONAL LAW Abstract: In case of deployment of a foreign military base in the territory of any State, a number of problematic issues arise concerning the legal status of the military base and its personnel; in particular, what privileges and immunity they have with respect to the legal system of the host country. In this article, an attempt has been made to present the main approaches to the problem in international legal practice and determine the legal nature of the immunity granted to military bases and their personnel in the framework of modern international law. Given that the study of these matters first of all need to understand what the foreign military base represents, within the framework of the article also an attempt has been made to define the concept of foreign military base. Length: 17 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 104-120 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=028&rid=10215 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110215 Classification-JEL: K33 Keywords: foreign military base, state immunity, functional immunity, jurisdiction, sending State, host State Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Matul?íková Author-Name-First: Marta Author-Name-Last: Matul?íková Author-Email: marta.matulcikova@euba.sk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics in Bratislava Author-Name: Daniela Breveníková Author-Name-First: Daniela Author-Name-Last: Breveníková Author-Email: daniela.brevenikova@zoznam.sk Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics in Bratislava Title: Quality of Education and Systems?Based Educational Evaluation Abstract: In the paper we present partial results from the research project no. 014EU-4/2016 ?Preparation of content and structure of subjects focused on the development of basic entrepreneurial knowledge and skills of graduates from selected medical study fields?. We deal with issues of improvement of education evaluation processes. The core of the paper contains the evaluation models based on the systemic approach, characteristic features and instructions for their application and interview methods in three types of businesses differentiated by size. The research was conducted with 267 respondents from three groups of businesses differentiated by size (number of employees) by means of the questionnaire and interview methods. The purpose of empirical research was to establish the applicability of models of education evaluation. Based on the research results, it is concluded that (based on the respondents? opinion) the evaluation of the benefits of systemic based education in businesses is a great challenge for the future, and it is likely to bring benefits to the efficiency and quality of education in businesses. On the other hand, problems occur mainly in quantifying the benefits of education and are related to the lack of knowledge of indicators that would enable businesses to conduct all the steps of the evaluation process. The issues analyzed in the paper require a deeper elaboration from theoretical aspect, which would facilitate its application in practice. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 121-130 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=029&rid=10345 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110345 Classification-JEL: I00, I21 Keywords: Education evaluation, Education programme, Evaluation model, Quality, Systemic approach to education evaluation, CIP model, IP0 model, TVS model. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kolentino Mpeta Author-Name-First: Kolentino Author-Name-Last: Mpeta Author-Email: kolentino.mpeta@nwu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: North West University Author-Name: Ntebo Moroke Author-Name-First: Ntebo Author-Name-Last: Moroke Author-Email: ntebo.moroke@nwu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: North West University Author-Name: Lesego Gabaitiri Author-Name-First: Lesego Author-Name-Last: Gabaitiri Author-Email: lgabaitiri@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Botswana Title: A test of the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in the Botswana context using multiple regression Abstract: Culturally sensitive and effective interventions to reduce the high risky sexual behaviours remain one promising approach to easing the effects of HIV and AIDS on African adolescents.In order to test the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in preventing HIV and AIDS among adolescents within the Botswana context, multiple regression modelling was applied to baseline data from a randomised control trial involving about 800 Batswana in-school adolescents. The predictors of interest were all derived from the TPB. The results indicated that there was significant correlation (p < 0.01) between all the variables. Furthermore, the results revealed that the TPB predictors, apart from affective attitude, were predictive of condom use intention among Batswana adolescents. The regression model was significant(F(4,789) = 159.763,p < 0.001) and the factors explained 44.5% of the variation in the model. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 131-131 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=030&rid=10334 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7310334 Classification-JEL: C10 Keywords: HIV and AIDS, Theory of planned behaviour, multiple regression Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7310334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ISMAIL NOORI MSEER Author-Name-First: ISMAIL NOORI Author-Name-Last: MSEER Author-Email: imseer@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ahlia University- Bahrain Title: Empowerment: Era of expanding sustainability Abstract: The current world is experiencing rapid changes and transformations steps are hastily and powerfully continuous, and developments that have occurred in an unprecedented manner. Although the twentieth century had been described as being a condensation of five years from human civilization through scientific inventions and discoveries, the twenty-one century is full of technologies, commutations, and knowledge where the culture of image and supposed reality. Accordingly, the world goes as a village but more than to the extent that it can be gathered in the electronic device and less than one's hand palm in size.This is the era of abbreviating what has been already abbreviated, Nanotechnology, Cybernetics and control, open space where the speed, accuracy, and effectiveness for decision-making in terms of power and experience. This era depends on information, deep combination of specializations, and the serious search for strengthening the cultural democracy, and confirming the transparency through constructive dialogue and active participation, and spreading the tolerance and co-existence. Consequently, it is important to review the most prevalent relations and patterns. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 132-139 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=031&rid=9061 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109061 Classification-JEL: D71, A30 Keywords: Empowerment , sustainable developments , Nanotechnology, participation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109061 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rahul Mukherjee Author-Name-First: Rahul Author-Name-Last: Mukherjee Author-Email: rmuk0902@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Title: Causal Inference from Strip-Plot Designs: Methodology and Applications in a Potential Outcomes Framework Abstract: Randomization based causal inference in a potential outcomes framework has been of significant interest in recent years. The principal advantage of such inference is that it does not involve rigid model assumptions. We develop the methodology of causal inference from strip-plot designs that are very useful when the responses are influenced by treatments having a factorial structure and the factor levels are hard-to-change, so that they have to be applied to larger clusters of experimental units. Our results can have application to diverse fields such as sociology, agriculture, and urban management, to name only a few. For example, in an agricultural field experiment with two factors, irrigation and harvesting, both requiring larger plots, the experimental units can be laid out in several blocks, each block being a rectangular array of rows and columns. One can then employ a strip-plot design that randomizes the methods of irrigation among the rows and the methods of harvesting among the columns, in each block. Similarly, a strip-plot design is a natural choice in urban traffic management where each block is rectangular grid of streets, and within any such grid, signaling conditions are randomized among the north-south streets while traffic rules are randomized among east-west streets. With a strip-plot design under a potential outcomes framework, we propose an unbiased estimator for any treatment contrast and work out an expression for its sampling variance. We next obtain a conservative estimator of the sampling variance. This conservative estimator has a nonnegative bias, and becomes unbiased under a condition that is much milder than the age-old Neymannian strict additivity. A minimaxity property of this variance estimator is also established. Simulation results on the coverage of resulting confidence intervals lend support to theoretical considerations. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 140-140 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=032&rid=9733 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109733 Classification-JEL: C10, C14 Keywords: Between-block additivity; conservative variance estimator; minimaxity; treatment contrast; unbiased estimator. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109733 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Saxhide Mustafa Author-Name-First: Saxhide Author-Name-Last: Mustafa Author-Email: saxhide.mustafa@riinvestinstitute.org Author-Workplace-Name: Riinvest Institute Title: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT (A SHORT COMPARATIVE ANALYSES FOR SOME WB COUNTRIES) Abstract: Through providing tools and mechanisms for balanced representation of stakeholders' interests (first of all, to owners, management and employees) corporate governance according to OECD principles should ensure the increase of the value of the assets of companies, their competitiveness capacities and attractiveness to investors. As in general in transition economies building these mechanisms and implementing these principles at the companies proved to be problematic more in their implementation than in developing legal framework. Institutional environment, maturity of democratic institution, and especially business environment seems to be very relevant the quality of corporate governance in transition economies. This paper after presenting some of theoretical discussions on specific corporate governance issues in transition economies presents also short comparative overview regarding achievements in key areas of corporate governance in Kosovo, Albania, Croatia and Bulgaria. This comparative analyses demonstrate that corporate governance and its implementation very much depend on the level of institutional maturity, especially perceptions on the level of corruption and also to business environment which provides conditions for free and fair competition. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 141-151 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=033&rid=10409 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110409 Classification-JEL: G30, G38 Keywords: Corporate governance, institutions, business environment, boards, transition. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Reinhard Neck Author-Name-First: Reinhard Author-Name-Last: Neck Author-Email: reinhard.neck@aau.at Author-Workplace-Name: Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt Author-Name: Klaus Weyerstrass Author-Name-First: Klaus Author-Name-Last: Weyerstrass Author-Email: weyerstr@ihs.ac.at Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Advanced Studies Title: Macroeconomic Effects of the Adoption of the Euro in Serbia Abstract: In 2009, Serbia applied officially for EU membership; in 2014, membership negotiations started. After joining the EU, Serbia will have to adopt the euro as legal tender as soon as it fulfils the relevant Maastricht criteria. By means of simulations with a macroeconometric model of the Serbian economy, we examine likely macroeconomic effects from Serbia?s membership of the EU and the Euro Area. We show that EU accession and the introduction of the euro bring about higher real GDP, more employment, and more sustainable public finances. The benefits of joining the Euro Area are mainly due to increases in productivity. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 152-152 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=034&rid=10367 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110367 Classification-JEL: E17, O52, E52 Keywords: Serbia; EU; Euro Area; open economy macroeconomics; econometric model Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Keita Nishio Author-Name-First: Keita Author-Name-Last: Nishio Author-Email: nishio.engineering.agu@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Takashi Kaburagi Author-Name-First: Takashi Author-Name-Last: Kaburagi Author-Email: kaburagi@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Satoshi Kumagai Author-Name-First: Satoshi Author-Name-Last: Kumagai Author-Email: kumagai@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Toshiyuki Matsumoto Author-Name-First: Toshiyuki Author-Name-Last: Matsumoto Author-Email: matsumoto@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Yosuke Kurihara Author-Name-First: Yosuke Author-Name-Last: Kurihara Author-Email: kurihara@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Title: Unrestrictive Decubitus Estimation System with High-Sensitivity Pressure Sensor Abstract: Estimation decubitus during sleep is essential to prevent the bedsore. However, utilizing wrist-worn device to monitor the decubitus during sleep required to attach the device for whole night. Hence, this research proposes an unrestrictive decubitus estimation system with high-sensitivity pressure sensors. In the proposed system, a high-sensitivity pressure sensor is placed under a bed mattress. The signal from the pressure sensor is processed by a three band pass filters (BFPs) with cut off frequencies 0.16 ? 0.8 Hz, 0.8 ? 16 Hz and 0.16 ? 16 Hz to measure respiration, pulse, and body movement respectively. In the case of prone position, since the heart is close to the sensor, peak frequency of pulse signal is low and the intensity is large. In the case of lateral position, the pressure sensor could not detect respiration because the movement of the diaphragm does not transfer to the mattress directly. Hence, the amplitude of respiration signal becomes small. In a supine position, both respiration and pulse signal are measured normally. Furthermore, since the movement signal is affected by the turning over, we do not apply the signal containing the turning over to the estimation of the decubitus. Based on above relationship between characteristics of these bio-signals and decubitus, we estimate each decubitus. In order to evaluate the validity of the proposed system, we carried out an experiment with five subjects. As the result, accuracy of the proposed method was at least 80%. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 153-153 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=035&rid=10291 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110291 Classification-JEL: I10 Keywords: bedsore, high-sensitivity pressure sensor, decubitus estimation, unrestrictive bio-signal sensing Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mihai Ni?oi Author-Name-First: Mihai Author-Name-Last: Ni?oi Author-Email: mihai.nitoi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy Author-Name: Cristian Valeriu Stanciu Author-Name-First: Cristian Valeriu Author-Name-Last: Stanciu Author-Email: valeriu.stanciu@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, University of Craiova Author-Name: Cristi Spulb?r Author-Name-First: Cristi Author-Name-Last: Spulb?r Author-Email: cristi_spulbar@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, University of Craiova Title: Co-movement between stock markets and exchange rates in Central and Eastern Europe Abstract: Generally, the exchange rate and the stock market have been some of the most studied areas in finance. Furthermore, the nexus between the two assets has been reviewed in a significant number of studies, but with conflicting results. The flow oriented model posits a positive link between exchange rate and stock market (Dornbusch and Fischer, 1980), the portfolio based model assume a negative relationship between exchange rate and stock market, and the monetary model indicates a weaker or no link between the two assets (Branson and Henderson, 1985; Frankel, 1983).This article studies the nexus between exchange rates and stock markets in four countries in Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania) over the period from 1999 to 2016. In our opinion, our contribution to the literature is manifold. Firstly, even if the papers that analyse the correlation between exchange rates and stock markets are numerous (Lee et al., 2011; Lestano and Kuper, 2015; Caporale et al., 2014; Moore and Wang, 2014; Lin, 2012; Lee et al. 2014), surprisingly, to our knowledge, for Central and Eastern European countries there is a scarce literature in this area. Secondly, we document the time varying correlation in both normal period and crisis period, allowing us to investigate the differences. Thirdly, compared with other studies, we employ a DCC-MIDAS model that enables the extraction of short- and long-term correlation series. Generally, other DCC models estimate only a short-run component for the correlation. Therefore, solely by averaging the high-frequency component, we may obtain a low-frequency component. The DCC-MIDAS model obviates this disadvantage. Our findings are summarized as follows. Firstly, we find significant differences between the four countries. Secondly, we notice an increased variance in terms of time varying correlation between stock market and exchange rate. Therefore, we cannot identify a clear pattern for the correlation. Thirdly, during the most severe crisis episodes, we see an increased correlation, indicating some signs of contagion and lower portfolio diversification. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 154-154 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=036&rid=10322 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110322 Classification-JEL: F31, G01, G15 Keywords: DCC-MIDAS, emerging stock markets, exchange rate, contagion, financial crisis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oualid Othmani Author-Name-First: Oualid Author-Name-Last: Othmani Author-Email: o.othmani@esti-annaba.dz Author-Workplace-Name: Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles-Annaba Title: E-Learning: Between Existence and Challenges Abstract: The internet offers a rich platform of knowledge for researchers, students, and teachers. One of the educational concepts that facilitate learning and virtual interaction is the electronic learning. Following this, the study provides a detailed analysis of the concept of electronic learning that has been in existence since 1999 when it was first used at the CBT seminar. It revisits different adaptations and definitions of the term. It reviews a variety of meaning attributed to the electronic learning by different researchers.The study also sheds light on some advantages of e-learning that range from: cost effectiveness, flexibility in terms of time, place, and learning materials. In addition, it proves that e-learning embraces different learning approaches and methods that enable learners to practice through different activities. E-learning enhances responsible learning through its courses. Furthermore, the research paper examines some back draws of e-learning namely, health concerns, isolation, absence of familiarity in comparison with c-learning, complexity that leads to frustration etc,.Besides, the study analyzes the challenges facing e-learning namely: lack of awareness about the effectiveness of electronic learning, the learner?s skills and motivation, time, course design and others. The study proposes solutions to face these challenges. The research paper provides an overview of the future of e-learning. It suggests that e-learning will continue to thrive due to the development of telecommuting technologies. It also demonstrates how the widespread of computer ownership and the availability of a high-quality internet connection helped pave the way for the integration of social media into education. The study helps in the establishment of a structured analysis of the term e-learning with its benefits and draw backs. It also assesses the challenges that face the successful running of the concept and it also addresses its future. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 155-155 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=037&rid=9211 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109211 Classification-JEL: Keywords: E-learning; advantages; disadvantages; challenges Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dorota Pasi?ska Author-Name-First: Dorota Author-Name-Last: Pasi?ska Author-Email: dorota.pasinska@ierigz.waw.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki ?ywno?ciowej -Pa?stwowy Instytut Badawczy (Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute) Title: Goose market from global and domestic perspective in the years 2012-2017 Abstract: The main objective of the article is to present changes in the Polish goose meat market in the years 2012-2017 in the context of changes in the global goose meat market. Poland is one of the largest producers and exporters of goose meat in the world. In the analysed period, the production and sale of goose meat in Poland was of seasonal change, which, most probably in the case of availability of goose meat in retail trade will change, since buyers? preferences are changing and the demand for niche types of poultry meat is growing. At the turn of 2016/2017, Poland was affected by avian influenza which had a negative impact on the production of and trade in goose meat. In 2013, Poland was the fifth largest global producer of goose meat. The structure of the global export of goose meat and offal (total) is very concentrated. In the analysed period, its largest global exporter was Hungary with the share ranging from 34% to 47% while Poland was ranked second with the share ranging from 31% to 37%. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 156-165 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=038&rid=10378 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110378 Classification-JEL: Q11, Q17, Q13 Keywords: goose market, international trade, goose production, Poland, world Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Raweewan Proyrungroj Author-Name-First: Raweewan Author-Name-Last: Proyrungroj Author-Email: raweewan.pr@ssru.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Title: Travel Constraints of Taking a Volunteer Vacation Abroad Abstract: This study examines travel constraints and risks faced by Thai people in taking a volunteer vacation oversea. The primary objective of this study was to gain rich, in-depth, and holistic understanding of how Thai people perceive and interpret travel constraints and risks in taking a volunteer trip oversea. An interpretive paradigm utilising qualitative research approach was employed in this study. The data were gathered from 28 respondents who had experience in volunteering in Thailand, but had no experience in taking a volunteer vacation oversea. The number of the informants was determined by data saturation point, which is when new theme stopped emerging from the data during the data collection and analysis process. These informants were selected via purposive sampling and snowball sampling. A combination of semi-structured interviews and participant observation was used to collect the data. The data were then analysed by thematic analysis technique. The research findings showed that all informants in this study had perceived of travel constraints and risks which influenced their decision to take a volunteer trip oversea. In terms of travel constraints, three categories of travel barriers were identified: intrapersonal barriers; interpersonal barriers; and structural barriers. As for the travel risks, seven categories of risks were found including: risks concerning transportation; risks concerning laws and orders; health risks; risks concerning accommodations; risks concerning climate; risks concerning tourist attractions; and risks concerning medical support system. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 166-178 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=039&rid=10289 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110289 Classification-JEL: A14, L83, A14 Keywords: travel barriers; travel risks; volunteer tourism; Thai tourists Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra Rigot Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Rigot Author-Email: sandra.rigot@univ-paris13.fr Author-Workplace-Name: USPC Title: The Environmental Reporting Practices of French Public Companies: The Accounting Issues Faced with Climate Risks Abstract: The climate change and energy transition issues are a crucial stake for our societies. Indeed, while a large body of scientific work has shown the link between climate change acceleration and greenhouse gas emissions from productive processes, other studies have highlighted that profound changes in the climate would lead to increased risks for economic and financial activity and could have human impacts. The pursuit of high growth based on fossil fuels would lead economies to a disaster scenario. In the worst-case scenario, the IPCC estimates that the planet could heat up by 4.8 ° C compared to the average temperature of the period 1986-2005 and the water rise by nearly a meter (threatening very populous coastal territories) not to mention the upsurge of extreme weather events. These gloomy forecasts highlight the urgency of action to try to contain global warming.This transition to a low-carbon path requires taking on new challenges, including a substantial and sustainable GHG reduction through improved energy efficiency and decarbonation of production systems. This involves many risks related to producers? resilience, technological capabilities, the nature of policy instruments and their calibration to guide the transition. In the end, climate change involves two types of risks that can coexist: on the one hand, physical risks that result from damage directly caused by meteorological phenomena; on the other hand, transition risks resulting from adjustments made for a transition to a low-carbon economy. For companies in particular, they involve new risks but also opportunities that are not well taken into account in their reporting.This article aims to draw up an inventory of the environmental reporting of CAC 40 companies over the period 2015-2017. The choice to study the French case is explained by its leadership in terms of transition. The idea is i) to understand the climate reporting practices of these companies, depending on the sectors and focusing on four areas that reflect how they can exploit, govern, develop their strategies and manage their risks ( in line with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) analysis grid, an international initiative launched by Financial Stability Board in late 2015, (ii) to question the appropriateness of an intervention by the accounting standard-setter on the subject. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 179-179 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=040&rid=10046 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110046 Classification-JEL: Keywords: accounting, environmental reporting, climate risks Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110046 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tali Ronen Author-Name-First: Tali Author-Name-Last: Ronen Author-Email: taligili@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: KIBBUTZIM COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY AND THE ARTS Author-Name: Lilach Shalit Author-Name-First: Lilach Author-Name-Last: Shalit Author-Email: lilach.g.s@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: KIBBUTZIM COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY AND THE ARTS Title: To move on in education Abstract: The workshop engages in the use of movement and Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation for exercising and improving coordinative abilities and spatial orientation as well as improving attention skills. The workshop integrates the study of EWMN basic principles, and practical physical exercises. Furthermore, it provides practical and applied tools for the improvement of motor abilities and learning skills.Learning subjects:The learning subjects are taken from the basic principles of EWMN. These principles are based on the human body structure, motor capabilities of the moving body and the manuscript page for writing the movements. ?Coordination exercises: different structures ? from the simple to the complex.?Initial movement analysis: type, direction, path, range.?Options of symbolizing physical movement on a designated manuscript page.?Perception of space and its division into an overall system of reference for movement, "body-oriented" space and "absolute" space.?Different references to movement time ? movement and pause, movement rhythm, duration.?Planning a series of exercises for motor practice with learners from the different populations, based on personal experience.The learning subjects can be chosen and adapted to the participants.Target Population:English-speakersGroups of up to 20 participants (There is no need for early movement knowledge) Scope of the workshop: 30 minutes Required means for the workshop: A space that allows movement according to the number of participants Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 180-180 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=041&rid=10040 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7310040 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Coordination, Theoretical Movement Learning, Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7310040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: UTTAM KUMAR SARKAR Author-Name-First: UTTAM KUMAR Author-Name-Last: SARKAR Author-Email: uttam@iimcal.ac.in Author-Workplace-Name: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA Title: Inference under a new exponential-exponential loss capturing specified penalties for over- and under-estimation Abstract: Asymmetric loss functions have gained enormous importance over the years, with particular relevance to situations where over- and under-estimation of the parameter of interest are considered not of equal consequence. In particular, the linear-exponential (LINEX) loss has been studied and used quite extensively in classical and Bayesian inference. While LINEX loss nicely captures whether over- or under-estimation has a more serious impact, it falls short of incorporating any prior knowledge about the relative penalty for over- vis-à-vis that for under-estimation. Thus, if such prior knowledge is available as happens in many practical situations, notably in finance, medicine and reliability theory, among others, then there is a pressing need for devising a loss function that accounts for this information and hence is more realistic than the LINEX loss. More specifically, suppose the ground realities in a given situation demand that over-estimation needs to be penalized k times the penalty of under-estimation, where k is known. Clearly, over-estimation gets more penalized than under-estimation if k > 1 and it is the other way round if k < 1. Naturally, taking care of the explicit knowledge of k will entail more sensible statistical inference. The present article incorporates this information via a novel exponential-exponential loss function, named EXEX loss, designed using the sigmoid function. Unlike the linear-exponential LINEX loss which behaves more like exponential for over-estimation and rather linear for under-estimation, the proposed EXEX loss function is exponential under both kinds of estimation errors. We show how, in the inference process, this allows the experimenter to directly incorporate knowledge of the relative penalty as mentioned above via the use of the EXEX loss function, with its characteristics appropriately tuned. The ideas are demonstrated by showing how the EXEX loss works in the estimation of a normal mean and related problems. We also compare and contrast the performances of LINEX and EXEX losses in terms of risk. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 181-181 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=042&rid=9788 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109788 Classification-JEL: C18, C13, C00 Keywords: Estimation, Squared error loss, Asymmetric loss Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109788 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yuji Sato Author-Name-First: Yuji Author-Name-Last: Sato Author-Email: ysatoh@1988.jukuin.keio.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Management, Chukyo University Title: Difference in Risk Perception of Uncertainties in Supply Chain between Developed and Developing Countries Abstract: The objective of this paper is to clarify the relationship between uncertainties in supply chain and its disruption risk under environmental turbulence. Rapid spread of globalization pushes firms to face the higher level of uncertainty, which increases the risk of supply disruption. Firms must formulate necessary and sufficient strategy to supply chain management that they may confront. Such a strategy, however, involves a broad range of factors, including some that are subjective, e.g., risk perception. Formulating strategy for supply chain management and decision making for avoiding supply disruption thus must often rely heavily on past experience, generalities, and intuition. This paper addresses this issue by refining existing structural model of supply disruption. In the analyses, inner dependencies among demand, quality and logistics uncertainties, and outer dependencies between those uncertainties and the magnitude and the probability of disruption risks are evaluated. Pairwise evaluations among the uncertainties and those between representations of supply disruption risk and uncertainties comprise a prioritized analysis. Case studies are conducted in beverage companies that engage in business both in developed and developing countries, which demonstrate the applicability of the prioritized analyses based on the proposed structural model to the real markets. The results clarify the difference in risk perceptions under environmental backgrounds and illustrate the feature of risk perception based on the characteristics of companies. According to the retrospective interview after the case study, the managers in the companies are provided suggestion on how to formulate a strategy to their supply chain management. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 182-182 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=043&rid=10377 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110377 Classification-JEL: C44, D81 Keywords: supply chain management; supply disruption; risk perception; uncertainty. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: ibtissem sbartai Author-Name-First: ibtissem Author-Name-Last: sbartai Author-Email: ibsbartai@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of cell Toxicology , university of Badji Mokhtar Author-Name: Hana sbartai Author-Name-First: Hana Author-Name-Last: sbartai Author-Email: hana_sbartai@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of cell Toxicology , university of Badji Mokhtar Author-Name: Houria Berrebbah Author-Name-First: Houria Author-Name-Last: Berrebbah Author-Email: b_berrebbah@yaoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of cell Toxicology , university of Badji Mokhtar Author-Name: Mohammed Reda Djebar Author-Name-First: Mohammed Reda Author-Name-Last: Djebar Author-Email: r_djebar@yahoo.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of cell Toxicology , university of Badji Mokhtar Title: Use of Paramecium sp. bioindicators of water pollution by a selective insecticide Abstract: The water crisis has already been raging for a long time because the contamination of continental and oceanic waters is exerting its misdeeds in an ever increasing way. It affects both the industrialized countries and the seas around them, as well as many parts of the Third World where, in addition to the chronic pollution of continental waters, agricultural production is limited by the lack of water in those with arid climates. Chemicals used in agriculture are the main cause of water pollution. Half of what is poured into the fields does not even reach the plants and ends up in the fresh water; they not only act against the target for which they are registered, but also on the entire ecosystem. The effects on biodiversity, including terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna, are therefore undeniable. The present study was undertaken to better characterize the impact of an insecticide (indoxacarbe) on growth, on respiratory metabolism as well as on the detoxification system and more specifically on bio-markers which are considered as relevant detection tools for pollutants. Therefore constitute a new approach for assessing the effects of environmental contamination on ecosystems and human health. Four concentrations were tested on aliquots of culture paramecia made in advance. The results show that cell growth of paramecia is sensitive to the insecticide and for the highest concentrations. Toxicity was evaluated by determining the IC 50 and by calculating the percentage response which evaluates the response of protists to the pollutant and confirms the evolution of the growth curve. Also decreased cell generation time and increasing day doubling of the cells treated with high concentrations suggest a possible genotoxic effect. Finally, the determination of enzyme biomarkers: the catalase and glutathione S-transferase reveals fluctuations and this with time and increasing concentrations of indoxacarbe. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 183-183 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=044&rid=8979 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8108979 Classification-JEL: Q53, Q53, Q53 Keywords: aquatic pollution, Indoxacarbe, Toxicity, Cell growth, biomarkers. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8108979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Lilach Shalit Author-Name-First: Lilach Author-Name-Last: Shalit Author-Email: lilach.g.s@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Kibbutzim College of Education, Technology and the Arts Author-Name: Tali Ronen Author-Name-First: Tali Author-Name-Last: Ronen Author-Email: taligili@hotmail.com? Author-Workplace-Name: Kibbutzim College of Education, Technology and the Arts Title: Developing learning skills through movement Abstract: Physical movement, in addition to its importance in motor development, may also contribute to academic learning and to the improvement of cognitive skills. This lecture focuses on two research studies which examine the effect of physical exercise and body movement activities on different populations. Both studies used the movement and structural principles of Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation (EWMN). EWMN is a language based on an analytical method that defines the essential units required for the description of bodily movement in time and space. The first research examined an intervention program consisting of a combination of movement by means of EWMN and academic learning. The aim of the program was to improve the achievements of 3rd and 4th grade pupils in learning an academic subject as they studied two topics in geometry: angles and symmetry. The study compared two experiment groups with two control groups. This was Mixed Methods Research which made use of three research tools. The findings of the study clearly show that the achievements of the pupils who participated in the experimental groups were higher than those of the pupils who participated in the control groups.The second research study examined the effect of movement and coordination exercises, based on EWMN, on students who have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study examined a movement intervention program of thirteen weeks duration in two different but related fields of knowledge: attention, a cognitive skill, and coordination, a physical skill. This population was chosen because earlier studies have shown that physical exercise is likely to have a positive effect on people with ADHD. The findings of the study show that the students improved their results according to the attention and coordination tests that were administered. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 184-184 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=045&rid=10039 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 7310039 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Coordination, Theoretical Movement Learning, Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:7310039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Rudy Haposan Siahaan Author-Name-First: Rudy Haposan Author-Name-Last: Siahaan Author-Email: rudyrajausu@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universitas Sumatera Utara Author-Name: Raja Fernandez Butar Butar Author-Name-First: Raja Fernandez Author-Name-Last: Butar Butar Author-Email: rajabutarbutar93@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universitas Sumatera Utara Title: BATAK PEOPLE?S DALIHAN NA TOLU IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RIGHTS Abstract: Legal tradition of Indonesia, as a chthonic law of Indonesia, is the original law of people in Indonesia, born from the earth of Indonesia ? not from the outside. This legal tradition is known as a customary law which is believed to be a legal system that has a special character that can only be found on the earth of Indonesia. Van Vollen Hoven, in his finding, has divided the customary law of Indonesia into 19 customary law environments (rechtkringen), and one of them is the Batak (Tapanuli) customary law. Batak customary law has a philosophy known as "Dalihan Na Tolu" (three legs of a stove). Dalihan Na Tolu becomes a framework covering the relations of blood relatives and marital relationships that associate one group, and consists of three following things that form the common ground: 1) somba marhula; 2) elek marboru; and 3) manat mardongan tubu. This study examines how Dalihan Na Tolu becomes the right of the people, which is indispensable to human right principles, as recognized, respected and protected by the state. This is evident in the provision of Article 28I Subsection (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia, which states: "the cultural identity and rights of traditional communities are respected in harmony with the development of times and civilizations". Furthermore, emphasized by Article 6 of Law Number 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, it is stated in Subsection (1): "in the context of human rights? enforcement, the differences and needs of indigenous peoples shall be addressed and protected by law, society and government", and in Subsection (2): "the cultural identity of indigenous peoples, including the rights over communal lands, is protected, in harmony with the development of times". Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 185-200 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=046&rid=10276 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110276 Classification-JEL: Keywords: customary law, Batak people, Dalihan Na Tolu, human rights Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Cipto Soenaryo Author-Name-First: Cipto Author-Name-Last: Soenaryo Author-Email: cipto.dkk@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universitas Padjajaran Author-Name: Dewi Kania Sugiharti Author-Name-First: Dewi Kania Author-Name-Last: Sugiharti Author-Email: c1pto_5@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universitas Padjajaran Title: THE ROLE OF THE STATE ON THE PRIVATE LAW THROUGH NOTARY AS A PUBLIC OFFICIAL IN LEGAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA Abstract: The legal system in Indonesia embraces the division: public law and private law, which is one of the characteristics of the civil law system. The Government, as an organ of the State, also assigns some of its duties and authorities to the Public Official. A public official is a functionary appointed and discharged by the authority of the State, represented by the Government, and authorized and obliged to serve the public in certain matters because he or she participates in exercising the authority of the Government. Notary, as a general functionary or public official, performs State duty in making authentic deed in order to serve (if requested) society; and the authentic deed made is a state document. In its development, there has been a shift of the notarial position as a public official ? who is a part of the state organs ? to become no longer a public official but a general profession. This is because if there is a legal issue concerning the authentic deed that is made, it is often contested through the general court rather than through the administrative court of the State. Therefore, the role of the State is necessary in strengthening the legal system. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 201-201 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=047&rid=10440 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110440 Classification-JEL: K10 Keywords: public law, private law, public official, notary Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Edwin Theron Author-Name-First: Edwin Author-Name-Last: Theron Author-Email: et3@sun.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Stellenbosch University Title: CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE FOR DEVELOPING CUSTOMER COMMITMENT: DOES SHOCK INTENSITY MAKE A DIFFERENCE? Abstract: Customer relationship management has become more important than ever before, especially since service providers are faced with increased competition. It is not surprising to find that both marketing academics and practitioners are progressively confronted by the challenge to create new and innovative ways to manage relationships with customers. Although relationship management entails managing a vast number of dimensions, customer commitment is often viewed as one of the most important elements of any marketing relationship. Given this importance, service providers need to provide services in line with the promises made to customers. Service providers also need to strive towards creating an environment in which customers feel comfortable and free from unexpected changes. The reality is that no service is fail-safe, resulting in a situation where customers are frequently confronted with negative experiences. These negative experiences are often referred to as relational shocks.It was against this background that this study investigated the influence that varying levels of relational shocks might have on customer commitment. Three experiments were conducted. In each of the experiments, respondents were exposed to a different shock scenario, namely a low, a medium or a high shock scenario. A total of 372 Generation Y respondents participated, and the mobile phone industry was selected as context for the study. Data were analysed by means of SPSS Statistics version 25, and a one-way ANOVA was performed to examine possible differences. The results of the study revealed that the three different levels of relational shocks indeed influenced customer commitment, but not all three types of commitment (affective, calculative and normative) were influenced equally. The study also highlighted the importance of limiting relational shocks in general to improve customer commitment. However, the major contribution of the study is that it is the first of its kind, as far as could be ascertained, to investigate the effect of different levels of relational shock on customer commitment, specifically from a mobile phone perspective. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 202-216 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=048&rid=9841 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109841 Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: Affective commitmentCalculative commitmentNormative commitmentRelational shocks Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109841 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Edwin Theron Author-Name-First: Edwin Author-Name-Last: Theron Author-Email: et3@sun.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Stellenbosch University Title: Managing commitment in the personal care service industry: the special case of hairdressing services. Abstract: Since its inception, the concept of customer commitment has been extensively researched, especially in the field of relationship marketing. It is therefore not surprising to find that the concept of commitment has been applied to various industries, both on an academic and practical level. However, the same cannot be said about the personal care service industry, which refers to industries that are characterised by high levels of customer interaction during the service delivery process. These industries include the hairdressing, legal services and medical services industries. This study focuses on the management of customer commitment from a personal care service perspective. The specific context of the study is the hairdressing industry. The study applies Meyer and Allen?s well-documented three-component model of commitment, and investigates the management of affective, calculative and normative commitment in the hairdressing industry. A quantitative approach was used to analyse the perceptions of 270 Generation Y respondents. Generation Y, also known as the millennials, refers to people who were born in the 1980s and 1990s. The data were analysed in SPSS version 25, and a regression analysis was used to assess the statistical significance of the hypothesised relationships. The results of the study indicate that satisfaction, social bonds, attractiveness of alternatives, relationship benefits and communication are significant antecedents of customer commitment in the hairdressing industry. The primary contribution of the study lies in the fact that it provides both theoretical insights and practical recommendations on how customer commitment in this relatively under-researched context should be managed. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 217-236 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=049&rid=8961 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8108961 Classification-JEL: M00, M31 Keywords: Customer commitmentPersonal care service industryHairdressing Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8108961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bob Uttl Author-Name-First: Bob Author-Name-Last: Uttl Author-Email: uttlbob@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Mount Royal University Author-Name: Stephanie Bell Author-Name-First: Stephanie Author-Name-Last: Bell Author-Email: sbell012@mtroyal.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Mount Royal University Author-Name: Katya Banks Author-Name-First: Katya Author-Name-Last: Banks Author-Email: kbank056@mtroyal.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Mount Royal University Title: Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) Ratings Depend on the Class Size: A Systematic Review Abstract: Feldman (1984) reviewed studies investigating the relationship between SET ratings and the class size and concluded that their association was ?very weak? and inverse. However, a detailed review of Feldman?s meta-analysis reveals a number of serious methodological flaws that undermine his conclusion. Briefly, Feldman excluded studies that reported curvilinear relationships and did not consider a possibility that SET ratings may be the highest in smallest classes, decline sharply as the class size increases to 20 or 30 students and then level off; and that correlations reported in primary studies may be artifacts of calculating linear correlation coefficients over non-linear relationships. Accordingly, we conduct a new, up-to-date, comprehensive meta-analysis of the SET/Class size relationships using data from over 100 primary studies. The key results of our research show that (1) the primary studies frequently did not report necessary data to interpret their findings, and (2) the SET/Class size relationship is curvilinear, specifically, SET ratings are the highest in smallest classes, decline sharply as the class size increases to 20 to 30 students, and then level off revealing minimal SET/Class size relationship among studies with class sizes beyond 50 students. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 237-237 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=050&rid=10392 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110392 Classification-JEL: Keywords: student evaluation of teaching (SET), class size, validity Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bob Uttl Author-Name-First: Bob Author-Name-Last: Uttl Author-Email: uttlbob@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Mount Royal University Author-Name: Amy Siegenthaler Author-Name-First: Amy Author-Name-Last: Siegenthaler Author-Email: amysieg@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Foothills Medical Center Author-Name: Anne Tseu Author-Name-First: Anne Author-Name-Last: Tseu Author-Email: atseu836@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Mount Royal University Title: The End of Flynn Effect: A Meta-Analysis of the WAIS-R Vocabulary Scores Abstract: The Flynn Effect refers to substantial increases in intelligence scores over most of the 20th century. However, a number of recent findings suggest that the Flynn Effect may have plateaued or even reversed. We examined whether scores on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R) Vocabulary Subset are still increasing, levelled off, or declining in Canada and United States. Following the methodology described in Uttl and Van Alstine (2003), we searched full text of Aging and Psychology, Journals of Gerontology: Series B, and Experimental Aging Research for samples of normal healthy adults who were administered WAIS-R Vocabulary Subtest as part of variety of different studies. To determine whether the WAIS-R Vocabulary scores have been increasing, plateauing, or declining, we used year of publication as a proxy for the year of assessment and used meta-regression analyses to determine changes in WAIS-R Vocabulary scores, if any. Our results show no further increases in WAIS-R Vocabulary scores and suggest that the Flynn Effect has ended for vocabulary tests in North America. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 238-238 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=051&rid=10393 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110393 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Flynn Effect, WAIS-R, Vocabulary scores Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Julie Wen Author-Name-First: Julie Author-Name-Last: Wen Author-Email: J.Wen@westernsydney.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Western Sydney > University Title: The Impact of Volunteer Tourists: Case Study of Meixian Team Abstract: Volunteer tourism has been growing as an important segment of youth tourism. This paper takes Meixian Team ( Meixian Dui) as the case study. College students in Guangzhou, Southeast China, ride bicycles to rural China to help with primary teaching in rural Guangdong Province. By means of in-depth interviews, the research attempts to analyse their reflection and personal experience in relation to their volunteer tours. Young volunteers developed their personalities during their journey of helping rural children with limited resource. There were diverse modes of personal and interpersonal interactions among the research respondents. These volunteer tourists manifested how their experience resulted in shifts in personal attitude and world views of Chinese colleague students. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 239-239 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=052&rid=10297 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110297 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Change, China, Rural, Travel, Volunteer Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tomomasa Yamasaki Author-Name-First: Tomomasa Author-Name-Last: Yamasaki Author-Email: a5715092@aoyama.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Takashi kaburagi Author-Name-First: Takashi Author-Name-Last: kaburagi Author-Email: kaburagi@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Satoshi Kumagai Author-Name-First: Satoshi Author-Name-Last: Kumagai Author-Email: kumagai@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Toshiyuki Matsumoto Author-Name-First: Toshiyuki Author-Name-Last: Matsumoto Author-Email: matsumotoi@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Author-Name: Yosuke Kurihara Author-Name-First: Yosuke Author-Name-Last: Kurihara Author-Email: kurihara@ise.aoyama.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Aoyama Gakuin University Title: Urinary Volume Prediction Method by Gaussian Process Abstract: Elderly people need some help for urination due to their muscle weakness. In certain cases, some elderly people need help more to go to bathroom on a regular basis because they cannot feel urinary urgency due to nerve dysfunction. Since the urination interval between urinations varies around ranging from 30 to 100 minutes in general, caregivers are required to check elderly people?s urination at intervals around 30 minutes to prevent urinary incontinence even though no indication. If caregivers could predict long-term urinary volume transition in the bladder, they would be able to make well-organized excretion management plans to take the elderly people to the bathroom, and do other chores accordingly. However, the prediction of the urinary volume is difficult because the urinary accumulation patterns are dispersed due to the daily body condition. In this research, we proposed a prediction method for urinary volume in their bladder based on Gaussian Process from datasets which were measured using ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is used commonly in nursing homes, which is the reason why we used it for the proposed method. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we conducted an experiment assessing its validity. The subjects were two male individuals in their mid-twenties (subject A and subject B). One dataset contains time series between urinations. We measured 90 datasets from the subjects. In this experiment, datasets with urination interval of 70-100 minutes were defined as the long-term datasets. As the results of prediction, in the case of using both of short-term datasets and long-term datasets, the root mean square error (RMSE) for subject A and B were 76.70 ml, and 85.76 ml respectively. Furthermore, in the case of using long-term datasets, the RMSE for subject A and B were 54.64 ml, and 58.20 ml respectively. Comparing the results of both cases shows that the prediction applying only long-term datasets has higher accuracy. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 240-240 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=053&rid=10315 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110315 Classification-JEL: I10 Keywords: Urinary Volume, Gaussian Process, Ultrasonic Sensor, Nursing Care, Excretion Management Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Gideon Yaniv Author-Name-First: Gideon Author-Name-Last: Yaniv Author-Email: gideonyaniv@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ariel University Author-Name: Doron Greenberg Author-Name-First: Doron Author-Name-Last: Greenberg Author-Email: dorongreen3@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ariel University Author-Name: Erez Siniver Author-Name-First: Erez Author-Name-Last: Siniver Author-Email: sinivr@golman.ac.il Author-Workplace-Name: COMAS Title: Telling an Impossible Lie: Detecting Individual Cheating in a Die-under-the-Cup Task Abstract: Dishonesty is abundant in modern economic life. Over the past two decades, behavioral economists and social psychologists have been designing numerous lab and field experiments with the purpose of deriving insights on people?s tendency to cheat. A popular cheating experiment is the Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi (2013) die-under-the-cup paradigm, where subjects are asked to roll a six-sided fair die in private (under a cup or at a remote corner of the room) and are promised a payoff according to the outcome of the roll (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 dollars for the corresponding die number rolled) which they report to the experimenter. While the die-under-the-cup task provides incentives for dishonest overreporting of the actual die outcome, there is no way to identify dishonesty on the individual level. It is only possible to elucidate the aggregate level of dishonesty among subjects as a group by comparing the average reported outcome to the expected outcome of 3.5 in a fair die roll or the percentage of higher reported outcomes, such as 5 and 6, to their expected outcome of 16.7 percent. The present paper reports the results of running a variant of the standard die-under-the-cup experiment which enables to detect dishonesty on the individual level. Individual dishonesty is detected when one reports an outcome which is practically impossible. Subjects are uncertain about the possible outcomes (other than the one they actually rolled) and may rationally refrain from telling a lie which, if impossible, might result in embarrassment and denial of any payoff. Would they be tempted to tell such a lie when faced with a proper incentive? Applying two payoff levels, we find that about 55 percent of subjects opted to tell an impossible lie even when the payoff was relatively low and about 70 percent did so when the payoff was doubled. Furthermore, about 30 percent and 50 percent lied to (what seemed to be) the maximum extent possible under the low and high payoff, respectively. These findings are in sharp contrast with Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi (2013) where the possible outcomes were known to subjects yet the reported outcomes remained stable even when the payoffs were tripled, or with Mazar et al (2008) who concluded, under a different riskless paradigm, that subjects cheated just a little bit and that the modest level of cheating was insensitive to the reward from cheating. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 241-241 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=054&rid=9850 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8109850 Classification-JEL: K42, C91, C92 Keywords: Dishonesty, Cheating, Impossible Lie, Die-under-the-Cup Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8109850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zinaida Zakharanka Author-Name-First: Zinaida Author-Name-Last: Zakharanka Author-Email: zaharenkozn@yandex.by Author-Workplace-Name: Belarusian State University of Transport Title: Features of teaching economic disciplines for students of architectural and construction specialties in the Republic of Belarus Abstract: In the article features of teaching of economic disciplines for students of architectural and building specialties in higher educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus are presented on an example of calculation of the total estimated cost of construction products. It should be noted that the formation of prices in construction is one of the important stages in the preparation of design estimates, therefore the development of a unified approach to the calculation of cost, taking into account the dynamics of its development is fundamental in the process of teaching economic disciplines.It is important to take into account that in the current conditions of intensive implementation of various software complexes for the calculation of building structures, in particular based on BIM-technologies, the corresponding programs for the preparation of budget documentation are also widely used. In this situation, at the teaching stage it is important to form the understanding of the principles of drawing up the estimate documentation for the learner, because a correct assessment of the adequacy of the resulting "automated" solutions is the key in determining the competence of any specialist.Important in teaching the course "Construction economics" has a close relationship of the principles of formation of the value of construction products with the basics of technology and the organization of construction. In this connection, when presenting theoretical material on the "Construction economics", information about the technology and organization of construction production should be largely provided. It should be noted that the teaching of special economic disciplines takes place at the final courses of study, i.e. after completing the relevant specialized courses "Technology of construction" and "Organization of construction", which allows you to freely consider those or other features of the construction process in the aspect of economic evaluation. In general, the main purpose of accounting for the principles of construction production in the teaching of economic disciplines is the correct definition of labor, machinery and material resources, taking into account the selected production technology. At the same time, it is important to note that the study of the basics of calculating the cost of construction products in conjunction with the technology of production of works allows the future specialist to exclude errors in the selection of norms and quotations as much as possible, to reduce the amount of information entered and, as a result, to improve the quality of the estimated budget and resource documentation. Length: 17 pages Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 242-258 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=055&rid=10330 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110330 Classification-JEL: A12, L74 Keywords: Construction-assembling works, Project and technology module, Estimated cost, Local estimate, Direct costs, Object estimate, Summary estimated cost Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Borut Zgonc Author-Name-First: Borut Author-Name-Last: Zgonc Author-Email: borut.zgonc@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Author-Name: Metka Tekav?i? Author-Name-First: Metka Author-Name-Last: Tekav?i? Author-Email: metka.tekavcic@ef.uni-lj.si Author-Workplace-Name: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Author-Name: Marko Jak?i? Author-Name-First: Marko Author-Name-Last: Jak?i? Author-Email: marko.jaksic@ef.uni-lj.si Author-Workplace-Name: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Title: Internalization of External Costs and its Impact on Modal Split in the Freight Transport Market Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of internalization of external costs on modal split in the freight transport market. It is expected that the internalization of transport externalities will contribute to the redistribution of freight volumes in favor of non-road transport modes, especially railway. To answer this expectation, the break-even distances between intermodal rail-road and unimodal road are calculated. The calculation is based on the costs, as the most important factor that influences the mode choice in the freight transport market. In order to establish as general as possible a model, independent of a certain transport corridors, the model relies on a Monte Carlo simulation that takes account of a randomly generated shipper and receiver?s locations in two separated market areas. The model consists of a submodule for calculating drayage distances and costs in a circular market area and another submodule for calculating the distances and costs between two separated market areas, taking different distance metrics into account. The results confirm the importance of internalization of external costs on the mode choice and its contribution to the more sustainable transport system. Additionally, the results show there is not only one but, in fact, many break-even distances between the two modes. They vary considerably depending on different travel plans, and shipper/receiver locations within market areas. Despite the inevitable assumptions made in such general analysis, the results reveal that intermodal rail-road transport can provide a good alternative to unimodal road transport, even over relatively very short distances if the drayage costs are not too high and if external cost of transport are included in the price of all transport modes. We believe the research helps better understand competitiveness in the freight transport sector and may also be useful for policy- and other decision-makers to decide the priority of policy options, such as providing subsidies to stimulate intermodal rail-road transport. Increasing truck rates, e.g., by adding taxes, has been found to be effective policy to increase the intermodal rail-road mode share. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2018-11 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna, Nov 2018, pages 259-259 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/44th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=81&iid=056&rid=10381 File-Function: First version, 2018 Number: 8110381 Classification-JEL: L91, R40 Keywords: Freight mode choice; Break-even distance; Intermodal rail-road transport; External costs; Monte Carlo simulation. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8110381