Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ala' Rabi Author-Name-First: Ala' Author-Name-Last: Rabi Author-Email: yacob_yacob@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Jerash University Title: Board Characteristics and Corporate Social Disclosure: Evidence from an Emerging Economy Abstract: For the past twenty years, researchers have extensively debated the determinants of relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. Nevertheless, relationship between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility has received minimal attention in the extant literature, Particularly in developing countries. This paper seeks to fill the gap in the literature by examining the relationship between board characteristics and CSD. Using a sample 91 of non-financial listed companies in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for year ended 2017. Multiple regressions were used to confirm the relationship between board characteristics and CSD. As well as, the content analysis method was used to extract the items of corporate social disclosure from the company?s annual reports. The empirical results reveal that the level of corporate social disclosure is still relatively low compared to developed countries. Regarding board characteristics, the result show that (board size, INED) are each positive and significant relationship with the level of corporate social disclosure. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 1-11 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=001&rid=11642 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711642 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Corporate social disclosure, Board characteristics, Jordan Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Haya Al-Ajlani Author-Name-First: Haya Author-Name-Last: Al-Ajlani Author-Email: haya.alajlani@ugent.be Author-Workplace-Name: University of Ghent Title: Understanding State Fragility Abstract: The fragility of a state is often deemed an impediment to prosperity and sustainable development. A fragile government is unable to realize its full potential, jeopardizing the opportunities available for citizens to improve their quality of life. This notion of ?arrested development? is echoed in the recent OECD (2018) and World Bank reports (2016), where fragility was identified as a main encumber to achieving the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, existing literature remains inconclusive with regard to defining and measuring state fragility. Existing definitions vary across literature, and existing indices comprise a variety of indicators measuring not only state fragility but also other factors that would strain the performance of any well-functioning government. Consequently, such indices widen the breach between the theoretical definitions of state fragility and the empirical analysis. In this paper, we aim to provide a concrete definition of state fragility, and an index that is closely related to our definition. Building on the notion of statehood, we define fragile states as governments that lack legitimacy such that they fail to deliver basic services, and their authority is not endorsed by citizens. Therefore, our index of state fragility measure two elements: the provision of key services and the political legitimacy of the government (i.e. the endorsement the state receives from citizens). In our measurement of these two components, we use data envelopment analysis to condition on the level of economic development of the country. This conditionality helps differentiate between fragility issues, and development issues; is the poor provision of basic services or weak political legitimacy due to limited resources, or due to a fragile government? Our results show that Iraq, Nigeria, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan are the most fragile countries, respectively. In fact, compared to countries with a similar GDP per capita level, Saudi Arabia performs poorly with respect to all aspects of political legitimacy. Our results also suggest that fragility is a vicious cycle; states deemed fragile in a given year are likely to be deemed fragile in the years to follow. The index suggested in this paper can be a guiding tool for governments to evaluate their relative performance and identify areas that require improvements, in hopes of providing a better quality of life for citizens. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 12-12 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=002&rid=11614 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711614 Classification-JEL: Keywords: State fragility, legitimacy, Data envelopment analysis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yousef Aljaraideh Author-Name-First: Yousef Author-Name-Last: Aljaraideh Author-Email: yacob_yacob@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Jerash University/ Jordan Title: The Real Status of Digital Learning as Perceived by Faulty Members in Jordan Abstract: This study aims to identify the real status of digital learning as perceived by faculty members in Jordan. Digital learning is a new term which imitates the development of contemporary education technology changes. The research uses qualitative method represented by a semi-structured interview. The sample of the study consists of (50) faculty members chosen from Jerash University. The findings of the study showed that there are set of obstacles prevent ideal integration of digital learning as perceived by faculty members at Jerash University. A big portion of faculty members perceived poor infrastructure, lack of time and lack of technological skills as the main barriers that prevent the implementation of digital learning in the learning and teaching process. Some recommendations were set such as holding training courses for faculty members in order to improve their technological skills. Length: 5 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 13-17 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=003&rid=11096 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711096 Classification-JEL: Keywords: digital learning, barriers, implementation, Jordan. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711096 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Priya Baguant Author-Name-First: Priya Author-Name-Last: Baguant Author-Email: pbaguant@hct.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Higher Colleges of Technology Author-Name: Roberta Fenech Author-Name-First: Roberta Author-Name-Last: Fenech Author-Email: rfenech@hct.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Higher Colleges of Technology Title: Work Readiness of young graduates across different major specialisations :Case of United Arab Emirates Abstract: The employability of locals in the United Arab Emirates is a national priority and an integral part of Emiratisation which is an affirmative action policy of the United Arab Emirates Government that promotes preferential hiring status to Emiratis to safeguard national identity, economic sustainability, and political stability (Modarress, Ansari and Lockwood, 2013). The purpose of this research is to study the work readiness of Emirati graduating students across various specializations. The theoretical framework for this study is the four-factor model by Caballero, Walker and Fuller-Tyszkiewicz (2011). The four factors are personal work characteristics, organizational acumen, work competence and social intelligence. The research conducted so far on work readiness of graduates has been limited to particular disciplines (Walker, Storey, Costa, Leung, 2015; Dermott, 2007; Jollands, Jolly and Molyneaux, 2012; Haigh, Ell and Mackisack, 2013; Dermott and Ortiz, 2017). This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge as it does not focus on a single specialization and takes a broad exploratory look at work readiness across five specializations, namely business, information technology, health sciences, applied communication and engineering. 302 graduating Emirati students chosen randomly from various disciplines in different institutions participated in this quantitative research study by filling in a 60-item work readiness questionnaire. The main findings of this study is that specializations in tertiary education vary not only in terms of curriculum, technical knowledge, skills and abilities taught, but also in the preparation for employment which influences the perceptions of graduating students of their work readiness; graduating students in a health specialization perceiving to be the most work ready and graduating students in a business specialization perceiving to be the least work ready. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 18-18 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=004&rid=10925 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710925 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Work readiness; tertiary education; Emiratization; Work readiness scale. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710925 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sanem Bengü Uygunkan Author-Name-First: Sanem Author-Name-Last: Bengü Uygunkan Author-Email: sanemuygunkan@aydin.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Istanbul Ayd?n University Title: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STAR SYSTEM AND THE POPULAR CULTURE AND TURKEY?S ?SUPERSTAR? AJDA PEKKAN Abstract: Mass communication and mass media that bring new dimensions to communication among people affect the individual?s accordingly the masses level of knowledge, manner and attitude. According to Mills, mass media is the mirror of modern life of society. Mass media guides the society?s potential of motivation by selling image and data; with the data they disseminate mass media can give information about other societies and cultures? standard of living, relations of individuals and consumption areas of them (Quotation by Aziz, 1982, s. 48-50).While making sense of external reality, human beings starts out from his existing life and as the means of justification he uses his own popular culture icons (like actors, pop singers and etc.). But still he can?t change the external reality and it makes the icons meaningful unconsciously. This show the differences between mass culture and popular culture (Aydogan,2004, s.37).Popular culture is a consumption culture. While creating something popular, the existing popularity is used. Popular sport, sportsman, singers, ideas, manners, magazine heroes?something popular is covered and packed and consumers take part in the process making something popular by taking it (Erdogan, 1999, s.3). A material is sold directly. There is an indirect marketing through media.Stars can be called popular as they present sustainability, permanency. Stars are related with cultural industry with their trends, looks and novelty.Scanning model is a research method which aims to describe the situation existing in the past and today as it is (Karasar, 1995, s.77). This research is sample of scanning model. The research contains popular culture, connection of the stars, function of stars at creating and dissembling the popular culture and analyzing Ajda Pekkan who is the superstar of Turkey.During the research, related publishing ?n Turkish and English about image, icon, consumption, popular culture, development of star system are scanned. Super star Ajda Pekkan?s life is analyzed to discover the relation between popular culture and star system. Ajda Pekkan joined a contest to become the cover girl of ?Ses Magazine? in 1963 and chosen the first, then she started her professional career. So for this research all the news about her are scanned at this magazine to see the duration of her becoming a star.?Popular culture? and ?star? terms give essential clues about the cultural, economic, social features of society so the results of this research may be illuminating for this field. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 19-28 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=005&rid=11615 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711615 Classification-JEL: Y80, L82 Keywords: Popular culture, Star system Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sutana Boonlua Author-Name-First: Sutana Author-Name-Last: Boonlua Author-Email: sthanyakhan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Mahasarakham Business School, Mahasarakham University Title: Guidelines for learning and development of the logistics companies in Thailand Abstract: The key question is what are the guidelines for leaning and development of logistics companies in Thailand for competitive advantages? And the main objective is to examine the guidelines for leaning and development of logistics companies in Thailand for competitive advantages.There are three theoretical contributions which are (1) strategic competitive advantages, (2) balanced scorecard, and (3) knowledge management. This research used the questionnaire mailing, the surveys completed and returned of 84 respondents. The key informants were the managing directors or managers of each logistics companies in Thailand which registered as members of the Thai International Freight Forwarders Association (TIFFA). This empirical research explains concepts associated with how a logistics companies achieve and fulfill their goals and maintain their sustained competitive advantage with greater learning and growth perspective of the companies in a turbulent business environment. The nature of strategic competitive advantages for future research also suggested at the latter. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 29-29 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=006&rid=11040 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711040 Classification-JEL: Keywords: strategic competitive advantages, balanced scorecard, knowledge management, logistics companies Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chuenjit Changchenkit Author-Name-First: Chuenjit Author-Name-Last: Changchenkit Author-Email: fbuscjc@ku.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Kasetsart University Title: Customer Satisfaction towards Service Quality of Energy Complex Conference Rooms in Thailand. Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study customer satisfaction towards service quality and communication of Energy Complex Conference or ?EnCo? rooms. The venue, named Energy Complex, was located in Bangkok, mainly served for tenants within the premise and general customers. Quantitative research consisting of 400 samples was employed to those who had at least 1 year experience in renting conference rooms or conference rooms with catering services. Data were collected through convenience sampling method. The results revealed that most of the respondents were female, aged between 31 - 40 years old, held bachelor degree, with 1-2 times experience in using EnCo rooms or EnCo rooms with catering services.The service dimension that respondents perceived and expected in the highest level was assurance dimension, especially corporate?s integrity and customer - centric culture. However, respondents ranked the reliability service dimension in the highest importance, followed by empathy and responsiveness, respectively. When considering the service quality gap by comparing customers? perception and expectations, results showed that the biggest gap that customers gave the highest importance was the reliability dimension ( weighted mean score = -1.69 ),followed by responsiveness and empathy dimensions ( weighted mean score = -1.65 and -1.56, respectively ). The higher the service quality gap means the less customer satisfaction. The hypothesis testing results showed that different demographic factors led to different customer expectation and perception differently at the statistical significance level of 0.05. It was recommended that EnCo should improve service reliability through proactive teamwork and correct communication by using digital media such as application, and social media. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 30-30 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=007&rid=10675 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710675 Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Customer Perception, Customer Expectation, Service Quality Dimension, Thailand Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yu-Chuan Chen Author-Name-First: Yu-Chuan Author-Name-Last: Chen Author-Email: a04001@ntnu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Taiwan Normal University Author-Name: Hsiu-Hsi Liu Author-Name-First: Hsiu-Hsi Author-Name-Last: Liu Author-Email: hsiuhsi@mail.naer.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Academy for Educational Research Title: Effect of organization identity and relationship quality on teacher loyalty in teacher education departments Abstract: This study explored the effects of organization identity and relationship quality on teacher loyalty in teacher education departments in Taiwan. Organization identity is an important aspect in management industries and in the education sector. The relationship quality in universities refers to teachers? engagement with their job. A high relationship quality can improve teacher loyalty. Data were collected from 120 teacher education departments and 192 university teachers in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis were used to analyze and verify the relations among organization identity, relationship quality, and teacher loyalty. The analyses provided moderate support for the hypothesized model. The results indicated that both organization identity and relationship quality affect teacher loyalty in teacher departments. The relationship quality of departments serves as an influential mediator of the model. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 31-31 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=008&rid=10463 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710463 Classification-JEL: L39 Keywords: loyalty, organization identity, relationship quality, teacher education department Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Oraphin Choochom Author-Name-First: Oraphin Author-Name-Last: Choochom Author-Email: aoyora@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Behavioral Science Research Institute, Srinakharinwirot University Title: A Model of Self-Development for Enhancing Psychological Immunity of the Elderly Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an intervention of self-development for enhancing psychological immunity of the elderly. The psychological immunity intervention (PI) was based on an integration of mindfulness, self-efficacy, and optimism approaches. The study was a quasi-experimental design, including pretest and posttest with a control group. The sample was recruited from senior clubs in Bangkhunthian District, Bangkok Thailand. Participants were divided into 2 groups: 1) the intervention group (24 participants) participated in the PI intervention activities and the control group (24 participants) did not receive any intervention. The PI intervention consisted of 10 sessions for 5 weeks which lasted for two hours per session. Participants from both groups completed the questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Results showed that elders in the PI intervention group scored significantly higher on psychological immunity and psychological well-being than did the control group. More specifically, elders receiving the PI intervention showed significantly greater psychological immunity in the domains of resilience, mindfulness, and hope than did the control group. The findings suggest that the intervention is beneficial for elder people and senior clubs to improve psychological immunity and well-being. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 32-32 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=009&rid=10642 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710642 Classification-JEL: I19 Keywords: Psychological immunity, intervention, well-being, elderly Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Musabbir Chowdhury Author-Name-First: Musabbir Author-Name-Last: Chowdhury Author-Email: mchowdhury@niagaracollege.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Niagara College Canada Title: Strategic Realignment within Smart Ecosystems: Organizational Preparedness for Smart Cities and the Sharing Economy Abstract: Intelligent technologies such as block chain, internet of things, data analytics, artificial intelligence, and sensor fusion that are all necessary for smart cities and the sharing economy are now wide-spread. The Four Pillars of Productivity (4POP) framework is applied to determine the appropriate business positioning, given that these modern cities will very soon start to emerge and will make even greater use of the sharing economy. The financial gain, convenience, and overall quality of life improvements that the sharing economy can offer need to be fully realized. This will involve the sharing of almost all resources and skills, both in the home and work environments. Alignment with intelligent technology trends are considered; these include coordination of logistics and operations, digital governance, corporate culture, and smart urbanization effects on behavior and business practices. The paper also addresses the increased systematic risk and cybersecurity implications that come with complexity and uncertainty. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 33-48 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=010&rid=10707 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710707 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Smart city, sharing economy, Intelligent technologies, Four Pillars of Productivity Framework Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710707 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Naglaa Diaa Ramzy Author-Name-First: Naglaa Author-Name-Last: Diaa Ramzy Author-Email: nagladiaa@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Helwan University Author-Name: Sireen Abdulhalim Author-Name-First: Sireen Author-Name-Last: Abdulhalim Author-Email: sireenabdulhaleem911@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Future University in Egypt Author-Name: Pansee Mashaly Author-Name-First: Pansee Author-Name-Last: Mashaly Author-Email: pansee.mashaly123@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Future University in Egypt Title: Exploring In-Game Advertising and Brand Recall Abstract: Digital gaming is increasingly recognized as one of the most important entertainment sectors worldwide, turning it into a promising medium for advertisers. Games are extremely engaging, interactive and challenging, as a result, it attracted advertisers who are seeking the attention of the customers through a nontraditional medium to convey their advertising messages. Along with this growth in digital games, there are several important contextual factors to consider in the selection and placement of the advertising messages in digital games. The objective of this research was to explore the effect of in-game advertising on brand recall processing. The quantitative approach was employed and a survey was distributed on 201 respondents applied on FIFA game players in Egypt. The results showed that in-game advertising has an effect on brand recall. Additionally, the position of the advertisement and time of appearance appear to be the most significant factor in affecting brand recall. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 49-49 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=011&rid=11878 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711878 Classification-JEL: M30, M39, M37 Keywords: In-Game Advertising - Brand Recall - Advergames- Product placement Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711878 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Charlene Du Toit-Brits Author-Name-First: Charlene Author-Name-Last: Du Toit-Brits Author-Email: Charlene.dutoit@nwu.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: North- West University Title: The Educator as a Self-Directed Learner and Agent Abstract: Self-directed learning (SDL) is indispensible in education and teachers (all subjects included) have an important role to play in supporting students to obtain the appropriate skills for SDL. To see to this, teachers need to know what SDL entails; they need to be prepared for it, and they need to be willing to apply SDL in their teaching and classrooms. The author argued further in this theoretical paper that teachers need to established the groundwork of SDL, provide on-going support, provide students with tools for self-managed learning, construct a co-operative learning environment where the teacher assist to encourage the learners? SDL experience, facilitate learners? initiatives for learning and to assist as an mentor rather than an instructor. Consequently, teachers need to create the longing in students to take the initiative for their own learning, with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying human and material resources for learning, choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies and evaluating learning outcomes (Knowles, 1975). SDL has thus many benefits, also for teachers. However, acquiring the necessary skills is dependent on teacher?s preparedness and willingness for SDL. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 50-50 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=012&rid=10784 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710784 Classification-JEL: Keywords: control, learning, teacher, self-directed learning, self-directedness, students, continuous ? lifelong learning. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Gulcin Ipek Emeksiz Author-Name-First: Gulcin Ipek Author-Name-Last: Emeksiz Author-Email: giemeksiz@anadolu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Anadolu University, Communication Sciences Faculty, Department of Communication Design and Management Title: The Factors Which Lead Brands To Use Social Media In External Corporate Communication Abstract: Social media is the new form of today?s communication. People spend a lot of time on social media to be informed about and to interact with the happenings in their social environments, and in the meantime they want to reach their favourite brands. Therefore, many brands have started to open brand fan pages in different social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to get in touch with their consumers. There are many factors which have led brands to use social media in external corporate communication; however, these are not pointed out in detail in the literature. This paper aims to cover the factors which have motivated brands to use social media in external corporate communication. The paper first explores the reasons behind the decline of trust towards traditional advertisements and the advertisements on the Internet. Afterwards, it discusses why websites have recently lost their popularity against social media platforms. Lastly, it looks at why consumers want a presence of brands in social media. The results show that today?s consumers tend to trust electronic word of mouth in social media platforms more than traditional advertisements since they can learn online the experiences of people who have tried the products and services of brands. Furthermore, many consumers feel bothered from the advertisements which drop into their e-mail boxes and the Internet banners which pop up. Interactivity in social media is the main factor which has caused social media to get one step more forward than the websites. Today?s consumers want to engage in dialogues with their favourite brands and have in touch with them on social media. This paper will contribute to the literature of corporate communication from the aspect of social media. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 51-51 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=013&rid=10904 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710904 Classification-JEL: M30 Keywords: brands, corporate communication, external, factors, social media Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710904 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Govender Author-Name-First: Ivan Author-Name-Last: Govender Author-Email: ivang@dut.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Durban University of Technology Author-Name: CHRISTOPHER NWAFOR Author-Name-First: CHRISTOPHER Author-Name-Last: NWAFOR Author-Email: ivangg30@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Durban University of Technology Title: FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMUNITY PROTESTS IN THE MBIZANA MUNICIPALITY, SOUTH AFRICA Abstract: Protests are an integral part of many social, political and economic activities in societies all over the world, and the concept of protest is an on-going subject of scholarly endeavour. The occurrence of protests in South Africa, however, highlights significant deficit in meeting the huge expectations from a formerly disadvantaged majority of the population. The incidence of protests in the study area, in most cases, has been attributed to poor service delivery and the high expectations for improved social and economic development. While issues related to the delivery of basic services are attended to, the continued occurrence and increasing intensity of these protest incidents, has led to the argument that other factors are also at play. Two hundred and eighty respondents from three selected wards in the local municipality were randomly sampled, and three municipal officials were also interviewed to explore the factors influencing protest incidents in the study area. Findings from the study point to the profusion of unresolved community complaints coupled with slow-paced provision of services, intra-party disagreements among political factions in the municipal council, and crime-related incidents; as factors responsible for protests in the local municipality. The study shows the preponderance of disagreements among political party members as a leading cause for protest incidents, unrelated to the provision of basic services. Also, the demand for justice among victims of criminal incidents was found to be another reason for the increasing number of protest events in the Mbizana Local Municipality. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 52-52 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=014&rid=11572 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711572 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Service delivery, Community complaints, Political disputes. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mercedes Gumbau Author-Name-First: Mercedes Author-Name-Last: Gumbau Author-Email: Mercedes.Gumbau@uv.es Author-Workplace-Name: University of Valencia Title: Does the eclectic framework explain the new start-ups? Abstract: Based on the eclectic theory, the paper analyzes which are the basic factors leading to the creation of new start-ups in society. It is argued that an ecosystem prone to entrepreneurship must own opportunities created by market conditions, human capital and resources such as access to capital or R & D and technology. Stability and economic growth act positively on the expectations of people who are in the situation of deciding whether or not to create the company they are projecting. But at the same time, macroeconomic conditions such as the behavior of demand or the degree of economic stability affect the context in which entrepreneurs identify opportunities and decide if they are going to undertake. Given this reverse causality, econometric estimations are carried out using panel data techniques, instrumental variables and simultaneous three-phase equations. Regional data are used in Spain over the period 2008-2014. The results also show that entrepreneurship of the small companies, as well as those of low technology sectors, is directly related to the availability of credit. And the entrepreneurship rate of large companies or high technological intensity is explained by the resources available to companies such as the availability of R & D capital or human capital as well as industrial diversity or demographic composition. Implications from the findings are discussed. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 53-53 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=015&rid=11435 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711435 Classification-JEL: Keywords: entrepreneurship Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Beata Guziejewska Author-Name-First: Beata Author-Name-Last: Guziejewska Author-Email: beata.guziejewska@uni.lodz.pl Author-Workplace-Name: University of Lodz Author-Name: Joanna Dzia?o Author-Name-First: Joanna Author-Name-Last: Dzia?o Author-Email: joanna.dzialo@lazarski.pl Author-Workplace-Name: Lazarski University Title: Municipal indebtedness in Poland ? formal and informal conditions Abstract: The ongoing processes of decentralization, which are present in many countries, cause a growing proportion of public funds to be collected and spent at the local government tier, which necessitates the use of fiscal rules not only at the state level. This issue may raise some controversy due to the specific character, autonomy and empowerment of local government and local communities. Therefore, the analysed subject is based on three questions: 1. Limited fiscal autonomy of local self-government and it?s consequences 2. A real need for and the scope of the use of fiscal rules in local government finance, 3. The informal factors that directly determine the indebtedness in local governments in the light of literature and selected empirical research. We use a descriptive method supported by an analysis of financial data and a case study as it presents selected aspects of Polish experience in the subject matter. The results of the analysis seem to point to the necessity of the use of fiscal rules in local government finance, which paradoxically strengthens the processes of decentralization, democratization, technological advancement and globalization. Some primary results of our research indicate investment expenditure, own revenues, number of companies (level of GDP) and election cycle as important, significant factors (in statistical meaning) effecting the local deficit and debt. The conclusions list the advantages of the use of fiscal rules at the local government tier and large diversity of informal conditions across the whole country. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 54-54 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=016&rid=11414 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711414 Classification-JEL: E62, H19, H79 Keywords: municipal finance, fiscal rules, municipal debt Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SUNEE HAEMAPRASITH Author-Name-First: SUNEE Author-Name-Last: HAEMAPRASITH Author-Email: suneehae@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Srinakharinwirot University Title: THE QUALITY OF VOLUNTARY DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DEFENSE VILLAGES IN 2018 Abstract: The purposes of this study were to 1) to survey people? s opinion towards the strength and weakness of the Voluntary Development and Self Defense Villages (VDS) and 2) to assess the quality of VDS villages in overall and 3 aspects, namely Stability, Prosperity and Sustainability and classified by region. The samples were 959 people from 60 VDS villages in 4 regions of Thailand in 2018. The samples were collected by multistage random sampling. The instrument used for data collecting was a questionnaire. The t-test for one sample and F-test were used for the data analysis The findings are as follows:1. The strength of VDS villages is a) the diligent people for making living b) the care and unity people and c) the dedicated and honest leaders, respectively. The weakness of VDS villages is a) the village administration and management b) ineffective infrastructure and c) destroyed natural resources, respectively. 2) The quality of VDS villages is good in overall and 3 aspects, namely Stability, Prosperity and Sustainability.3) The quality of VDS villages in each region is good except the northern region which is fairly good. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 55-55 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=017&rid=11037 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711037 Classification-JEL: Keywords: The Quality of Village, Stability, Prosperity and Sustainability Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Songporn Hansanti Author-Name-First: Songporn Author-Name-Last: Hansanti Author-Email: fbusspha@ku.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, Kasetsart University Author-Name: Thanabadee Wayuwattanasiri Author-Name-First: Thanabadee Author-Name-Last: Wayuwattanasiri Author-Email: songporn.h@ku.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, Kasetsart University Author-Name: Daoroong Aiyadech Author-Name-First: Daoroong Author-Name-Last: Aiyadech Author-Email: songporn.ku@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, Kasetsart University Title: MARKETING FACTORS AND BRAND EQUITY IN ON THE CONSUMER?S BUYING DECISION OF MODERN TRADE THE DOHOME IN BANGKOK AND ITS ViCINITY. Abstract: The objectives of this research were to study the marketing factors and brand equity influence on the buying decision of modern trade Dohome in Bangkok and its vicinity. The samples for the research were 385 people who purchased product in the modern trade Dohome in Bangkok. The questionnaires were used for the research tool, whereas the statistics used for analyzing the obtained data were percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that overall level of opinions on marketing factors and brand equity of modern trade Dohome is high level. Furthermore, overall level of purchasing decision is high level too. Results of the hypothesis test showed that marketing factors in product and price influences buying decisions and brand equity in perceived quality influences buying decisions of the modern trade Dohome with a statistical significance at a 0.05 level. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 56-56 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=018&rid=10578 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710578 Classification-JEL: M31, M30 Keywords: Marketing Factors, Brand Equity, Buying Decision Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Li-Fei Huang Author-Name-First: Li-Fei Author-Name-Last: Huang Author-Email: lhuang@mail.mcu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Ming Chuan University Title: Using App Inventor to provide the one-way ANOVA table with blocks Abstract: The one-way ANOVA table is used to test whether the factor has some influence on the experimental result or not. The factor has at least two levels, and some uncontrollable block usually appears in the experiment. An engineering calculator can help computing different sum of squares, but the ANOVA table must be written or typed in somewhere else. By the way, a smart phone is more convenient than a calculator or a tablet. Rather than the traditional spreadsheet, the free MIT App Inventor is applied to create the one-way ANOVA table with blocks in the mobile computing environment in this paper. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 57-57 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=019&rid=10559 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710559 Classification-JEL: Y10 Keywords: App Inventor, one-way ANOVA, block, financial technique. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chihli Hung Author-Name-First: Chihli Author-Name-Last: Hung Author-Email: chihli@cycu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Chung Yuan Christian University Author-Name: Jheng-Hua Huang Author-Name-First: Jheng-Hua Author-Name-Last: Huang Author-Email: joyhung1993@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Chung Yuan Christian University Title: Developing an Adaptive Chinese Near-Synonym Corpus for Word of Mouth Classification Abstract: Word of mouth (WOM) is the subjective opinion of consumers for a brand, a product or a service. Its impact on consumer?s purchasing decision is greater than the marketing activities of a product. Word of mouth classification is an effective means for document organization in an era of big data. However, the existing tasks of WOM classification are mainly dependent on the bag of word (BOW) in the vector space model (VSM), which usually suffers from the curse of dimensionality while dealing with large amounts of documents. We compared characters, context, and homophones, and integrated thesauruses to establish an adaptable Chinese near-synonym corpus. Subsequently, lexical replacement was applied, and the adaptable Chinese near-synonym corpus was created for classifying WOM documents. Two static corpora, the Ministry of Education?s Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary and the Extended Chinese Synonym Forest, were used as the benchmarks of comparison for the proposed adaptable near-synonym corpus in the classification and evaluation stage. Evaluations were conducted by calculating recall, precision, F-measure, accuracy, and area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The results indicate that the classification accuracy of the adaptable near-synonym corpus proposed in the research exceeds that of static corpora when used in the fields of movie, leisure and travel, food, and cosmetics. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 58-58 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=020&rid=11023 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711023 Classification-JEL: C63 Keywords: Near-Synonym, Adaptive Corpus, Word of Mouth Classification Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711023 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Takayasu Ito Author-Name-First: Takayasu Author-Name-Last: Ito Author-Email: tito747@meiji.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Meiji University, Scool of Commerce Title: Monetary Policy Expectations and Money Market in Japan : Analysis of Non-traditional Monetary Policy Regimes Abstract: When the Bank of Japan (BOJ) adopts interest rate targeting under a comprehensive easing policy, the yield curve up to 12 months in the Japanese money market is driven by a single trend. It is caused by monetary policy expectations. The regime of interest rate targeting gives a sense of comfort to market participants that the regular transmission mechanism works in the yield curve of the money market. Thus, monetary policy expectations are fully transmitted to the yield curve end. On the other hand, monetary policy expectations are not fully transmitted to the yield curve end under either the quantitative and qualitative easing policy or the negative easing policy. The quantitative and qualitative easing policy and the negative interest rate policy paralyze the market function in the short-term money market. Central bankers should always keep it in mind that the transmission of interest rates along the yield curve is an integral part of the mechanism through which monetary policy affects the economy. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 59-59 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=021&rid=10640 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710640 Classification-JEL: E40, E58, G10 Keywords: Monetary Policy Expectations, Money Market, Non-traditional Monetary Policy Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Riyadh Jamegh Author-Name-First: Riyadh Author-Name-Last: Jamegh Author-Email: riyadh872005@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Baghdad goveroraten Author-Name: AllaEldin Kassam Author-Name-First: AllaEldin Author-Name-Last: Kassam Author-Email: Kassam@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Baghdad goveroraten Author-Name: Sawsan Sabih Author-Name-First: Sawsan Author-Name-Last: Sabih Author-Email: Sabih@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Baghdad goveroraten Title: Employment of advanced approach to control inventory level by monitoring Safety Stock in Supply Chain under Uncertain environment Abstract: In order to overcome uncertainty situation and inability to meet with customers' demand due to uncertainty, the organizations tend to keep a certain safety stock level. In this paper, the researcher used soft computing to identify optimal safety stock level (SSL), the fuzzy model uses dynamic concept to cope with high complexity environment status and control the inventory. The proposed approach deals with demand stability level, raw material availability level, and on hand inventory level by using fuzzy logic to obtain SSL. In this approach, demand stability, raw material, and on hand inventory are described linguistically and treated by inference rules of fuzzy model to extract best level of safety stock. The numerical dairy industry case study was applied with yogurt 200 gm cup product. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 60-73 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=022&rid=11585 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711585 Classification-JEL: C63 Keywords: Inventory optimization, soft computing, safety stock optimization, dairy industries, inventory optimization. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Thanatchon Jangkhum Author-Name-First: Thanatchon Author-Name-Last: Jangkhum Author-Email: jiravadeejan19@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Title: Behavior Tourism of Tourist Who come to 100 ? Year ? Old Samchuk Market for Tourist Purpose Suphanburi Province, Thailand Abstract: The purposes of this research has 2 objectives, Which are studying of Behavior Tourism and the factors that have impact on Tourist Who come to 100 ? Year ? Old Samchuk Market for Tourist Purpose. The research uses questionnaire to collect data from 400 Tourist. The data analysis methods which have been used in this research are percentage calculation, mean, standard deviation and the testing of relationship of variation factors by using Chi-square The results Behavior of Tourist to find that The percentage of female is 53% and male is 47% Tourist age between 50 ? 59 years old is 33.3% of tourist who have bachelor degree is 46.5%, unmarried is 50.8%, government official is 34.3%, travel with staff is 47.3, travel for tourist purpose seminar is 55.8%, impression in uniqueness of tourist site is 49.5%, money spending for tourist per time per person amount 1000 ? 2000 baht is 5.3%. The most popular goods is food and beverage is 60.8%. The percentage of most of the tourists who travel during weekend is 70.8%, of tourists who travel between January to March is 47.8%, of tourists who get information from friend is 42.8%, of tourists who want to re-visit 100 ? Year ? Old Samchuk Market is 53.5. The factors related to goods character, tourist designation places and tourist promotion package from the government have much influent on decision making of tourist to visit 100 ? Year ? Old Samchuk Market and the analysis of factors that have correlation with tourist behavior on money spending per time per person of tourist who visit 100 ? Year ? Old Samchuk Market The Gender, age, education level, married status, career, monthly income, goods character, tourist designation places and tourist promotion package from the government have related to with tourist behavior in term of money spending per time per person at the statistical significant at 0.05 level. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 74-83 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=023&rid=11354 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711354 Classification-JEL: A10, D03, D11 Keywords: Behavior Tourism, Samchuk Market, Spending Tourism Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SUMITTRA JIRAWUTTINAN Author-Name-First: SUMITTRA Author-Name-Last: JIRAWUTTINAN Author-Email: sumittra.j@acc.msu.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Mahasarakham Business School Title: The Impact of Social Capital Capabilities on Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand Abstract: The main aim of this study is to test the effect between social capital capabilities and SME performance via entrepreneurial capability as mediating variable on the relationship. The model is verified by collecting data from 340 small and medium enterprises in Thailand and mail survey questionnaire is used as instrument. The statistical analysis for testing the hypothesis is OLS multiple regression analysis. The results showed that four dimensions of social capital capabilities (network capability, trust, communication and collaboration) have positive effect on entrepreneurial capability and SME performance. All dimensions of social capital capabilities can explain predication of entrepreneurial capability at 40.70% and SME performance at 38.90 %. In addition, two independent variables such as trust and collaboration are fully support hypotheses. Overall, this study contributes to SME manager by exploring that social capital capabilities and entrepreneurial capability can be achieved SME performance Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 84-84 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=024&rid=11229 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711229 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Social Capital Capabilities; Entrepreneurial Capability; SME performance, Small and Medium Enterprises Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Young-Han Kim Author-Name-First: Young-Han Author-Name-Last: Kim Author-Email: kimyh@skku.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Sungkyunkwan University Author-Name: Hanjoon Jung Author-Name-First: Hanjoon Author-Name-Last: Jung Author-Email: junghanjoon73@hanmail.net Author-Workplace-Name: Tianjin University Title: Timing of Government Intervention and the Multiple Equilibria of Currency Crisis Abstract: This paper examines how currency crisis is affected by different timing of government intervention in the currency market. Since the seminal paper of Morris and Shin (1998), which shows that the self-fulfilling crisis can be avoided when noisy signals are considered, the conditions for the multiple equilibria have been widely studied. We contribute the studies by focusing on the timing of government intervention in the currency market. When the government intervenes in the market as a first mover, while speculators move as a second mover, the unique equilibrium of the currency market collapses since speculators can successfully coordinate after observing the government?s decisions. If the government moves as a second mover as in the case of Morris and Shin (1998), the unique equilibrium exists with noisy signals. When the government and speculators move simultaneously, there is no equilibrium with noisy information while there might be a unique equilibrium with perfect information. The results implicate that rash government intervention as a first mover might aggravate the currency crisis since the speculators have bigger opportunity for speculative coordination after observing the government?s action. The equilibria are also defined when the government intervention occurs in a repeated fashion, and the implications are discussed. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 85-85 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=025&rid=11341 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711341 Classification-JEL: F42, E61, P11 Keywords: Currency crises, government intervention timing, multiple equilibria, unique equilibrium in currency regime Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Youngsoo Kim Author-Name-First: Youngsoo Author-Name-Last: Kim Author-Email: ykim39@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Regina Author-Name: Jung Chul Park Author-Name-First: Jung Chul Author-Name-Last: Park Author-Email: jpark5@usf.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Florida Title: Presidential Power and Stock Returns Abstract: Recent studies highlight positive effect of political connections on firm performance and stock returns. This paper shows that the positive effect of political connections on the cross-sectional stock returns disappears in the weak presidency period, defined as the last two years before the presidential party change, or period of low job approval ratings. The extent of the presidential party?s control over the Congress does not affect our main result. The result is driven by small firms, who typically do not have financial resources to hedge away political risks, and by the firms located in the states where residents more strongly support the president. Additional test suggests that the industries that rely on heavy government expenditure use a variety of political strategies to maintain the value of their political capital even during the weak presidency period. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 86-86 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=026&rid=10820 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710820 Classification-JEL: G10, G11, G14 Keywords: Political geography; political connections; policy risk; returns; performance; Presidential Power; Presidential job approval rating Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ploychompoo Kittikunchotiwut Author-Name-First: Ploychompoo Author-Name-Last: Kittikunchotiwut Author-Email: ploychompoo.k@acc.msu.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Mahasarakham Business School Title: Role of Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership on Organization Innovation Abstract: This study investigates the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational innovation. The data were collected by using a questionnaire from 135 software industry in Thailand. We use structural equations modeling (SEM) to explore the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on a positive relationship between transformational leadership, organizational innovation directly and indirectly through the construct. The mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on a positive relationship between transactional leadership, organizational innovation directly and indirectly through the construct. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 87-87 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=027&rid=10470 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710470 Classification-JEL: L14, M10, O32 Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Innovation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pathompong Kookkaew Author-Name-First: Pathompong Author-Name-Last: Kookkaew Author-Email: kookkaew2526@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Title: Cost and Return on Investment from Rice RD41 Farming of the Farmers in Samchuk District, Suphanburi Province, Thailand Abstract: The purposes of this research study were 1) to study cost and return on investment from rice RD41 farming of the farmers in Samchuk district, Suphanburi province 2) to analyze cost and return on investment from rice RD41 farming of the farmers in this area. The sample of 10 farmers who were member of Samchuk Agricultural Cooperative having rice farms which the area between 10 to 50 rai, drawn by the method of purposive sampling because the management methods of rice farm did not different. The study was conducted by collecting data and analyzing the data obtained by in-depth interviews, the tool was interview questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using the following cost, profit, Net profit to cost ratio, Net profit to sales ratio, Return on investment and break-even point. Results of cost and return indicated that total average cost was 4,420.25 baht per rai, while average net profit was 1,209.86 per rai. Net profit to cost ratio was 26.37%, while net profit to sales ratio was 20.01%. Return on investment (ROI) was 22.54% and break-even point was 0.21 tons per rai. Cost of rice RD41 comprised 3 important costs which were 12.06% of raw material cost, 35.59% of labor cost and 52.35% of overhead cost. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 88-94 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=028&rid=11206 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711206 Classification-JEL: D24, M19, Q19 Keywords: Cost, Return, Ratio, Rice RD41, Rice cultivation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Brunela Kullolli Author-Name-First: Brunela Author-Name-Last: Kullolli Author-Email: brunela.kullolli@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ?Aleksander Moisiu? University of Durres Author-Name: Ilirjan Hysa Author-Name-First: Ilirjan Author-Name-Last: Hysa Author-Email: ilirjanhysa@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: I.S.K Law Firm Durres Title: Electoral Campaign Financing and Criminal Policy Abstract: Money is power, prestige and status in a society. In a democratic society, money-giving power can be as great as it can affect every aspect of society, especially in a state's policy. The power of money is even more powerful in countries where democracy is fragile. The money control power on political influence is weak in countries where democracy is not consolidated and in transitional societies. Through the present paper, I will contribute by analyzing the impact of money on the Albanian state politics, examined from the point of view of electoral financing as well as of political parties' and individuals' financing during the electoral campaigns.The first part will address and analyze the influence of money and electoral financing on the constitutional principles of the right to vote and on the right to a fair representation of the elected representatives in state institutions through the electoral elections. The present part is also on constitutional requirements for electoral and fair elections and on the principles of election campaigns.The second part will analyze the way of financing of the electoral subjects, the Albanian legal framework for financing political parties and individuals in electoral campaigns, and the legal framework of the Albanian political parties in the way of financing. It will also analyze the state mechanisms of the financial control of electoral campaigns, the illegal financing of election campaigns as well as the violation of the constitutional principles for free and fair elections.The third part will deal with and analyze the criminal policies in ensuring the principle of free and fair elections in the terms of unlawful campaign financing, the incriminating actions that affect the electoral elections in the Criminal Code, the incrimination of illegal financing of the subjects participating in campaigns and electoral elections, the criminal policy that the Albanian state should follow in preventing illegal financing and the due legal mechanisms for the financial control of the electoral campaign subjects.ConclusionsIllegal financing of the electoral campaigns is a current phenomenon of the Albanian society which leads to the incrimination of Albanian politics. The illegal financing of the subjects that participate in the electoral campaigns comes from the organized crime or from people with suspicion in criminal activities and this leads to the decision to give power to those who protect the interests of the latter and not the interests of the electorate or the democratic interests of a state.The intensification of the fight against illegal financing in electoral campaigns has created not only the full legal framework for the prevention of illegal financing, but also mechanisms in practice for the implementation not only of the law, but also for the practical prevention of uncontrolled financing of electoral subjects.The imposition of harsh criminal policies on the illicit financing of electoral campaigns and the revision of the Criminal Code in incriminating all illegal anti-trust actions that affect free and fair elections may be the most important step towards combating illegal funding of electoral campaigns. Illegal financing of electoral campaigns in Albania calls into question free and fair elections and discusses the fundamental principles of representation of political entities in governmental institutions so intervention in law and criminal policy is current and immediate. Length: 2 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 95-96 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=029&rid=11415 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711415 Classification-JEL: K14 Keywords: Money, electoral campaigns, unlawful financing, criminal policy, legal mechanisms. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hung-Chang Liao Author-Name-First: Hung-Chang Author-Name-Last: Liao Author-Email: hcliao@csmu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Chung-Shan Medical University; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Author-Name: Cheng-Ming Chang Author-Name-First: Cheng-Ming Author-Name-Last: Chang Author-Email: ming@mail.ilosh.gov.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Labor, Occupational safety and health, Ministry of Labor Author-Name: Ya-huei Wang Author-Name-First: Ya-huei Author-Name-Last: Wang Author-Email: yhuei@csmu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Chung-Shan Medical University; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Title: The exploration of occupational safety and health in the manufacturing industries of Taiwan Abstract: The paper intended to understand the potentials for improving the existing occupational safety and health management in Taiwan?s manufacturing industries. Domestic manufacturing industries have mainly focused on the production management system and the pursuit of profits. Therefore, the management system has not been perfect and hence more likely to increase permanent disabilities, deaths, or economic losses. The study examined the major difficulties the manufacturing industries faced while promoting occupational safety and health in order to find a solution to address the difficulties. The study used the technique of panel discussion to examine and reflect over the core issues. The results show that the biggest problems of occupational safety and health are the indifference and lack of support from employers and workers? misunderstanding about occupational safety and health. The research suggests some recommendations for the government including how to operate, how to revise occupational safety and health act, and how to research to enhance occupational safety and health management. The results of this study not only supply the Ministry of Labor (Taiwan) to plan the strategies of occupational safety and health management but also help the employers and employees improve occupational safety and health management in workplace in order to prevent the occurrence of occupational accidents. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 97-97 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=030&rid=11267 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711267 Classification-JEL: Keywords: occupational safety and health, occupational disabilities, manufacturing industries, occupational accidents Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yun-Hsien Diana LIN Author-Name-First: Yun-Hsien Diana Author-Name-Last: LIN Author-Email: yunslin@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National Tsing Hua University Author-Name: Daw-Wei Wang Author-Name-First: Daw-Wei Author-Name-Last: Wang Author-Email: yunhsien0720@yahoo.com.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Tsing Hua University Title: Judicial Decisions on Post-divorce Child Custody?from the Perspective of Empirical Legal Studies Abstract: The doctrine of the "best interests of the child" is the primary consideration for family court judges in making post-divorce custody decisions. However, a precise understanding of the "best interests" standard remains elusive. As Article 1055-1 of Civil Code requires judges in Taiwan to consider factors such as the age, gender, health condition and wish of the child, the character, occupation, financial condition and life style of the parents, the judge still has a wide range of discretion to reach the final decision. This article therefore aims to clarify: among the key factors, which ones take top priority in child custody decisions? Do judges in Taiwan generally favor father or mother after considering these factors? And when facts are properly gathered, is it possible to predict judicial decisions by computer algorithms?To answer the questions, over two thousands child custody cases are examined and features are labeled, then natural language processing (NLP) is employed to classify and analyze these decisions to make reliability assessments. Although this article is a work in progress, it discusses the preliminary results of an ongoing four-year research project supported by Taiwan Ministry of Technology. It is expected that with the help of NLP and descriptive statistics, the findings of this research will help to deliver a more predictable outcome for custody disputes. Moreover, the established judicial database can be a useful source toward a better understanding of judicial behavior. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 98-98 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=031&rid=11618 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711618 Classification-JEL: Keywords: best interests of the child, child custody, empirical legal studies, judicial behavior, judicial decision prediction Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: KUNLI LIN Author-Name-First: KUNLI Author-Name-Last: LIN Author-Email: kllin@fcu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Feng Chia University Title: Ownership structure, political uncertainty and bank stock prices informativeness Abstract: This paper examines the relation between ownership structure and bank stock price informativeness across 59 countries over the period 2002?2014. We also evaluate how political uncertainty affects the impact of bank ownership on informative stock prices. Using a regression?s R-squared value of individual stock returns on market and industry indexes to gauge bank informative stock prices, we find evidence that more state-owned banks located in developing countries tend to have higher synchronous, i.e., lower informative, stock prices than their domestic private-owned and foreign-owned banks. The paper finds no strong correlation between ownership and stock price informativeness for banks located in developed countries. With respect to the impact of politics, we find that in developing countries political uncertainty dampens bank informative stock prices during election years, whereas in developed countries elections do not affect the stock price informativeness. Next, in order to test whether the differential in informative stock prices between state-owned banks and non-state banks is driven by political uncertainty, the paper checks whether this differential widens during election years; it finds strong support for this conjecture. The impact of elections on the relation between bank ownership and stock price informativeness also varies with different legal origins and political systems. These findings suggest that the political channel plays an important role in determining the expropriation behavior of government controlling shareholders, especially in developing countries. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 99-99 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=032&rid=11223 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711223 Classification-JEL: G14, G15 Keywords: Ownership structure; political uncertainty; stock prices informativeness Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hsiu-Hsi Liu Author-Name-First: Hsiu-Hsi Author-Name-Last: Liu Author-Email: hsiuhsi@mail.naer.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Academy for Educational Research Author-Name: Yu-Chuan Chen Author-Name-First: Yu-Chuan Author-Name-Last: Chen Author-Email: a04001@ntnu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Taiwan Normal University Title: Intellectual Capital and Research Performance of Universities in Taiwan Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to examine the concept of Intellectual capital in higher education institutions/universities, justify its importance and its impact on their research output and performance. This study analyzes the impact of Intellectual Capital on university research performance in Taiwan and also compares the intellectual capital of two selected universities. This is an important study of the intellectual research area because the growing interest in intellectual capital has been extended from the firms to higher education institutions during the last decade. The major function of a university is exploring and transmitting knowledge which is acquired through research and education. Therefore assessing university research performance and its intellectual capital is a complex and critical issue. Furthermore intellectual capital has become a major driver for sustainable competitive advantage in all the organizations. A literature review is used to describe the intellectual capital, its components and research performance of the universities; it also highlighted the researchers? contributions in this area of study. The study uses exploratory approach to develop the conceptual model and raised these research questions with respect to it; Is there a significant impact of intellectual capital and its components on research performance of the university?, which university NTU or NCKU has the greater intellectual capital. These research questions were investigated through empirical research using a case study approach on two large general public sectors universities in Taiwan i.e. NTU and NCKU. Secondary data was used and collected for the study. Descriptive, Ratio and correlation analysis were used to study the intellectual capital of the universities and its impact on their research performance. Our descriptive and Ratio analysis found that NTU has higher and positive values in the all indicators of human, structural and relational capital, which shows that NTU has greater intellectual capital than the NCKU. The results of these techniques also showed that intellectual capital has a significant impact on research performance of the university in general. According to the findings all the components of intellectual capital also has a significant impact on research performance of the university, although human capital was ranked first and most important, followed by structural capital while relational capital ranked last among the components. Additionally the effect of human capital was most influential whereas relational capital did not have a significant impact. The results of this study are useful for the Universities to understand the value of their intellectual capital and exploit them for innovations and efficiency augmentation. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 100-100 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=033&rid=10466 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710466 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, Structural capital, Relational capital, Research performance Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Joăo Lopes Author-Name-First: Joăo Author-Name-Last: Lopes Author-Email: jcflopes@iseg.ulisboa.pt Author-Workplace-Name: ISEG/UECE - University of Lisbon Title: Labour Productivity, Wages and Functional Distribution of Income in Portugal: A Sectoral Approach Abstract: This paper studies the evolution of the functional distribution of income in Portugal. The changes in the labour share of income result from two important trends, namely the evolutions of labour productivity and the average wage. And the global trends of these variables at the national level are a weighted average of the corresponding trends in the different sectors or industries, each one with its own peculiarities and deserving an attentive analysis. All these trends are quantified and explained, using several databases covering the Portuguese case in a long run period, 1953-2017 (EU- KLEMS, OECD- STAN, INE-Contas Nacionais; Banco de Portugal-Séries Longas; Ministério do Trabalho-Quadros de Pessoal). Particular attention is given to the Mixed Income problem, adjusting the Labour Share with the (imputed) labour component of the self-employed workers? income. The consequences of wage inequalities are also taken into account, calculating the (adjusted) labour share of the so-called ?tipical workers?, those of the (99%, 95% or 90%) bottom scale of the wage distribution. At the sectoral level, by means of a shift share analysis, the absolute change in the labour share is divided into two components, the ?within industries? effect (changes in the labour share of each sector) and the ?between industries? effect (changes in the gross value added relative weight of each sector). Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 101-101 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=034&rid=10898 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710898 Classification-JEL: D33 Keywords: Labour productivity; Average Wages; Factor income distribution; Wage inequalities; Industries; Portugal Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: JASSODRA Maharaj Author-Name-First: JASSODRA Author-Name-Last: Maharaj Author-Email: j.maharaj@uel.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON Title: An analysis into FDI as a contributor of growth and development in a group of a selected set of countries from Asia, Africa and South America Abstract: Both the flow and stock of FDI grew very rapidly in the first part of the twentieth century but this was no match to the growth in FDI after the 2nd World War. It is without doubt that the main mechanism of interconnectedness in the global economy has shifted from trade to FDI which has spread rapidly throughout the world dominating a wide range of industries. One of the most controversial issues is whether Foreign Direct Investment is beneficial to countries. Supporters of FDI (Rodrik, 2000) emphasize that growth is enhanced in the host country as FDI enables technology diffusion, enhances employment of human capital and allows host countries to gain access to wider global markets. On the other hand there is a substantial body of literature which emphasizes that FDI creates hardly any benefits to the host nation. It is often argued that the presence of plentiful and cheap labour is the main reason for attracting FDI. This study attempts to investigate whether FDI contributes to growth in a selected group of countries from Asia, Africa and South America using a panel data analysis. A panel data analysis is conducted for 12 countries in order to examine the effects of FDI, employment, and investment formation (lagged) on economic growth. The data for all variables are from the period from 1977 to 2016. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 102-102 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=035&rid=11351 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711351 Classification-JEL: F21, F23, F29 Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, growth, technology, panel Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: PADHMA MOODLEY Author-Name-First: PADHMA Author-Name-Last: MOODLEY Author-Email: padhmam@dut.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Title: The adoption of social media by adult learners as an e-learning platform Abstract: Recent technological developments have increased the platforms and capacity for learning at HEIs. Whilst the adoption of web 2.0 tools by undergraduates continues to be a focus in e-learning discourse, attention should be given to adult learners who are forced to adapt to the spate of technologically innovative educational practices. This paper, explores the experience of adult learners use of social media which is used as an e-learning platform for a course in Research Methodology (RMBA 201). A Facebook page was set up and monitored for the duration of the course which was regularly updated with course slides (in the form of videos) and notifications. Non-probability sampling technique was used in the selection of the sample. Only adult learners? who accessed the prescribed social media designed for the course were eligible to participate in this study. This meant that purposive sampling was used to generate the desired sample. Fifty seven adult learners completed a closed ended questionnaire. The study reveals that although the adult learners were slow to grasp the concept of social media as an e-learning platform, their interest grew exponentially week on week. Furthermore, the test periods saw immense activity from adult learners on the social media, which was indicative of the social media?s usefulness as an e-learning platform. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 103-103 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=036&rid=11484 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711484 Classification-JEL: Keywords: social media; e-learning; adult learners; diffusion of innovation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Hairong Mu Author-Name-First: Hairong Author-Name-Last: Mu Author-Email: hmu@harper-adams.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Harper Adams University Title: The influence of environment regulation on marine economy efficiency: evidence from China Abstract: With the depletion of terrestrial resources and the development of marine science and technology, marine economy has become a new growth pole in the world economic development. After more than ten years of hard work, many coastal areas have seen significant improvements in their ecological environment. As an important marine country, China is not an exception. To analyze the influence of eco-environment governance policies on marine economy, this paper quantifies the relationship between environmental regulation and marine economic efficiency for 11 provinces (or municipalities) in China's coastal areas. The Super-Efficiency Slacks-Based Measure (SE-SBM) model is used to illustrate the marine economic efficiency considering undesired outputs. The results of the system Generalized Moment Method (GMM) regression support a U-shaped relationship between the two variables, with one threshold effect of the environmental regulation intensity. It is also verified the implementation of the environmental regulation policy has a time-lag effect. During the process of implementation, industrial structure optimization, scientific and technological innovation have different impacts on marine economy. The paper concludes with detailed explanation for the effects of environmental regulation and policy on marine economy development in China. Policymakers can use these insights to formulate appropriate environment policies that aim to realize marine ecological civilization. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 104-104 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=037&rid=11339 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711339 Classification-JEL: E60, K32, Q00 Keywords: environmental regulation; marine economic efficiency; threshold effect Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Abay Mulatu Author-Name-First: Abay Author-Name-Last: Mulatu Author-Email: abay.mulatu@coventry.ac.uk Author-Workplace-Name: Coventry University Title: On measures of the stringency of environmental policy Abstract: Adequately measuring the stringency of national environmental regulation is a crucial issue in the empirical literature on the link between environmental policy and economic performance such as productivity, export competitiveness and foreign investment flows. As Levinson (2008, p. 1) argues, ?The problem is not merely one of collecting the appropriate data; merely conceiving of data that would represent it is difficult?. The empirical literature on the link between environmental regulation and economic outcomes contains various proxies of stringency of environmental regulation. The divergent nature of these proxies is arguably a major factor for the mixed evidence witnessed in this literature (Millimet and Roy 2016 ; Mulatu 2017 , 2018 ). The construction or use of the various measures of stringency is seldom preceded by a discussion of what exactly stringency is. In this paper, we develop a simple analytical model ? based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve ? that captures the idea of relative stringency as a differential preference with respect to the environment. The model serves as a general framework to estimate a measure of national environmental standards for a selected group of countries. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 105-105 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=038&rid=11118 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8911118 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Environmental-Regulation, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Co2 emissions Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8911118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamas Nakwong Author-Name-First: Benjamas Author-Name-Last: Nakwong Author-Email: penda_sky@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi. Title: Job Performance Motivation of Employees Case study of ABC Co., Ltd. Suphanburi, Thailand Abstract: The objective is to study the motivation level of the employees of ABC Company Limited and compare personal factors and motivation of employees of ABC Company Limited. The equipment is a questionnaire, a sample group of 200 people and statistics used in data analysis: frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and value measurement result of T-Test and F-Test. According to the study, it has been found that work motivation level of employees stays at a moderate level in all 3 factors: working environment, income and growth at work. The hypothesis test results show that the different age, income, years of job experience can cause significantly different work motivation (p<0.05) and different gender and education level have no significant effect on work motivation of employees (p>0.05). Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 106-112 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=039&rid=11430 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711430 Classification-JEL: O15, M54, L20 Keywords: Job Performance, Employee, Motivation Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bajrawan NUCHPRAYOOL Author-Name-First: Bajrawan Author-Name-Last: NUCHPRAYOOL Author-Email: nuchprayool@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Development Administration Author-Name: Banjerd SINGKANETI Author-Name-First: Banjerd Author-Name-Last: SINGKANETI Author-Email: nuchprayool@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Development Administration Title: ASEAN Economic Development: Impacts and Adaptation for Thai Local Administrative Organizations Abstract: Economic development is influenced by domestic development and international obligations. Local administrative organizations may have to bear the effects of various aspects of economic development. Current fundamental problems concerning the role, power and duties of the Local administrative organizations result from the separation of governance to the central, the regional, and the local administrative organizations. Local administrative organizations are again divided into provincial administrative organizations, municipalities, and sub-district administrative organizations. The fundamental issues concerning Thai governance, especially in any specific province, is the separation of roles, powers, duties, budget, and personnel of organizations in a manner in which they are dispersed through the various governmental offices at the department level based on their missions and duties. Concurrently, the administration at local levels has overlapping jurisdiction between provincial administrative organizations and the municipality, and sub-district administrative organizations. The nature of these problematic issues is one that currently exists; however, another dimension is the state of global transformation which poses an additional challenge for the role, power, and duties of Local administrative organizations. This study aims at examining the impacts and adaptation for Thai local administrative organizations resulting from the economic development of ASEAN. The study is separated into three parts: 1) Thailand and economic development in ASEAN; 2) the impact of the local administrative organization toward economic development and 3) analysis and recommendations for Thai local administrative organizations. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 113-121 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=040&rid=11063 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 9011063 Classification-JEL: K23, K19, L38 Keywords: local administrative organization, local governance, Economic Development, ASEAN Economic Community Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:9011063 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: TUGBA OZISIK Author-Name-First: TUGBA Author-Name-Last: OZISIK Author-Email: tugbaaozisik@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ISTANBUL KULTUR UNIVERSITY Title: Opinions and Expectations of Students of Economics in a Turkish University Abstract: With a population of more than 80 million, Turkey has a great number of young people wishing to get a university degree and have an edge in the competition for a job. However, to what extent they have a clear idea about the department they choose is a question mark. This study focuses on the opinions of 3rd grade university students in the Department of Economics at ?stanbul Kültür University. It aims to compare the motivational factors through which these students decided to study Economics with their current points of view about this field of study. It also analyzes students? career expectations and beliefs about job opportunities after graduation. In order to gather data, students were given questionnaires and a descriptive analysis was carried out. In addition, a focus group meeting with the students was organized. Common themes emerged from the transcriptions of the meeting were supported by students? actual sentences. Findings reveal that a surprising number of students have different ideas from the time they started studying Economics, both from positive to negative and negative to positive, which might suggest that during the critical phase of choosing a career path, most students are not fully aware of what is waiting for them. Moreover, almost two thirds of the students do not have high hopes of getting a decent job due to the nonstable economy and the problem of unemployment in the country. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 122-122 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=041&rid=11047 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711047 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Keywords: Higher Education, Student Opinions, Career Expectations. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711047 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: CEM OZISIK Author-Name-First: CEM Author-Name-Last: OZISIK Author-Email: cemozisik@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: ISTANBUL KULTUR UNIVERSITY Title: Teacher Candidates ? The Sooner The Better? Abstract: Considering the teacher training undergraduate programs prepared by Turkish Board of Higher Education, students in English Language Teaching departments in Turkey do not have a chance to experience a real classroom setting until they take the course titled ?Teaching Practice?, which is offered in the final - 4th - year. With the belief that theory must be simultaneously supported with practice, an innovative approach is used in the Department of English Language Teaching (ELT) in the Education Faculty of ?stanbul Kültür University (IKU), where teacher candidates start getting first-hand experience from the very beginning ? the 1st year. This study evaluates this approach, comprised of four steps, which enable students to get engaged in real life classroom and teaching settings as well as gaining hands-on experience. Carried out with a qualitative aspect, the study went on for three years involving the current 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students in the ELT department. After each step; namely, ?classroom observation, teacher interviews, school visits, and actual teaching?, three research questions were asked: ?How was your experience??, ?What did you learn??, ?In what way do you think this experience will contribute to you as a future teacher?? Feedback was received from the students in the form of written reflection reports and transcriptions of focus group meetings held regularly in groups of 10-15 on a voluntary basis. Common themes about each step were sorted out from the data and supported by actual words of students. The findings suggest that these four steps contribute to teacher candidates? attitudes towards teaching profession in that they start to internalize what they learn theoretically and will probably end up forming their own teaching philosophy thanks to a great variety of input they receive throughout this process. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 123-123 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=042&rid=10979 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710979 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: Teacher Training, Teacher Candidates, Real Classroom Settings, Hands-on Experience. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Palavicini Author-Name-First: Gabriela Author-Name-Last: Palavicini Author-Email: gpalavicini@tec.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Tecnológico de Monterrey Title: Democracy and inequality: The case of Mexico Abstract: Democracy and inequality: The case of MexicoIt might seem contradictory to talk about democracy and inequality. We cannot forget that one of the principles defining a democratic regime is equality. Nevertheless, history shows that in many democratic States, at least in their definition, inequality remains a challenge and at the same time and in consequence, to keep democracy or consolidate it are challenges too. This paper would try to respond to this research question: how inequalities impact the quality of democracy in the Mexican case?.We choose that country because it has been considered, theoretically speaking, a democratic regime since 1917, and a young democratic regime in its practice since 2000, but the quality of its practice remains poor without being able to talk about its consolidation in terms of Schmitter. Another characteristic of that country is its economic, social, and political gaps among citizens. How can democracy remain in a country where people are living with food, housing, and educational shortcomings? Has democracy allowed those inequalities? What has been the price that democracy has paid for keeping those inequalities? Are those inequalities that allow the political regime to be in place? These are some of the questions to be answered. Our work hypothesis is that the social and economic inequalities have damaged the quality of democracy. They delay its consolidation, with consequences reflected in poor citizenship participation in State?s affairs, since it presents difficulties to improve active citizenship, because of the conditions of some people, making them unable to be considered as agents in their State and the decisions-making process. We would also consider how identity, inclusion and recognition are taking place in Mexico and how could those elements take place to improve democracy, increase social cohesion and reduce insecurity, illegal practices and violations to human rights. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 124-124 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=043&rid=10527 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710527 Classification-JEL: Y80, H70 Keywords: inequality, democracy, exclusión, citizenship Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Soobramoney Penceliah Author-Name-First: Soobramoney Author-Name-Last: Penceliah Author-Email: pencelid@dut.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Durban University of Technology Author-Name: Freedom Clement Vezi Author-Name-First: Freedom Clement Author-Name-Last: Vezi Author-Email: thabanemthabela@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Durban University of Technology Title: The influence of marketing communication on students' decisions to enrol at Technical Vocational Education and Training Colleges Abstract: Marketing higher education is a growing field of expertise in many developing countries. However, little research has been done on marketing Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges in South Africa. Evidence suggests that it may suffer from a lack of expertise to provide direction to the practical aspects of marketing TVET Colleges. Most of the marketing practices of Higher Education are underdeveloped and lack a strategic focus when it comes to Technical Vocational Education and Training. For TVET Colleges marketing communication plays an important role in students' recruitment.The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of marketing communication towards students' decision to enrol at Technical Vocational Education and Training Colleges. The study was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where the targeted TVET colleges are based. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study conducted among a sample of 400 TVET College students.The results of this study reveal the need for marketing communication in TVET Colleges to be addressed urgently in order to improve public perception and enrolment rates at TVET Colleges. Both the students and TVET Colleges will benefit from the study because marketing and communication as a source of information will assist when selecting a college of choice. In addition, this will assist TVET Colleges in the selection of appropriate marketing communication media to enable proper allocation of marketing budget and resources.The findings of this study will then act as guidelines to determine a more appropriate marketing communication strategy to improve the public perceptions of TVET Colleges to make TVET Colleges a students' first choice. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 125-125 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=044&rid=11492 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711492 Classification-JEL: Keywords: TVET Colleges, student perception, marketing communication Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Eryka Probierz Author-Name-First: Eryka Author-Name-Last: Probierz Author-Email: erykaprobierz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Silesian University of Technology Author-Name: Wojciech Sikora Author-Name-First: Wojciech Author-Name-Last: Sikora Author-Email: sikorawojciech20@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Silesian University of Technology Title: Using text mining in social science - tweet analysis of generation Y and Z. Abstract: Millennials are a generation of people born in the eighth and ninth decades of the twentieth century. They are also called the digital generation. Around this generation, as well as the previous age formation (eg baby boomers), many stereotypes have been created to give certain characteristics to a given population. Millennials are often referred to as the "global village", with a high level of self-confidence, caring for the quality of life and further development. Generaration Z is demographic cohort born after millennials, they have Internet even before they were born. Poster aims to present research in the area of ??text exploration analysis. There are 400 tweets in English, marked with hashtags: #millenials, #genY, #millenial, #genZ, #iGen, #postMillenial. An analysis of the mutual understanding of the phrases and phrases. Selected tweets have been published in January 2018. The obtained data are to serve as a confirmation or denial of the popularly generated stereotypes about both generations, and indicate the main areas of difficulty faced by representatives of this age groups. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 126-126 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=045&rid=11605 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711605 Classification-JEL: C51, E21, C81 Keywords: text mining, social science, millenials, generation Z, tweet analysis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pitan Sanpakdee Author-Name-First: Pitan Author-Name-Last: Sanpakdee Author-Email: pitan1990@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Thailand. Title: Cost and Return on Investment from Laying Ducks Farming of the Farmers in Bangplama District, Suphanburi Province, Thailand Abstract: The purposes of this research study were 1) to study cost and return on investment from laying ducks Farming of the Farmers in Bang pla ma district, Suphanburi province 2) to analyze cost and return on investment from laying ducks Farming. The sample of 16 farmers drawn by the method of purposive sampling. The study was conducted by collecting data and analyzing the data obtained by in-depth interviews, the tool was interview questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using the following cost, profit, Net profit to cost ratio, Net profit to sales ratio, Return on investment and break-even point. Results of cost and return indicated that total average cost was 1,609.28 baht per duck, while average net profit was 325.68 baht per duck. Net profit to cost ratio was 20.24%, while net profit to sales ratio was 6.83%. Return on investment (ROI) was 19.97% and break-even point was 152 eggs per duck. Cost of laying ducks comprised 3 important costs which were 8.17% of raw material cost, 4.17% of labor cost and 87.66% of overhead cost. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 127-133 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=046&rid=11358 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711358 Classification-JEL: D24, M19, Q19 Keywords: Cost, Return, Ratio, laying ducks, Duck raising Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Zeev Shtudiner Author-Name-First: Zeev Author-Name-Last: Shtudiner Author-Email: zeevs@ariel.ac.il Author-Workplace-Name: Ariel University Title: Holiday gift-giving - is there a deadweight loss or a welfare gain? Abstract: For macro-economists, the importance of holiday gift-giving is the effect of spending on the macro economy. However, for micro-economists, gift-giving has a different important aspect. The choices of purchasing are made by someone other than the recipient, the final consumer. Recipients sometimes receive gifts they do not like because the giver does not really know with any degree of accuracy the recipients' preferences. Such gifts are welfare reducing (deadweight loss) compared to giving cash. The cost of the gift is higher than its value to the recipient. In this study, we examine whether purchasing holiday gifts in Israel leads to welfare gains or deadweight losses. We also explored how the relationship type (family, social, workplace) affects the difference between the costs and values of gifts. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 134-134 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=047&rid=11256 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711256 Classification-JEL: D12, Z13, A13 Keywords: Deadweight loss; Gift giving; Market failure Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Simonet Author-Name-First: Daniel Author-Name-Last: Simonet Author-Email: dsimonet@aus.edu Author-Workplace-Name: American University of Sharjah Title: Market Reforms in the French Health Care System: Between Regulation and Yardstick Competition Abstract: French cost-containment measures that traditionally consisted of price-control and a reduction in health care benefits have had a limited impact on the growth of health expenditures. Though the government pledged to cut the public deficit from 7.7% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 to 3% by 2013, thereby responding to EU Normative power (Diez, 2013), health expenditures continue to rise, since public demands are higher and more social problems are handled in the health care setting. With French budget deficit threatening France?s credit rating, and therefore its membership within the EEC, novel instruments were needed. These included corporate management recipes (e.g. pay for performance contracts, patient volume targets, management by objectives, strict medical reviews and guidelines), new compensation mechanisms (e.g. activity-based accounting; a nationwide scale of health care costs) and far-reaching laws (e.g. the 2009 HPST bill). In the restructuring of health services, a French welfare elite pursued a hybrid strategy, regulating quasi-markets of care providers while creating supportive conditions for a vibrant private hospital sector and endeavored to streamline the delivery - rather than the financing - of health services. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 135-135 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=048&rid=10938 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710938 Classification-JEL: A00 Keywords: Administrative Reform; Health Care; Public Private Partnership; Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710938 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Spyridon Spyrou Author-Name-First: Spyridon Author-Name-Last: Spyrou Author-Email: sspyrou@aueb.gr Author-Workplace-Name: Athens University of Economics & Business Title: Valuation Ratio Style Investing and Economic Sentiment in Eurozone Markets Abstract: This paper explores the role of sentiment in style investing for a sample of eight Eurozone markets and makes a distinction between fundamentals-driven sentiment and sentiment based on non-fundamental information. We find that style returns are not stable overtime: on average, value portfolios tend to outperform growth portfolios, however, during financial crises the effect is either reversed or disappears. We also find that sentiment has a more significant effect on portfolio returns during financial crises. For example, for Germany during the US financial crisis, the variance of fundamental sentiment accounts for 19.65% of the value portfolio variance and the variance of non-fundamental sentiment for a further 24.67%. These results are robust to the choice of valuation ratios in defining investment style. Impulse Response Functions from a Panel Var model indicate that, on average, a shock to non-fundamentals driven sentiment has a negative effect on portfolio returns while a shock to fundamentals driven sentiment has a positive effect on returns. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 136-136 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=049&rid=10715 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710715 Classification-JEL: G11, G12 Keywords: Style Investing, Valuation Ratios, Sentiment, Financial Crisis Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dalia Staniuleviciene Author-Name-First: Dalia Author-Name-Last: Staniuleviciene Author-Email: d.staniuleviciene@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Appleby House, Care UK Author-Name: Roy Vassell Author-Name-First: Roy Author-Name-Last: Vassell Author-Email: royvassell@talktalk.net Author-Workplace-Name: Appleby House, Care UK Title: The Book of My Life Story: a Way to Create Connections for Residents in a British Residential Home Abstract: The Book of My Life Story is a good way to make connections for the residents. It helps them to understand about their life style, hobbies, and professional experience. Memories about their past also help them to adapt in a residential home. Though the reminiscences day by day become greyer and some of them disappear, opening the Books of My Life Story, residents may remember what makes feel them more fulfilled and happier. Some memories may be sad, but that is also part of their life and helps them to go forward.The Book of My Life Story is a symbolic bridge to the residents? hearts and minds. While talking with the carers and residents? families they agreed that the Book of My Life Story is a very positive thing, encouraging connections with the ones they care about. The results of the qualitative research show that each part of the book is very important. The results stress that such records about their life before coming to the residential home, as well as the records about everyday life in the residential home, are useful for finding ways to communicate and cooperate with the residents.Talking about the Book of My Life Story, positive emotions were stressed more often than negative ones. This means that this book is very useful in everyday life, trying to see the full picture of residents? lives. This helps carers to work in a person-centred way and to give the best services to the residents. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 137-145 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=050&rid=10960 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710960 Classification-JEL: Keywords: dementia, memories, my life story, person - centred care, residential home Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710960 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Pornlapas Suwannarat Author-Name-First: Pornlapas Author-Name-Last: Suwannarat Author-Email: pornlapas.s@mbs.msu.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Mahasarakham University Title: Effects of Hofstede?s Cultural Factors and Commitment on IJV Performance in ASEAN Country of Thailand Abstract: This study focuses on the effect of Hofstede?s cultural characteristics and commitment on international joint ventures (IJVs) performance in the Southeast Asian country context. The study has been provided the unpublished database of international joint venture (IJV) firms operating in Thailand from Thailand Board of Investment. The mail survey via questionnaire has been used as data collection method to obtain data from 89 target respondents, IJV managers. OLS regression is the main data analysis method of the study. The results indicate that all Hofstede?s cultural characteristics of IJV managers have no direct significant effect on awareness of IJV importance, but individualism and power distance have been found the significant effect on commitment. Uncertainty avoidance and power distance directly and positively impact on team performance. Interestingly, power distance has negatively effect on the IJV performance. In addition, the study can find the partial mediating effect of awareness of IJV importance mediating the association between Hofstede?s cultural characteristics and commitment, however, the moderating role of team commonality cannot be found. These results suggest that effective IJV managers have to effectively and efficiently manage the relationships, attempt to boost the commitment and the awareness of IJV importance, and robustly synergize the strengths among managers that come from different cultural background in order to successfully create better coordination and performance for organization. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 146-146 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=051&rid=11468 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711468 Classification-JEL: M16, M14, Z10 Keywords: Hofstede?s Cultural Dimension, Commitment, Top Management Team, Strategic Alliances, International Joint Ventures Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: JITPANAT SUWANTHEP Author-Name-First: JITPANAT Author-Name-Last: SUWANTHEP Author-Email: jitpanat@g.sut.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Suranaree University of Technology Author-Name: Fangfang Wang Author-Name-First: Fangfang Author-Name-Last: Wang Author-Email: fangfang@g.sut.ac.th Author-Workplace-Name: Suranaree University of Technology Title: The material development of EFL vocabulary learning via constructivism-based mobile application Abstract: The study aims at developing EFL vocabulary learning mobile application to enhance students? vocabulary knowledge and retention. The researcher attempted to develop the mobile application based on constructivism theory to learn vocabulary. The application consists 3 parts: Preview, Review 1 and Review 2. The participants were 20 second-year students at Suranaree University of Technology, in Thailand. The application is developed based on Cordova hybrid apps framework and standard web technologies (HTML5, JavaScript and CSS). The vocabulary pretests, post-tests and delayed post-tests, student questionnaires and interviews are employed to collect data. Based on the case study, the results show the constructivism-based vocabulary learning mobile application has positive effects on improving students? vocabulary in terms of vocabulary knowledge and retention; and students express positive opinions towards the implementation of the mobile application. The study concludes with the positive outcomes in further develop the learning application for EFL vocabulary learning. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 147-158 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=052&rid=10930 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710930 Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: MALL, constructivism, EFL vocabulary learning Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710930 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Boldizsár Szentgáli-Tóth Author-Name-First: Boldizsár Author-Name-Last: Szentgáli-Tóth Author-Email: totboldi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eotvos Loránd University Title: Local referendum: The perspectives of a forgotten legal instrument Abstract: Direct democracy is generally represented by national referenda, when the whole population of a country could decide on a particular matter, or could express an opinion. However, in most of the democratic countries, the local communities, regions or townships have also the right to hold referenda from local issues, such as the planned construction of new industrial facilities, or from investments with remarkable environmental impact. These referenda are subject to similar legal framework, than national referenda, but their inherent character is different: this local legal instrument does not constitute essentially the expression of the popular sovereignty, but it creates a tool for the citizens to participate at the self-governance of the local community. Due to this ambiguity, local referenda shall be distinguished clearly from the national level of direct democracy: the legal background, the special campaign, and the remedies of local referenda shall be analysed in depth. Moreover, to outline the different models in this regard, a comparative research would be also crucial to provide an overarching picture from local referenda across Europe.As the outcome of our research, we would provide a deeper understanding of local referendum as an underestimated instrument of direct democracy, and we would conceptualize, how this constitutionally acknowledged legal framework could serve the interest of the citizens and the local communities more efficiently. For this purpose, certain points would be highlighted for consideration for future constitution-making processes. Our research would cover a field, which has been little researched, and it would be based on three strands of literature, which has been rarely used by this integrated manner. Firstly, we would rely on contributions from direct democracy, which give us some sense from the general character of this forgotten legal instrument. Secondly, the literature from the self-governance would be also referred, as local referenda shall be evaluated primarily within this concept. Thirdly, sources directly linked to local referendum would be also revealed from various European countries, where this concept plays a significant role to decide particular issues. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 159-159 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=053&rid=10867 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710867 Classification-JEL: K00, K10, K39 Keywords: ReferendumDirect democracySelf-governancePopular participationConstitutional law Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710867 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: CHIA WEI TANG Author-Name-First: CHIA WEI Author-Name-Last: TANG Author-Email: barrytang@mail.nsysu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Sun Yat-Sen University Title: The Role of Graduate Students? Learning Strategies in Reducing Their English Medium Instruction Avoidance: The Mediation Effect of Language Anxiety Abstract: In Asia, in order to keep up with internationalisation, the English-Medium Instruction (EMI) course has become a phenomenon in higher education. In turn, EMI literature has increasingly focused on the role of instructor?s pedagogy in reducing students? negative response to EMI courses. Additionally, we further explore, from the students? perspective, whether students can reduce their anxiety about learning in English by adopting varied learning strategies while reducing their avoidance of EMI courses. A questionnaire survey was conducted in spring 2018; 208 postgraduate students from 15 different EMI courses in the School of Business Administration of Sun Yat-sen University participated in this study. We used partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore the relationship between learning strategies, English anxiety, and EMI avoidance, while regarding English proficiency as a controlled variable. The results indicate that English anxiety has a positive relationship to EMI avoidance; critical thinking has a negative relation to English anxiety; effort regulation has a negative relation to EMI avoidance, and English anxiety mediates the relationship between critical thinking and EMI avoidance. General principles are drawn from these findings and are discussed as they apply to the teaching of EMI classes. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 160-160 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=054&rid=11519 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711519 Classification-JEL: Keywords: English for specific purposes; English-medium instruction; English anxiety; learning strategy; Taiwan Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: AnneLou Vernooij Author-Name-First: AnneLou Author-Name-Last: Vernooij Author-Email: annelou.vernooij@wur.nl Author-Workplace-Name: Wageningen University & Research Author-Name: Anna Marie Fisker Author-Name-First: Anna Marie Author-Name-Last: Fisker Author-Email: amf@civil.aau.dk Author-Workplace-Name: Aalborg University Author-Name: Anna Eva Utke Heilmann Author-Name-First: Anna Eva Author-Name-Last: Utke Heilmann Author-Email: aeuh@civil.aau.dk Author-Workplace-Name: Aalborg University Author-Name: Nini Camilla Bagger Author-Name-First: Nini Camilla Author-Name-Last: Bagger Author-Email: ncb@civil.aau.dk Author-Workplace-Name: Aalborg University Title: Taste Missions ? A new and innovative approach to improve pupil?s health through food literacy Abstract: What makes food, health and children so interesting? Food is one of the primary sources to human life that through a healthy lifestyle can be influencing the future of every individual. Especially children with their future ahead are an important target group that needs focus, since habits are often established at an early age (Piaget, 1969), which also is the case in regards to food and health. To secure the public health and wellbeing of future generations, and to ensure a more sustainable environment and world, we find that teaching children about food, nutrition and health is essential in order to develop a healthy relationship to food and eating habits (Bas?kale, et al., 2009). Learn4Health, an EU Erasmus+ project, was created in 2016 to develop new and innovative methods to food literacy in European schools, to promote a broader knowledge of the origin of food and food systems, and to foster better health practices through new knowledge and self-efficiency. In the project, we seek to develop several innovative and new approaches that aim to increase food knowledge through interdisciplinary hands-on activities. It is our belief, that such methods can foster motivation and a better understanding of when, what and how food is grown, and thereby improve pupils action competencies in relation to food and health now and in the long-term. This paper focuses on one of the Learn4Health activities, Taste Missions, developed, implemented and evaluated by Wageningen University & Research and aims to illustrate how hands-on food activities can benefit pupils in European public schools. Further, it will describe, analyze and conclude upon the activity, and finally, summarize by discussing Taste Missions in the larger Learn4Health context and in the broader perspective of the public by presenting the HOFA Handbook. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 161-170 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=055&rid=11613 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711613 Classification-JEL: I00, I10, I29 Keywords: Food literacy, Learning, Hands on Food Activities, Health, Interdisciplinary Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ya-huei Wang Author-Name-First: Ya-huei Author-Name-Last: Wang Author-Email: yhuei@csmu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Chung-Shan Medical University; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Author-Name: Hung-Chang Liao Author-Name-First: Hung-Chang Author-Name-Last: Liao Author-Email: hcliao@csmu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Chung-Shan Medical University; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Title: Using Illness Narratives to develop Healthcare Students and Providers? Professional Identity Abstract: Literary narratives regarding personal illness can help healthcare students and providers reflect upon troubling medical care situations or dilemmas in literature reading through which they can make a connection between patients? illness and their own life experiences to derive their life meaning and professional identity. Namely, through narrating, they can have a strong tie and identification to medical or health care profession. Viewing that there is no, or almost no, research using illness narratives to investigate professional identity, this proposal intends to develop a valid and reliable Professional Identity Scale for Healthcare Students and Providers (PIS-HSP). After literature review and expert panel discussion to elicit the initial PIS-HSP scale, five hundred sixty-two randomly selected medical care students and professionals participated in the pilot study. Questionnaires returned with missing data were regarded as invalid. Statistics was calculated using SPSS (version 14.0). The validities and reliabilities of the assessment will include construct validity, internal consistency of the scale, expert validity. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 171-171 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=056&rid=11266 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711266 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Illness narratives, healthcare, professional identity, validity, reliability Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chih-Hai Yang Author-Name-First: Chih-Hai Author-Name-Last: Yang Author-Email: chyang@mgt.ncu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Central University Author-Name: Tadashi Ito Author-Name-First: Tadashi Author-Name-Last: Ito Author-Email: tadashi.ito@gakushuin.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Gakushuin University Author-Name: Toshiyuki Matsuura Author-Name-First: Toshiyuki Author-Name-Last: Matsuura Author-Email: matsuura@sanken.keio.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Keio University Title: FDI and Duration of Intermediate Goods Imports: Empirical Evidence from Japanese affiliates in China Abstract: This paper examines the duration of intermediate goods imports and its determinants for Japanese affiliates in China. In addition to product characteristics, we consider also the influences of affiliate and parent firm characteristics, as well as regional agglomeration. Based on a unique parent?affiliate?transaction matched panel dataset over the 2000?2006 period, we adopt a discrete-time hazard model to conduct empirical estimations. Results show that products with a higher upstreamness index, differentiated goods, and process-trade goods are less likely to be substituted for local procurement. Firms located in agglomerated regions with more foreign affiliates tend to shorten the duration of imports from their home country. In terms of parent-firm characteristics, multinational enterprises that have many foreign affiliates or greater foreign production experience continue to import intermediate goods for a longer duration. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 172-172 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=057&rid=10587 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710587 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Trade duration, FDI, Intermediate goods, Agglomeration Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yu-Fang Yen Author-Name-First: Yu-Fang Author-Name-Last: Yen Author-Email: yvonne@nqu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Quemoy University, Department of Business Administration Title: The influence of responsible downsizing strategy on employee organizational citizenship behavior Abstract: To cope with changing environments, firms have commonly adopted a downsizing strategy to reduce costs and thereby increase competitive advantage. However, downsizing is not a necessary panacea to firm performance. Contrarily, downsizing might harm employees from economic, physical, and family aspects. Therefore, consequently cause negative influence to the quality of business operations. To ease negative effect, some downsizing researchers have proposed that downsizing strategies must allow employees a sense of responsibility toward those strategies. This will reduce distrustfulness and encourage favorable behaviors of employees toward organizations, and consequently increase post-downsizing performance. The research targeted employees in the high-tech industry to conduct the empirical study. The findings revealed that the higher the level of employees that perceive the downsizing strategy as responsible, the better it is to upgrade its organizational citizenship behavior in the post-downsizing era. The findings could offer insight for firms attempting to conduct downsizing strategies. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 173-173 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=058&rid=11120 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8711120 Classification-JEL: Keywords: responsible downsizing strategy, downsizing strategy, organizational citizenship behavior Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8711120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: SADETTIN AYDIN YUKSEL Author-Name-First: SADETTIN AYDIN Author-Name-Last: YUKSEL Author-Email: aydin.yuksel@isikun.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: ISIK UNIVERSITY Author-Name: ASLI YUKSEL Author-Name-First: ASLI Author-Name-Last: YUKSEL Author-Email: asli.yuksel@eas.bau.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: BAHCESEHIR UNIVERSITY Author-Name: RIZA DEMIRER Author-Name-First: RIZA Author-Name-Last: DEMIRER Author-Email: rdemire@siue.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Title: The U.S. term structure and stock market volatility: Evidence from emerging stock markets Abstract: Decomposing the term structure of U.S. treasury yields into two components, the expectations factor and the maturity premium, we examine whether the U.S. term structure contains predictive information over emerging stock market volatility. Based on data from 20 emerging markets, we provide positive evidence that holds even after controlling for country specific factors including turnover and market size. Our findings indicate the market?s expectation of future short term rates, implied by the expectations factor, serves as a stronger predictor of stock market volatility compared to the maturity premium component of the yield spread. Moreover, the predictive power of the U.S. term structure increases following the global financial crisis. Length: 1 page Creation-Date: 2019-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen, Jul 2019, pages 174-174 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/iises-international-academic-conference-copenhagen/table-of-content/detail?cid=87&iid=059&rid=10994 File-Function: First version, 2019 Number: 8710994 Classification-JEL: G14, G15 Keywords: Term structure of interest rates, Stock market volatility, Expectations factor, Maturity premium. Handle: RePEc:sek:iacpro:8710994