Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Khatuna Berishvili Author-Name-First: Khatuna Author-Name-Last: Berishvili Author-Email: xberi@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Tbilisi State University Title: Contradictory character of the process of liberalization and integration of economic relations and influence of this process on the countries with small economy Abstract: Integration into the international economic processes and liberalization of foreign economic ties are a prerequisite for the economic development of those developing countries, which have small economy. Present level of globalization highlighted the issues of liberalization of economic activity, but by the scientists? opinion the economic results of this process are ambiguous. Peculiarities and influence of liberalization on the national economy are of a controvercial character when interests of the general public are suffered in this process. The issue of integration into the world economy passes from economic to socio-political plane. The present thesis is clearly seen today in the activities of many states, among them, in the activities of Georgia, which at the world markets in conditions of crisis and turbulence is searching for the mechanisms of protection of national producers and grows the scales of protectionism. It is also logical that determination of optimal integrational processes and their use in small economies of developing countries remain urgent in conditions of the present-day turbulence. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 1-9 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=001&rid=7686 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607686 Classification-JEL: M16 Keywords: integration, liberalization, foreign trade, optimization, small economy, development. Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Somnath Chakrabarti Author-Name-First: Somnath Author-Name-Last: Chakrabarti Author-Email: somnath_chakrabarti@rediffmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Kashipur Title: An Exploratory Study for Understanding the Drivers of Display Advertising Spend in USA Abstract: This study attempts to explore the key aspects pertaining to the growth of display advertising and some of the associated media substitution effect in USA. It has been done based on literature review and analysis of leading national advertisers? data in USA between 1999 to 2011 period. It attempts to highlight the potential drivers of this adoption of display advertising in USA market by analyzing 65 advertisers who had minimum 6 years of available media data between 1999 - 2011 in USA market. These marketers were predominantly in the product categories of automotive; computers, software; financial services; food; medicines & remedies; personal care; retail and telecommunications (the product categories with at least 4 advertisers in the category in the study). The study has analyzed US advertising spend data of measured media (media data available by individual medium of TV, Magazines, Newspapers, Radio, Outdoor and display advertising based on data from Advertising Age ) and aggregate unmeasured media. The study demonstrates that each medium has seen statistically significant changes in many of the years between 1999 to 2011 period. It is seen from the study that proportion of TV spend has not decreased from 1999-2011. Many advertisers generally have been reluctant to shift a large proportion of their advertising budgets from traditional media (including TV) to the internet (display). Product category and the year have been found to be the most important variables in determining the proportion of display advertising. Revenue category has been also found to be significant; however, its predictive power has been lower. Product category is one of the most important factors in deciding the proportion of display advertising spend of a firm. Three categories such as computers, software; financial services and telecommunications have been found to be the early adopters of digital media since it became a mainstream channel. These categories show the highest average proportion of internet spending across the chosen years. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 10-22 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=002&rid=7601 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607601 Classification-JEL: M31, M37, C10 Keywords: Display Advertising; Advertising Media; Media Substitution Effect Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Tiyesere Mercy Chikapa Author-Name-First: Tiyesere Mercy Author-Name-Last: Chikapa Author-Email: tiyeserec@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Manchester, Alliance Manchester Business School, Title: Gender regime and policies in Malawi: A literature review Abstract: Based on the review of existing literature, this paper argues that Malawi?s gender regime may be described as a hybrid model, depicting traits of the familialistic as well as the de-familialistic models of gender regimes. This is evidenced from the fact that Malawian women exhibit higher employment rates, despite the low welfare provisions towards child care, eldercare or care for the sick. This means that despite engagement in full time employment, they still play a huge role in unpaid work either directly or through the underpaid services of other women where possible. The family practices that are influenced by culture in these private domains are crucial in gender relations in order to understand decisions that women make in relation to paid work based on their role expectations in the home. A social agenda that significantly takes into account family practices in employment is critical in achieving gender equality in Malawi. Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 23-40 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=003&rid=7515 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607515 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Familialistic, de-familialistic, women, Malawi, gender, work, family Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Charmaine Du Plessis Author-Name-First: Charmaine Author-Name-Last: Du Plessis Author-Email: dplestc@unisa.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Africa Title: TOWARDS A MORE UNIVERSAL UNDERSTANDING OF CONTENT MARKETING: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Abstract: As a new marketing paradigm, the scholarly publications about content marketing have steadily increased since the first academic study in 2008. It is, however, still surpassed by the thousands of practitioner publications in the form of blogs, case studies, and industry publications. Varied perspectives and competing concepts about content marketing impede universal understanding and hinder future growth. Marketing scholars have only recently started to address content marketing's definitional and conceptual issues and have thus far contributed very little to the continuous debate about this shift in marketing thought. This study was consequently done to address a gap in our understanding of content marketing by focusing on the state of current scholarly contributions when it comes to unanimity about its conceptual foundation. It is furthermore also important to be aware of how research has advanced content marketing theory so far to expand existing knowledge. A directed, inductive content analysis of 191 academic studies about content marketing was done to establish how content marketing is conceptually and consistently explained and understood in existing scholarly work. Three main categories emerged that illustrate uniformity in views, namely delineation of content marketing, content marketing field, and foundational elements. Conceptual understanding of a phenomenon is crucial to develop frameworks and models to accurately describe it. This study could thus be an underpinning for future studies to add to incomplete conceptions about content marketing and thereby advancing its growth. Length: 14 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 41-54 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=004&rid=7983 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607983 Classification-JEL: M31, M30, M00 Keywords: content marketing, content marketing research, marketing theory, content analysis, social media Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607983 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel Innocents EDOUN Author-Name-First: Emmanuel Innocents Author-Name-Last: EDOUN Author-Email: eiedoun@uj.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of Johannesburg Author-Name: Genevieve Bakam Fotso Author-Name-First: Genevieve Author-Name-Last: Bakam Fotso Author-Email: genischou@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Johannesburg Title: The Economic implication of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Private and Public sectors Abstract: Economic activities on both the public and the private sectors are contributing substantially in countries Gross Domestic Products (GDP). However, past studies revealed that, many business activities in the private and public sectors in Africa previously struggled to compete with the world best as a result of the lack of use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Countries in Africa lacked access to ICT that could have assisted decision makers to maximise profit and deliver the required services to organisations and citizens in order to remain very competitive in the market. As a result of the above, many African governments have introduced ICT policies in their strategic plans to support businesses both in the private and public sectors. This article is set to explore the role that ICT plays in shaping businesses in Africa through sound policies. These policies are strongly supported by the New Partnership for Africa?s Development (NEPAD) and the African Union (AU). This paper argues that, governments and established businesses in Africa should invest extensively on ICT if they aspire to deliver well deserved services to tax payers and to remain competitive in the markets through profit maximisation in the sustainable manner. Length: 8 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 55-62 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=005&rid=7973 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607973 Classification-JEL: A10, H80 Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT); Africa, profit maximisation, markets structures, NEPAD Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607973 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel Innocents EDOUN Author-Name-First: Emmanuel Innocents Author-Name-Last: EDOUN Author-Email: eiedoun@uj.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: University of Johannesburg Author-Name: Alexandre Essome Author-Name-First: Alexandre Author-Name-Last: Essome Author-Email: essome@un.org Author-Workplace-Name: University of Johannesburg Title: The New Partnership for Africa?s Development (NEPAD) as the driver for Africa?s transformation Abstract: Poor ICT infrastructure and inadequate policy/regulatory frameworks remain responsible to inadequate access to affordable telephones, broadcasting, computers and the Internet. However, globalization has brought the whole world to operate as a global village by using the Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) as a tool to communicate and solve critical issues that impede development to take place. As a result therefore and very aware from the fact, Africa is lagging behind, NEPAD was created in July 2001 by African leaders to address the challenges facing the African continent. The main objective of NEPAD is therefore to eradicate poverty and put Africa in the path of sustainable growth and development. The use of ICT is thus seen as one of NEPAD?s flagship programmes to ignite socio-economic development. ICTs are used in various sectors of the economy such as education, governance, engineering to generate growth and facilitate socio-economic development. Based on the objective set by NEPAD, this paper set explore the role it plays in introducing ICTs as one of it tool to promote socio-economic development in Africa. Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 63-71 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=006&rid=7974 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607974 Classification-JEL: A10 Keywords: Globalisation, ICTs, NEPAD, Africa Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607974 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chun Cheong Steve Fong Author-Name-First: Chun Cheong Steve Author-Name-Last: Fong Author-Email: ccfong@ipm.edu.mo Author-Workplace-Name: Macao Polytechnic Institute Title: Relationship between Corporate Governance & Company Performance of Hong Kong Based & China Based Family-Controlled Property Development Companies Abstract: This study is to investigate the relationship between Corporate Governance (CG) disclosure and financial performance of both Hong Kong based and China based family-controlled property development companies listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange. 10 leading companies with the largest market capitalization are studied in each category. Evaluation of the quality of CG disclosure is conducted through a checklist of mandatory and recommended disclosures developed with reference to the Hong Kong Listing Rules about CG disclosure and financial information, the Best Practice Guidance of CG disclosure provided by Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (formerly Hong Kong Society of Accountants), and the information about the specific performance evaluation indicator in the property development companies. It is found that there is a positive relationship between CG disclosure and financial performance in Hong Kong based companies, especially operating profit margin and net profit margin. This study provides evidence to support the relationship between CG disclosure and financial performance. Length: 25 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 72-96 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=007&rid=7197 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607197 Classification-JEL: O53, M41 Keywords: Corporate Governance, financial performance, Hong Kong property industry, Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: J. Barry Lin Author-Name-First: J. Barry Author-Name-Last: Lin Author-Email: barry.lin@kustar.ac.ae Author-Workplace-Name: Khalifa University of Science and Technology Title: The Curious Announcement Effect of Combined SEOs Abstract: This paper examines the differences in announcement effects among Combined, Primary, and Secondary SEOs. Earlier studies suggest that primary SEOs signal financial strains, while secondary SEOs signals over-pricing and increases misalignment of interests between insiders and shareholders. Theoretically, combined SEOs combine the negative incentive effects from both the primary and secondary SEOs. However, empirical result is curious. We find that Primary SEO suffers the most negative 3-day cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) upon announcement, followed by Combined SEOs, while Secondary SEOs experience the smallest, but statistically significant negative 3-day CAR. To seek some explanation for this curious empirical result, we investigate the patterns of ownership among the three types of SEOs. Insider ownership is highest for combined SEO, while institutional ownership is highest for the secondary issues, with block ownership also highest for the combined SEOs. We argue that such differences in ownership structure at least provide some explanation to the reason why combined SEOs are not perceived to exhibit the negative incentive effects associated with both primary and secondary SEOs. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 97-107 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=008&rid=7632 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607632 Classification-JEL: G30, G39 Keywords: Primay SEO, Secondary SEO, Combined SEO, Ownership Structure, Announcement Effect Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chengedzai MAFINI Author-Name-First: Chengedzai Author-Name-Last: MAFINI Author-Email: chengedzai@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Vaal University of Technology Author-Name: POOBIE PILLAY Author-Name-First: POOBIE Author-Name-Last: PILLAY Author-Email: Poobie.Pillay@avenggroup.com Author-Workplace-Name: Vaal University of Technology Title: A DIAGNOSTIC REVIEW OF THE BARRIERS TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAINS Abstract: The construction industry is one of the largest contributors to the global economy. It has, however, been experiencing noteworthy challenges due to multifaceted factors, some of which are related to supply chain management. In this study, we identified the barriers to supply chain management in the construction industry and how these can be overcome. A review of related literature was conducted, after which a qualitative approach was adopted for the empirical portion of the study. The latter involved two focus group interviews and 15 semi-structured interviews held with supply chain managers drawn from the South African construction industry. A thematic analysis of responses revealed seven themes, namely procurement practices and capacity, construction supply chain management structure, supply chain integration, relationships and coordination in supply chains, supply chain collaborations, supply chain leadership management and logistics management. These themes represent the barriers to effective supply chain management and signify areas deserving attention in the diagnoses of supply chain related problems in the construction industry. The study concludes by suggesting practices that could be implemented to overcome these barriers. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 108-123 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=009&rid=7304 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607304 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Construction industry, supply chain management, procurement practices, supply chain integration, supply chain collaboration, supply chain leadership management, logistics management Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad hossein Mahmoudi Sari Author-Name-First: Mohammad hossein Author-Name-Last: Mahmoudi Sari Author-Email: mahmoudi@art.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: University of Art, Tehran Title: An Empirical Study on Human Resources Management in Construction Department of EPC Contractors in Petroleum Industries Abstract: Field survey is carried out in eight large companies involved in a petroleum refinery megaproject in Iran to investigate the effects of human resource management plans on client satisfaction. On the job training of staff as well as economic incentives are applied as the main topics of HRM plans. About 200 questionnaires have been completed along the EPC contractors as well as project client and management consultant. The results of each improving plan inspected during a six-month period and the results are compared. It has been found that there is a meaningful and significant dependence between knowledge based stimuli and client satisfaction. By comparing the financial based and knowledge based incentives, it was found that the technological factors are more important and the results and conclusions are more sensible rather than economic factors. Details of research procedure and differences between economic and technical factors are discussed. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 124-130 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=010&rid=7807 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607807 Classification-JEL: Keywords: Human Resource Management, Construction Department, EPC Contractor, Knowledge based incentives, Economic Incentives, Client Satisfaction Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kurt Motamedi Author-Name-First: Kurt Author-Name-Last: Motamedi Author-Email: kurt.motamedi@pepperdine.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Pepperdine University Title: Resilience in Dynamic Complex Environments Abstract: Social systems respond to their environment along two mutually interdependent processes through adaptation and coping. Adaptability is the capability to understand and make necessary adjustments to fit with the environment either by making requisite internal changes and/or responding to the environment. Coping is the inernal processes which help determine how the organization maintains its sense of identity and wholeness in view of the externally and internally induced changes. As the environment becomes more diverse, differentiated and complex, the dynamic changing environment creates conditions for some organizations with the right internal resources and capabilities to survive and prosper while others with less coping abilities (copabilities) may stagnate, become obsolete or lose their sense of wholeness and identity. The article explores the many facets of adaptability, copability, their interrelationship, integration and synthesis toward social system revitalization and renewal. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 131-141 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=011&rid=7908 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607908 Classification-JEL: L20, L25, D21 Keywords: Resilience, Adapting, Coping,. Vitality. Agility Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607908 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stanley Yap Peng Lok Author-Name-First: Stanley Yap Author-Name-Last: Peng Lok Author-Email: stanleyypl@segi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SEGi University Author-Name: Chong Wei Ying Author-Name-First: Chong Author-Name-Last: Wei Ying Author-Email: chongweiying@segi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SEGi University Author-Name: Leow Hon Wei Author-Name-First: Leow Author-Name-Last: Hon Wei Author-Email: leowhonwei@segi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SEGi University Title: A Framework for Retirement Planning Based on Financial Literacy and Wealth Accumulation Abstract: Purpose ? Saving alone is not adequate to achieve financial independence to an effective retirement planning because financial literacy we have is not properly transferred and applied to financial planning. This paper aims to study the moderating role of wealth accumulation with the financial literacy that affects retirement planning.Design/methodology/approach ? This study uses multiple regression and hierarchy regression to analyse 250 data to reflect the retirement planning related to financial planning. A closed-ended questionnaire is adopted and the unit of analysis is an individual.Findings ? The study finds the following: the constructs of availability, awareness, affordability, and accessibility help in improving retirement planning; financial literacy improve the effectiveness of financial planning. In addition, wealth accumulation serves as a moderator for retirement planning to enhance the effectiveness of financial planning.Practical implications ? Individuals are urged to devise an effective retirement planning mechanism by careful thought on the needs of an individual. Furthermore, an effective planning helps to develop an environment that will encourage the high integrity of financial literacy for individual to apply their skills and knowledge. Originality/value ? This study highlights an essential issue. It analyses the interactions between the dimensions of wealth accumulation with the financial literacy and retirement planning in improving the financial planning effectiveness in Malaysia. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 142-151 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=012&rid=7977 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607977 Classification-JEL: D14, D19, D00 Keywords: financial literacy, retirement planning, financial independence, financial planning, wealth accumulation Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607977 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Teo Poh Chuin Author-Name-First: Teo Author-Name-Last: Poh Chuin Author-Email: pohchuin@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Tunku Abdul Rahman university College Author-Name: Mohamad Osman Author-Name-First: Mohamad Author-Name-Last: Osman Author-Email: osman6298@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Multimedia University Title: The Impacts of Worldmindedness and Nationalism on Students? Attitude and Purchase Intention towards Portable Consumer Electronics: A Cross-National Study Abstract: This study examines the influences of worldmindedness and nationalism on Malaysian and Korean students? attitude and purchase intention, in which their attitude and purchase intention towards various country of origin and brands match on portable consumer electronics. Data collection activities, in which self-administered survey, were done in Republic of Korea (ROK) and Malaysia. The research findings showed that both worldmindedness and nationalism possessed significant influences on students? attitude and purchase intention according to various brands and origin country matches. Interestingly, attitude influenced purchase intention significant positively. Implications to both policy makers and market practitioners are discussed. Lastly, limitations of study and recommendations for future researchers are presented. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 152-164 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=013&rid=7145 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607145 Classification-JEL: M00, M31, M16 Keywords: Worldmindedness, Nationalism, Attitude, Purchase Intention, Malaysia, South Korea Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Teo Poh Chuin Author-Name-First: Teo Author-Name-Last: Poh Chuin Author-Email: pohchuin@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Tunku Abdul Rahman University College Author-Name: Osman Mohamad Author-Name-First: Osman Author-Name-Last: Mohamad Author-Email: osman6298@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Multimedia University Title: BRAND ORIGIN RECOGNITION ACCURACY (BORA) AND ITS ANTECEDENTS: A CASE IN MALAYSIA Abstract: The objectives of this study are to investigate young Malaysians? ability in recognising USA brands, and to determine the antecedents of it. It is proposed that the level of BORA score is influenced by the following antecedent variables - consumer ethnocentrism, consumer animosity, need for cognition, education, international experience, vocation, and gender. Research findings revealed that young Malaysians? ability in recognising USA brands is low, and USA BORA score is influenced by consumer ethnocentrism, need for cognition, education, international experience and gender. This study contributes to the literature and brings some insights to policy makers as well as marketing practitioners. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 165-179 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=014&rid=7146 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607146 Classification-JEL: M00, M31, M16 Keywords: Brand origin recognition accuracy (BORA), Antecedents, Consequences, Young consumers, Malaysia Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dinis Santos Author-Name-First: Dinis Author-Name-Last: Santos Author-Email: dinis.d.santos@fe.uc.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra Author-Name: Paulo Gama Author-Name-First: Paulo Author-Name-Last: Gama Author-Email: gama@fe.uc.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra Title: Can firms time the market? Evidence using own stock transactions. Abstract: Can firms time the market? This paper uses hand collected data on 37997 own stock transactions from 2005 to 2015 of Euronext Lisbon listed companies to detect market timing for selling and buying transactions. Following Dittmar and Field (2015) the paper uses relative prices to ascertain the relative performance of own stock transactions. Results show that firms can time both repurchases as well as resales. Firms repurchase (resell) at lower (higher) prices than those prevailing in the market. Moreover, market timing ability proves to be higher after the bailout period and to be influenced by the own stock trading frequency. Trading on the open market allows for increased timing ability for own stock repurchasing and reselling activity. Finally, results show seasonality both in repurchases and resales performance. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 180-199 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=015&rid=8038 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5608038 Classification-JEL: G14, G15 Keywords: Repurchases, Reselling, Own Stock, Opportunistic Behavior, Market Timing, Own Stock Transaction Performance, Repurchase, Resale Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5608038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: HAENG A SEO Author-Name-First: HAENG A Author-Name-Last: SEO Author-Email: haseo@kistep.re.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning Title: An Exploratory Approach to Korean and Chinese International R&D Cooperation: A government perspective Abstract: In recent times, the rise in technological convergence has been accompanied by a global increase in joint research efforts to outsource technology and R&D support. While global S&T joint research has mostly been centralized in the US and EU, such activities amongst Asian countries are nearly non-existent. In this setting, Korea and China have pursued international joint research efforts following the Korea-China Science and technology Cooperation Agreement signed in 1992. This paper will examine the current state of international cooperative research in Korea and China, and draw up several conclusions on their relationship as well as future recommendations for consideration. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 200-209 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=016&rid=8073 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5608073 Classification-JEL: L38 Keywords: international S&T cooperation, Korea-China, international joint research projects Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5608073 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Temur Shengelia Author-Name-First: Temur Author-Name-Last: Shengelia Author-Email: shengelia.temur@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Tbilisi State University Title: Determination of correlative relations between social capital, trust and motivation in the international company Abstract: Conception of the Social Capital is used by many scientists. It established its wide place in economic, social, politological and other sciences. Along with natural and human capital the social capital essentially influences the growth of efficiency of the transnational companies and promotes their development. The social capital is not the property of individual persons, it is established in the social networks and differs from other forms of capital by the fact that it is reflected not in objects and sujects, but in the human relations that form a social network. In general, conception of the social capital is inhomogenous and contracdictory. Despite this, it still establishes a worthy place in economic and social science. Conception of the social capital is based on the phenomenon of confidence. On the basis of ethical and philosophical analysis of the category of confidence it can be convincingly said that without this category development of the society is impossible only by the economic mechanisms. The present study, on the basis of theoretical-methodological, regressive analysis of categories of the social capital and confidence, establishes those empiric relations, which exist between these two categories. Use of the auggested methodology in improvement of the management activity of the modern corporations is important, because it promotes their development and growth. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 210-220 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=017&rid=7685 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607685 Classification-JEL: M16 Keywords: social capital, motivation, relations, methodology of measuring, corporations, efficiency. Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Yan-Jie Yang Author-Name-First: Yan-Jie Author-Name-Last: Yang Author-Email: yanjie@saturn.yzu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Yuan Ze University Author-Name: Chi-Hua Li Author-Name-First: Chi-Hua Author-Name-Last: Li Author-Email: 078702@mail.fju.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Fu Jen Catholic University Author-Name: Ruey-Ching Lin Author-Name-First: Ruey-Ching Author-Name-Last: Lin Author-Email: 081515@mail.fju.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: Fu Jen Catholic University Author-Name: Hong-Da Wang Author-Name-First: Hong-Da Author-Name-Last: Wang Author-Email: d91722001@nkfust.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name: National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technolog Title: The Change of Consolidation Rules and Its Impact on Earnings Management Abstract: Boundaries of consolidated reporting entities vary between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Based on the rules-oriented conceptual framework, U.S. GAAP adopts ownership-based consolidation approach (ARB 51), while IFRS adopts control-based approach that is more principle-oriented (IAS 27). Exploiting a unique setting which took place in Taiwan that switched from U.S. GAAP to IFRS in consolidation rules in 2005, this study finds that parent firms conducting more related party transactions with their subsidiaries are inclined to hide them from consolidation under ownership-based consolidation. This intention to avoid consolidation, however, is substantially restrained when switching to the control-based consolidation approach. In addition, firms employ real earnings management to substitute for earnings management via related party transactions after control-based consolidation approach is adopted, consistent with prior studies (e.g., Zang, 2012) that find relative costliness drives the earnings management decision. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 221-236 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=018&rid=7918 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607918 Classification-JEL: M41, M48 Keywords: Consolidated rules; Business group; Earnings management; Related party transactions Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stanley Yap Peng Lok Author-Name-First: Stanley Author-Name-Last: Yap Peng Lok Author-Email: stanleyypl@segi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SEGi University Author-Name: Wei Ying Chong Author-Name-First: Wei Ying Author-Name-Last: Chong Author-Email: chongweiying@segi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SEGi University Author-Name: Hon Wei Leow Author-Name-First: Hon Wei Author-Name-Last: Leow Author-Email: leowhonwei@segi.edu.my Author-Workplace-Name: SEGi Title: Financial Literacy: Literature Review and Research Directions Abstract: In contemporary world, the ability of knowing and understanding financial concepts and matter are important for individual economic well-being. Policymakers have embraced financial literacy as antidote for global financial crisis and increase bankruptcies. This has resulted in a growing interest among academic and industrial researchers, industrialists and policy makers to explore the link between financial literacy and financial behaviour. This paper provides a critical review of literature on financial literacy, with an emphasis on the link between financial literacy and financial behaviour. A systematic review of the relationship of financial literacy and financial behaviour from 2005-2015 has been conducted. The similarities and discrepancies among studies are evaluated and discussed in length. Future research directions are outlined. Length: 7 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 237-243 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=019&rid=7972 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607972 Classification-JEL: D10, D14, G02 Keywords: Financial Literacy, Financial Behavior, Systematic Review, Behavioral Finance Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607972 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Saad Yaseen Author-Name-First: Saad Author-Name-Last: Yaseen Author-Email: saad.yaseen@zuj.edu.jo Author-Workplace-Name: Al-Zaytoonah University Of Jordan Title: Understanding Arab Manager s Mindsets Abstract: This research is devoted to understand Arab managers? mindsets and to conceptualize their perceived implicit theories from cultural perspective .It assumes that Arab managers have simultaneously two different mindsets, growth mindset and a fixed mindset. That is, Arab managers have different mindsets because they do belong to more than one culture; espoused Islam and Islam-in-use. This inconsistency of the mindsets constitutes a main feature of the Arab mind. The synthesizing implicit process of the Arab mind enfolded both espoused Islam and Islam-in-use integrating some basic values and principles and allowing the rest, especially, perceived capabilities and time orientation as inconsistent and even contradictory mindsets. However, the Arab managers mindsets are rarely cultivated with espoused Islam even though they would operate as the fulcrum between ideal Islamic values and traditional norms depending on which is cued in the organizational context.Consequently, this conceptualization of the Arab mindsets is very meaningful to western partners regarding how they should cultivate and express their own preferences and do business in the Arab world. An understanding of the Arab manager mindsets is valuable for international business players from west or other cultural contexts Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 244-254 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=020&rid=7629 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607629 Classification-JEL: M16 Keywords: implicit theories, Mindsets, Espoused Islam, Islam-in-use, Arab manager Mindset Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Bonginkosi Zwane Author-Name-First: Bonginkosi Author-Name-Last: Zwane Author-Email: BKZwane@mut.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Mangosuthu University of Technology Author-Name: Celani Nyide Author-Name-First: Celani Author-Name-Last: Nyide Author-Email: nyidec@dut.ac.za Author-Workplace-Name: Durban University of Technology Title: SMME attitudes towards Financial Bootstrapping: A perspective from a developing economy Abstract: The national and international literature and research on SMMEs has been developed very strongly in the last decade. There have been many successful attempts on the part of many researchers and scholars to unpack new and innovative dimensions of SMMEs? operations, behaviour, attitudes, functions and other dynamics that boost, sustain or impede their growth and development. There is, however, a gap in research, regarding a very distinct practice within SMMEs in developing economies, that of bootstrapping. This study, therefore, used a sample chosen on a non-probability basis using convenience sampling of small business owners within the eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 83 participants completed the questionnaire. The study found that the practice of financial bootstrapping was very high amongst the investigated SMMEs. The use of financial bootstrapping within SMMEs is coincidental. The majority of the respondents indicated that they did not undergo any formal training on the use of financial bootstrapping methods. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 2017-07 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Business & Management Conference, Geneva, Jul 2017, pages 255-267 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?cid=56&iid=021&rid=7468 File-Function: First version, 2017 Number: 5607468 Classification-JEL: L26 Keywords: Developing Economy, Financial Bootstrapping, SMMEs Handle: RePEc:sek:ibmpro:5607468