Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Ruba Aljarallah Author-Name-First: Ruba Author-Name-Last: Aljarallah Author-Email: ra.aljarallah@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Public Authority for Applied Education and Training Title: Impact of Mineral Resource Rent on Ecological Footprint in Gulf Countries Abstract: It is mostly the countries in the Gulf region that are blessed with natural resources that are faced with significant resource capital management challenges. As a result, these nations' capacity to utilize their blessed natural resources in the creation of goods that can be exported is reduced. Through the utilization of time-series data spanning the years 2000-2020, the research examined the main critical components that are responsible for causing damage to the ecosystem in five Gulf countries mainly, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman. The utilization of resource rents rather than resource value is a direct result of this phenomenon. According to the findings, mineral resource rents are the most significant determinants of the resource, which depletes mineral resources, in addition, economic activity and the renting out of resources also raise the ecological footprint. Industrialization also increases the ecological footprint in Gulf countries. According to the findings, it is vital to enact different resource regulations and policies that could be based on incentives to reduce the ecological footprints and the consumption of natural resources. Length: 15 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 1-15 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=001&rid=15837 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815837 Classification-JEL: Q30, Q50, Q57 Keywords: Ecological footprint, Resource rent, Developing countries, Regulation, Environment Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Shweta ARORA Author-Name-First: Shweta Author-Name-Last: ARORA Author-Email: arorashwetaarora@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: SP JAIN INSTITUTE, MUMBAI Title: An exploratory study to understand the factors that influence price constraints for new launches by global pharmaceutical companies in India Abstract: The Purpose of the study is to understand and evaluate various factors that influence price constraints for new launches by global pharmaceutical companies in India. Pharmaceutical companies face the biggest challenge of pricing of new products. Due to high R and D cost patented products have to be kept at higher price so that company can maximize profit globally within the period of exclusivity. High prices often limit volume share of global pharmaceutical companies and restrict them to reach-out to mass consumers. The situation is even challenging in India as major population of patient belongs to self-pay category with limited forward planning for medical health. In addition, infringement cases challenging global pharmaceutical companies also contribute to price constraints. This study will focus on the factors that include financing schemes, Market access-strategies, market liberalization, internet trading and biosimilars on prices, with insufficient discussion identified for the effects of discounts/rebates, profits and price transparency. The outcome of the research is expected to culminate in an innovative model called New Product Pricing Model (NPPM). This model is expected to enable the Global pharmaceutical companies to overcome price as a major constraint for successful product launch in India. Length: 23 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 16-38 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=002&rid=15874 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815874 Classification-JEL: A20 Keywords: Price constraints, Market access strategies, Market liberalization, Research and development, Biosimilars, Price transparency Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815874 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Leta Bardjieva Miovska Author-Name-First: Leta Author-Name-Last: Bardjieva Miovska Author-Email: leta.bardzieva@fzf.ukim.edu.mk Author-Workplace-Name: University Ss. Cyril and Methodius Skopje/Faculty of Philosophy/Institute for Security, Defense and Peace Author-Name: Oliver Bakreski Author-Name-First: Oliver Author-Name-Last: Bakreski Author-Email: oliverbakreski@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: University Ss. Cyril and Methodius Skopje/Faculty of Philosophy/Institute for Security, Defense and Peace Author-Name: Sergej Cvetkovski Author-Name-First: Sergej Author-Name-Last: Cvetkovski Author-Email: sergej@fzf.ukim.edu.mk Author-Workplace-Name: University Ss. Cyril and Methodius Skopje/Faculty of Philosophy/Institute for Security, Defense and Peace Title: Communication as a function of security management Abstract: Communication, perceived as a function of security management counterpoises a domain in which there is a realm for further theoretic elaboration in the context of definition of its significance and role. The primary hypothesis in this paper refers to the need of an appropriate application of communication in realization of the overall functions of security management, with special reference to the police, army and private security companies. The applied nominal and ordinal data are categorical and taxonomical, in addition to the claim that indicates the various perspectives of the significance of the application of appropriate communication in management in general, as well as in security management as a specific scientific and applied subfield. The purpose of this paper is to contribute toward a more fundamental notion on the relationship of communication in the overall efficiency in realization of the designated plans within the program framework, through effectuation of the decisions made and subsequently the oversight and control over their implementation, while the results from this research point out the need for a continuous distribution of an optimal level of practical use of the specified findings in the concrete domains of engagement. Length: 13 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 39-51 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=003&rid=15898 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815898 Classification-JEL: F52, M12, D02 Keywords: Communication, Function, Significance, Security management, Security sector, Army, Police, Private security industry Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815898 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Harsimrat Kaeley Author-Name-First: Harsimrat Author-Name-Last: Kaeley Author-Email: harsimratkaeley@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of California, Irvine Author-Name: Ye QIAO Author-Name-First: Ye Author-Name-Last: QIAO Author-Email: harsimratkaeley@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of California, Irvine Author-Name: Nader BAGHERZADEH Author-Name-First: Nader Author-Name-Last: BAGHERZADEH Author-Email: harsimratkaeley@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of California, Irvine Title: Support for Stock Trend Prediction Using Transformers and Sentiment Analysis Abstract: Stock trend analysis has been an influential time-series prediction topic due to its lucrative and inherently chaotic nature. Many models looking to accurately predict the trend of stocks have been based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). However, due to the limitations of RNNs, such as gradient vanish and long-term dependencies being lost as sequence length increases, in this paper we develop a Transformer based model that uses technical stock data and sentiment analysis to conduct accurate stock trend prediction over long time windows. This paper also introduces a novel dataset containing daily technical stock data and top news headline data spanning almost three years. Stock prediction based solely on technical data can suffer from lag caused by the inability of stock indicators to effectively factor in breaking market news. The use of sentiment analysis on top headlines can help account for unforeseen shifts in market conditions caused by news coverage. We measure the performance of our model against RNNs over sequence lengths spanning 5 business days to 30 business days to mimic different length trading strategies. This reveals an improvement in directional accuracy over RNNs as sequence length is increased, with the largest improvement being close to 18.63% at 30 business days. Length: 16 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 52-67 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=004&rid=15878 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815878 Classification-JEL: C32, C35, E37 Keywords: Stock Prediction, Machine Learning, Recurrent Neural Network, LSTM, Transformer, Self Attention, Sentiment, Analysis, Technical Analysis Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815878 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Stanislav Klazar Author-Name-First: Stanislav Author-Name-Last: Klazar Author-Email: klazar@vse.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Prague University of Economics and Business Author-Name: Paulina Jalaksova Author-Name-First: Paulina Author-Name-Last: Jalaksova Author-Email: 127854@vse.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Prague University of Economics and Business Title: Social Norms as Factors of Tax Evasion Abstract: We address the application of a behavioural approach to tax evasion or tax compliance in the European Union. We focus on the relationship between social norms and tax evasion. We analysed data from our survey (in 3 countries with the highest levels of tax evasion compared to 3 countries with the lowest levels). It seems that social norms on tax compliance in countries with low tax evasion are stronger than in other countries, particularly those with high levels of tax evasion. Focusing on forming social norms could solve tax evasion in some economies (countries). Length: 9 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 68-76 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=005&rid=15918 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815918 Classification-JEL: H26, H39 Keywords: Behavioural approach; Tax evasion; Tax compliance; Social norms Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Violeta Neza Author-Name-First: Violeta Author-Name-Last: Neza Author-Email: nezaleta@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business, University "Aleksander Moisiu", Durrės Author-Name: Edlira Llazo Author-Name-First: Edlira Author-Name-Last: Llazo Author-Email: llazo@hotmail.it Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business, University "Aleksander Moisiu", Durrės Title: Consumer e-satisfaction through the use of e-services in the banking sector - changing consumer behavior ( Case study ? e-banking in Albania) Abstract: Technology is the main word of all the activities we carry out today, but the developments it has received in recent years have facilitated the way of searching and accessing information as well as obtaining the requested service in real time, avoiding unnecessary expenses and movements. In this way, in addition to achieving consumer satisfaction and changing consumer behavior influenced by technological developments, the application of e-services is a way to influence the development of a sustainable economy and the creation of green value, since through these online services the environmental pollution from the restriction of vehicle movements to receive offline services. This study has made use of secondary and primary data through a distributed questionnaire where only 150 questionnaires were valid for analysis. The study aims to highlight the effect of using online bank applications on consumer satisfaction and consumer behavior. The results of the study show that the e-services offered by second-level banks have significantly increased consumer satisfaction and positively influenced behavior by generating green value. Length: 10 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 77-86 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=006&rid=15899 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815899 Classification-JEL: M31, M37, M39 Keywords: Technology, Consumer satisfaction, Consumer behaviour, Sustainable economy, Green value Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815899 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Imad Rahim Author-Name-First: Imad Author-Name-Last: Rahim Author-Email: imad.phd18nbs@student.nust.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: NUST Business School, National University of Sciences and Technology Author-Name: Rehman U. Mian Author-Name-First: Rehman Author-Name-Last: U. Mian Author-Email: r.mian@nbs.nust.edu.pk Author-Workplace-Name: NUST Business School, National University of Sciences and Technology Author-Name: Affan Mian Author-Name-First: Affan Author-Name-Last: Mian Author-Email: amian@chicagobooth.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chicago Booth School of Business Title: Country-level foreign institutional investment horizons, excess cash holdings, and firm value: International evidence Abstract: Using a sample of 15,332 firms from 32 countries over 2007 and 2018, this study investigates the impact of country-level heterogeneity in foreign institutional investment horizons on the value of excess cash holdings. We use a country-level adjustment to the investment horizon approach of Gaspar et al. (2005) to measure the country-level horizons of foreign institutional investors (FIIs). The findings reveal that long-term country-level FIIs significantly increase the value of excess cash holdings. The impact of short-term country-level FIIs remains statistically insignificant. We obtain qualitatively unchanged results in the additional checks for robustness. Overall, our results highlight the significance of country-level heterogeneity in the monitoring efficacy of FIIs in corporate strategic decisions across individual portfolio countries. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 87-98 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=007&rid=15929 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815929 Classification-JEL: G32, G23, G34 Keywords: Investment horizon; Cash holdings; Foreign institutional ownership; International corporate governance, Firm value Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815929 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksey Potebnya Author-Name-First: Aleksey Author-Name-Last: Potebnya Author-Email: aleksey.potebnia@feb.uni-sofia.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Sofia University "St. Cl. Ohridski" Author-Name: Neviana Krasteva Author-Name-First: Neviana Author-Name-Last: Krasteva Author-Email: nevianak@feb.uni-sofia.bg Author-Workplace-Name: Sofia University "St. Cl. Ohridski" Title: Development of a gamified electronic learning resource for children: "Marketing in folk tales and fiction" Abstract: The main idea is to check and analyze how gamification in education can affect our lives and how to use it based on our experience and the development of MP "Gamification". of the Faculty of Economics of the Sofia University "St. Cl. Ohridski" in cooperation with Technomegicland. Different methods (such as Yu Kai Chou's Octalisys), strategies and tools that are available will be explored.The aim is to review how the introduction of gamification into education will affect motivation and how it is already doing so. This will be done by providing facts, definitions, data, personal opinion and conclusions. The results of the research will cover students where attempts are made to gamify learning. Secondly, results will be achieved by using examples from folk tales and fiction in marketing, which will multiply the possibility of applying a gamified element.Similar applications have not been made in Bulgaria, there is a lack of a model and methodology for defining training needs, suitable for gamification or integration with other didactic training formats. There is a lack of clearly defined indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of gamified training. In Bulgaria, there is no prototype of a gamified platform, nor an established forum on the subject of the gamification of education.In this sense, the project has the potential for innovation and knowledge transfer to the field of education and teachers by attracting a wider range of stakeholders who can contribute to the creation, development, upgrading and testing of the gamified learning platform, as part from the education system at school and in extracurricular forms. Along with this, it is of interest to identify the main incentives and barriers to introducing gamification as a philosophy, approach and toolkit. Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 0000-00 Publication-Status: Published in Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 18th Economics & Finance Conference, London, Nov -0001, pages 99-116 File-URL: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-economics-finance-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?cid=138&iid=008&rid=15827 File-Function: First version, 0000 Number: 13815827 Classification-JEL: M31 Keywords: marketing, gamification, fairy tales Handle: RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815827