Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Carnelli Author-Name-First: Silvia Author-Name-Last: Carnelli Author-Email: silvia.carnelli21@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt Title: Monte Verità and Glastonbury: New Romantic ?Cries? for ?Mother Gaia?. Analysis of ?New? Spiritualit(ies) within the 20th-century and the contemporary West Abstract: The communities of Monte Verità and Glastonbury are two representatives of the ?alternative wave?, or rather of the ?counterculture? that has been spreading throughout the West since the beginning of the 20th century. Rooted in 19th- century Romanticism, it nowadays survives within the so called ?New Age?. This ?new? cultural phenomenon, which has been emerging partly in the spiritual and partly in the political field, is characterized by an eclectic mixture of ways of expressions: naturism and homeopathy, that are often put in relation to ecologist discourses; mysticism, theosophy, paranormal research and spiritual healing; forms of revival of pre-Christian religions (e.g. New Paganism), getting intertwined with Eastern imports (e.g. yoga and Asian medicine traditions); movements of space-place-sacralization such as Ley-Lines Hunting and Feng-Shui. Despite the differences in their origin and in their implementation, all these proposed ?new? ways of life share the same countercultural goal: to restore the deficits of the modern industrialized, capitalized and medialized society ? amongst others by regenerating the substantial link between the human being and the forces of nature (particularly of ?Gaia?; the earth). As a result of the popularity of these movements, the Western society has been experiencing a translation in the relationship between the ?human? and the ?beyond? in the last two centuries, as well as in the conception of religion itself and of its collective role. Starting from two significant examples of ?alternative? communities in Europe, this paper develops a reflection about the relocation of traditional religious beliefs in the post-secularized West. Classification-JEL: Z00 Keywords: 20th-century Counterculture; 21st-century New Age; ?Back to Nature? Narratives; Feminine Spirituality; Holism; Homeopathy; Ecology Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 1-18 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: May File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-695 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-695?download=1 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:1-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thumira Gunasena Author-Name-First: Thumira Author-Name-Last: Gunasena Author-Email: thumira@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of Kelaniya Title: The applicability of adopting European Union?s integration model in South Asia: A comparative analysis of European Union and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Abstract: The European integration is three decades older than the South Asian integration. European Union stands as an outstanding regional body even though South Asian Association for regional Cooperation is still struggling to achieve the basic premises of economic integration. The aim of this paper is to comparatively analyze the two regional integrations and to identify how far is it appropriate to adopt the European integration model to accelerate the South Asian integration. One specific objective is to identify the core differences between the two regional settings and next objective is to determine the theoretical relevance of certain existing theories in describing the two integration processes. Another specific objective is to evaluate the suitability of adopting European Union model in South Asia and to recommend necessary reforms for better integration in South Asia.Data triangulation method has been used to accumulate secondary data from multiple sources available in electronic and printed form including books, journals, web, reports, historical records and treaties. Qualitative content analysis has been used since this is a documentary analysis and Content analysis evaluate document texts and to test theoretical relevance to understand data more comprehensively and scientifically. It will test prevailing theories in different contexts when compare the categories of different settings. Key findings depicts that there is a sharp diversity between the European Union and South Asia in terms of trade, economic development, human development, industrialization, urbanization, trade liberalization, income levels, poverty alleviation and political integration. Amidst these differences the applicability of adopting the European model proves to be a failure due to many factors. The democratic nature of the countries and their practice of free market economic policies along with the successful resolutions for political tensions in Europe significantly caused the long term success of European integration whereas South Asian countries are suffering from huge diversities in economic, geographic, cultural, trade and military terms within the region and hesitate to co-operate with one another due to these differences. Indo-Pakistan political tensions blended with smaller states? fear psychosis of Indian hegemony is the greatest constraint for better integration in South Asia. South Asia required rearranging the structure of its regional organization and opening avenues to discuss contentious issues among member states. Establishment of real democracies and reliable interactions among people to people contacts while adopting more comprehensive free market economic policies domestically would facilitate the economic and political integration of South Asia in the future. Classification-JEL: Y90 Keywords: European Union, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Economic integration, political integration Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 19-43 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: May File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-686 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-686?download=2 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:19-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jahangir Jahangiri Author-Name-First: Jahangir Author-Name-Last: Jahangiri Author-Email: jjahangiri@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Shiraz University Author-Name: Mohammad Taghi Iman Author-Name-First: Mohammad Taghi Author-Name-Last: Iman Author-Email: ghmahdavi@rose.shirazu.ac.ir Author-Workplace-Name: Shiraz University Author-Name: Ghasem Alizade Author-Name-First: Ghasem Author-Name-Last: Alizade Author-Email: alizadeh.ghasem1366@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Shiraz University Title: Sociological Study of the Relationship between National and Ethnic Identity in Yasouj City Abstract: Current research aims to investigate the relationship between national and ethnic identities and the factors affecting their formation in Yasouj city of predominantly Lur. The research was carried out using a quantitative-survey method, and the research tool is questionnaire. National identity was measured in terms of geographical, political, historical, religious, linguistic, and cultural dimensions, and ethnic identity was assessed with indicators such as more focus on city, language, courtesy, and local habits. The research data were collected out of a sample of 383 people aged between 20 and 40 years old residing in Yasouj, which were selected by a regular random method. The results from the bivariate analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between demographic variables including religious adherence, social interaction, social confidence, social-economic base, and the use of collective tools, and national and ethnic identity. The relationship between national and ethnic identity is direct and significant, indicating the importance of rapid social changes in identity formation and possibility of co-existence of different identities in the contemporary society. The multivariate analysis showed that the variables namely adherence to religious values, social confidence, ethnic identity, domestic and foreign audio-visual mass media totally explained 50% of changes in national identity. In addition, the variables namely religious adherence values, education, written mass media, age, and social confidence have explained 19.6% of changes in ethnic identity. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Identity; Collective Identity; National Identity; Ethnic Identity; Nation; Ethnic Group. Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 44-57 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: May File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-672 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-672?download=3 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:44-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mandla Nyathi Author-Name-First: Mandla Author-Name-Last: Nyathi Author-Email: drmandlanyathi@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: National University of Science and Technology Author-Name: Thokozani Khupe Author-Name-First: Thokozani Author-Name-Last: Khupe Author-Email: mandla.nyathi@nust.ac.zw Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zimbabwe Author-Name: Watchy Ruparanganda Author-Name-First: Watchy Author-Name-Last: Ruparanganda Author-Email: watch.ruparangandanda@uz.ac.zw Author-Workplace-Name: University of Zimbabwe Title: From rags to riches and riches to rags again: tale of women informal retail traders in Zimbabwe Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate how the women informal retail traders moved from poverty and hardship to success and then back to poverty and hardships in Bulawayo. The study used a mixed research design to interrogate these interesting phenomena on women empowerment dynamics in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe and the African patriarchal society. The study found that the development of the informal retail sector empowered women at some point. The acquisition of assets and ability to finance own health needs is the evidence that supports the notion of empowerment by these women. That empowerment was, however, not sustainable due to, inter alia, unplanned nature of the participation of women into these informal markets, lack of education, poor business management skills and declining economic environment. The study found that the economic bubble of success that many women informal retail traders enjoyed at some point in their businesses was a false one. However, it led some women to move from the proverbial rags to riches and then back to rags in a fashion. It was a cycle anticipated by very women. This intriguing experience of women informal retail traders would provoke the intellectual curiosity of many social science researchers in this field. The study and its findings would make an interesting read to social scientists as much as it would do to policymakers and casual readers interested in the African patriarchal family, women empowerment and the informal sector. In so doing, it will contribute to the growing body of knowledge in this area of study. Classification-JEL: E03, I39, Q01 Keywords: Informal retail trade, women empowerment, sustainable development, African patriarchal family and asset ownership Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 58-72 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: May File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-681 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-681?download=4 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:58-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: GULSER OZTUNALI KAYIR Author-Name-First: GULSER Author-Name-Last: OZTUNALI KAYIR Author-Email: gulserkayir@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: UNIVERSITY AKDENIZ Title: Sociological Regard to Child Mothers Drama in Turkey Abstract: Child mothers is a global, social, socioeconomic, psychological and healty problem, created through the social and public institutions. Some concepts must be discussed in scientific context, collection of data need a special work. Child mothers married off in too young ages are exposed vital problems to girls and women. Powerty, traditional and culturel authority and sexist mentality of the sociopolitical system tied to social instutions, demand sociological attention. In Turkey child mothers drama is a organized crime by many institutions. The reports, researches, international and national law will be the basic data for this study. Contributing within internatioal measures and actions to ensure the social change in the direction of the gender equality development and for happily married for the future generation. The causes, sociological context, consequences and suggestions will be examined in order to inprove child mothers drama in Turkey. Classification-JEL: J12, J13 Keywords: child mothers, child bride, violence against childrens, violence against women, international law, Turkey Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 73-91 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 Month: May File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-692 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-692?download=5 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:73-91