Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Birger Antholz Author-Name-First: Birger Author-Name-Last: Antholz Author-Email: birger.antholz@public.uni-hamburg.de Author-Workplace-Name: University of Hamburg Title: Corona - who was the Perpetrator? Abstract: Corona will infect tens of millions of people worldwide. Of these, more than a million will die by summer 2020, i.e. become victims of bodily injury resulting in death, i.e. a criminal offence. Up to now, the smallest links in the chain of infection have been punished, e.g. for violation of the distance rule. Would it not therefore be appropriate to ask about the real culprit of Covid-19? In early June 2020, the government of Australia and citizens in northern Italy (Bergamo) are demanding clarifications: who is responsible for the Corona pandemic? The most important explanations of the origin of the corona virus are presented and discussed. Have residents of the Shitou bat cave carried the virus to Wuhan? Did one of the two well-known Wuhan bat hunters bring it to the Wuhan Seafood Market? Is the zoonosis theory true, according to which a bat at the seafood market infected a pangolin that was then eaten by a human being? Was the Sars-CoV-2 virus developed in a biolab and then escaped through a lab accident? The plausibility of these explanatory theories is discussed. Classification-JEL: I10, I19, I38 Keywords: Covid-19 origin, Corona origin, Sars-CoV-2, conspiracy theory, Shanghai line Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 1-20 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116768 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116768?download=1 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahum Azhaar Author-Name-First: Mahum Author-Name-Last: Azhaar Author-Email: mahum.azhaar@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Professional Psychology, Karachi Campus, Bahria University Author-Name: Maheen Ali Author-Name-First: Maheen Author-Name-Last: Ali Author-Email: aimuphi110@live.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Professional Psychology, Karachi Campus, Bahria University Author-Name: Sidra Shoaib Author-Name-First: Sidra Author-Name-Last: Shoaib Author-Email: sidrashoaib175@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Professional Psychology, Karachi Campus, Bahria University Author-Name: Mehwish Dawood Author-Name-First: Mehwish Author-Name-Last: Dawood Author-Email: mehwishdawd@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Professional Psychology, Karachi Campus, Bahria University Author-Name: Mariam Anwaar Author-Name-First: Mariam Author-Name-Last: Anwaar Author-Email: m.anwaar09@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Professional Psychology, Karachi Campus, Bahria University Title: Relationship between Body Dissatisfaction, Depression and Anxiety among Young Adults Abstract: In the light of Self-Discrepancy Theory (SDT) and prevalence of body dissatisfaction in the Pakistani culture, the current correlational survey-based research design was aimed to explore the relationship between body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety among adult males and females. The hypotheses of the study were: (a) there will be a significant relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and depression (b) there will be a significant difference in the level of body dissatisfaction between male and female adults. For this purpose, 343 unmarried young adults (Male n=168 & Female n=175), age ranging from 16-30 years (M=22.07, SD=3.07) were recruited. The Body Dissatisfaction Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were administered on the participants. The results revealed a significant positive correlation (p < .01) between body dissatisfaction depression (r=0.27) and anxiety (r=0.32) however, the relationship with depression was weak while the moderate relationship was found with anxiety. Additionally, anxiety was found to be a positive predictor of body dissatisfaction. There was further a significant difference (p < .01) exhibited in the level of body dissatisfaction in males and females, where females had a higher level of body dissatisfaction as compared to males. Moreover, a significant difference (p<.01) which signifies that females were more depressed than males. The current research has important implications for training programs, counseling, and psychotherapy. Classification-JEL: I00, I18, I19 Keywords: Body Dissatisfaction, Anxiety, Depression, Young Adults Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 21-39 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116793 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116793?download=2 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:21-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Luis Carpio Domínguez Author-Name-First: José Luis Author-Name-Last: Carpio Domínguez Author-Email: jcarpio@docentes.uat.edu.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Autonomous University of Tamaulipas Author-Name: Cynthia Marisol Vargas Orozco Author-Name-First: Cynthia Marisol Author-Name-Last: Vargas Orozco Author-Email: cmvargas@uat.edu.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Autonomous University of Tamaulipas Author-Name: Karla Villarreal Sotelo Author-Name-First: Karla Author-Name-Last: Villarreal Sotelo Author-Email: kvillar@uat.edu.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Autonomous University of Tamaulipas Author-Name: María Guadalupe Montoya Coello Author-Name-First: María Guadalupe Author-Name-Last: Montoya Coello Author-Email: mgmontoya@uat.edu.mx Author-Workplace-Name: Autonomous University of Tamaulipas Title: An approach to the context of the mental illness in the penitentiary system of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico Abstract: The present study aims to deepen the prison context of the population diagnosed with psychiatric illness in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. A consultation was carried out at the state level in the databases of the Application of Sanctions Centers (CEDES) to identify this social group within the prison population, variables such as sex, age, time in prison, medical treatment, the breakdown of diagnosed psychiatric illnesses, visits and the legal situation within the criminal process. Finding that this group represents 1.1% of the prison population at the state level; the diagnosed psychiatric illnesses include: undefined psychosis (31%), schizophrenia (20%), paranoid schizophrenia (11%), organic lesions (8%) and depression (8%), the prevalence of these illnesses was mostly diagnosed in prisoners between 30 and 60 years of age, where 28% also do not receive medication for their condition. In conclusion, the study recognizes this social group and its conditions of vulnerability within the prison system, so it is essential that public health policies in the country and the state of Tamaulipas must be oriented to meet the needs of these social groups in order to help guarantee the enjoyment of their fundamental rights. Classification-JEL: I18, I14, K14 Keywords: prison, psychiatric disorders, disability, vulnerability Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 40-65 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-25623 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-25623?download=3 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:40-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra Figueiredo Author-Name-First: Sandra Author-Name-Last: Figueiredo Author-Email: sfigueiredo@autonoma.pt Author-Workplace-Name: Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa Author-Name: André Soares Author-Name-First: André Author-Name-Last: Soares Author-Email: andre_acosta90@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (UAL) Author-Name: Neuza Vieira Author-Name-First: Neuza Author-Name-Last: Vieira Author-Email: phe.sun@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (UAL) Author-Name: Miguel Devezas Author-Name-First: Miguel Author-Name-Last: Devezas Author-Email: miguel.devezas@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (UAL) Title: A psycholinguistic analysis of world leaders? discourses concerning the COVID-19 context: authenticity and emotional tone Abstract: This study aims to examine authentic discourses of eight country leaders, in two different periods of the COVID-19 context, in order to analyze how their authenticity traits and emotional tone might have changed between February and April of 2020 and according to the updated pandemic numbers of each country. Countries and their leaders were selected based on the West and East representation of the North Hemisphere and with no ethnicity concepts attached. It was developed a specific dictionary for this psycholinguistic analysis based in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015, v. 1.6.0. 2019) and the original version created for this trial study was administered to establish the segmentation and codification of 16 international discourses, focusing leadership and COVID-19 as new contexts. The texts were coded considering the linguistic dimensions and psychological categories. After the dataset of 39 073 words concluded, correlation was computed to link linguistic samples with low/high emotional properties (and taking into account the linguistic style of the country? leaders). The word count will not be addressed attending to lexicon frequency, grammar organization and syntax properties of the eight languages. The samples revealed psycholinguistic controversy registered in the two sessions of the leaders? discourses. Results for authenticity have shown that the cases of US, UK and France were more authentic, contrary to Russian and Chinese leaders? discourses. The emotional tone was low and negative (< .50) for the discourses of Spain and Russian Presidents, by comparing to their peers. The discourse analysis by using automated methodologies such as LIWC enhances the correct comprehension and detects the locus of misinformation about the COVID-19 measures and phases. That misinformation, when observed, refers to likely mixed messaging used by individuals to prevent the collapse of their government respecting the impact of their discourses on the public opinion. We will discuss the data obtained concerning the results for different emotional response of the eight leaders and controlling for variables such as the culture and socioeconomic background of the country of origin. Classification-JEL: F29, C55, D63 Keywords: LIWC; COVID-19; International Leaders; Authenticity; Emotional Tone; Role of Economics; Analysis of Education; Health Behavior Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 66-69 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116762 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116762?download=4 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:66-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akiko Nosaka Author-Name-First: Akiko Author-Name-Last: Nosaka Author-Email: nosakaaa@plu.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Pacific Lutheran University Author-Name: Donna Leonetti Author-Name-First: Donna Author-Name-Last: Leonetti Author-Email: leonetti@uw.edu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Washington, Seattle Title: The Influence of Migration, Education, and Parents on the Fertility of First-generation Japanese Women in the U.S. Abstract: This study examines fertility of Japanese women who migrated to the United States (U.S.) in the early 1900s. It uses data originally collected from 98 first-generation Japanese immigrants, addressed as Issei, living in Seattle, Washington in the mid 1970s. Main questions are 1) how Issei women?s fertility differed based on their levels of educational attainment, and 2) how the natal family fertility influence differed according to their levels of education. The study findings indicate that highly educated women (more than high-school level) had significantly fewer children than other women with lower educational attainment. This finding may relate in part to the levels of education that they had their children obtain. Interestingly, there is no indication that the fertility of these Issei women was positively influenced by the number of children that their natal parents had regardless of their educational levels; on the contrary, the fertility of women who had a high-school level of education was negatively related to their natal family fertility. Several possible factors may be responsible for these patterns, including experience with child-death, reaction to the realities of their immigrant parents, assimilation into society in the U.S., and occupational and regional backgrounds of their natal family. Classification-JEL: J11, J12, J13 Keywords: Fertility; International Migration; Education; Family Structure; Sociodemographic; Japanese Immigrants, Family background; The U.S.; Early 20th century Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 70-86 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116769 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116769?download=5 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:70-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Girum M. Zeleke Author-Name-First: Girum M. Author-Name-Last: Zeleke Author-Email: girumzeleke@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: University of South-Eastern Norway Author-Name: Biruk Terefe Author-Name-First: Biruk Author-Name-Last: Terefe Author-Email: s.terefe@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Addis Ababa University Author-Name: Eleni Gebresenbet Haile Author-Name-First: Eleni Gebresenbet Author-Name-Last: Haile Author-Email: elenigst@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Jimma University Author-Name: Heran Ejara Author-Name-First: Heran Author-Name-Last: Ejara Author-Email: heran.tolla@ju.edu.et Author-Workplace-Name: Jimma University Title: Child-Headed Household in Ethiopia - The Case of Addis Ababa City and Adama Town in Ethiopia Abstract: Despite the decreasing number of HIV/AIDS deaths, there are still growing concerns about the increasing number of child-headed households caused by AIDS-related adult mortality, traffic accidents, divorce, and other circumstances. Based on data collected from focus groups over the period 2019-2020, this paper examined child-headed households and their vulnerabilities, like school dropout, economic, psychological, social, and coping mechanisms strategies to survive. Child-headed households are overlooked by society and policymakers despite the number of children living in this form of household significantly high. The paper addresses the need for attention for child-headed households and suggests policies and efficient strategies, and services. Classification-JEL: J13, A14, M16 Keywords: Children, child family, child welfare, extended family, HIV, AIDS, childcare, Ethiopia Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 87-106 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2020 Month: September File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116788 File-URL: https://iises.net/international-journal-of-social-sciences/publication-detail-116788?download=6 Handle: RePEc:sek:jijoss:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:87-106